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It is unclear how elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming interactively influence soil N mineralization in the rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.), given that the N mineralization process in anaerobic paddy soils differs from that of aerobic upland soils. In this study, we conducted a rhizobox experiment in open top chambers and used 15N-13C dual-labeling to examine the impacts of eCO2 (700 ppm) and warming (2 °C above the ambient) on N mineralization and associated microbial processes in the rhizosphere of rice plants under anaerobic conditions. Compared to the control, the combination of eCO2 and warming increased rice N uptake by 50% in a no-added-N treatment and 32% under an N-added treatment, with the additional uptake mainly consisting of soil-derived N. Co-elevation of CO2 and temperature increased microbial biomass C and N and increased N mineralization by 41% and 23% in the no-added-N and N-added treatments, respectively. The absolute abundances of the N-mineralization genes chiA, pepA, pepN, and urea hydrolysis gene ureC in the rhizosphere increased by 22–30% under eCO2 and warming, corresponding to the additional N mineralization and photosynthetic C allocation into the soil. However, eCO2 plus warming did not increase the metabolic efficiency of N mineralization (mineralized N per unit microbial N). Our results suggest that the co-elevation of CO2 and temperature stimulated microbially mediated soil N mineralization in the rhizosphere of rice, posing a risk on the acceleration of soil organic matter decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging solution‐based solar cells and photodetectors have gained worldwide research interest over the past decades. Hole transport materials (HTMs) have greatly advanced the progress of these solution‐based electronics. Nevertheless, developing low‐cost and efficient HTMs is far from satisfactory. In this contribution, poly(3‐pentylthiophene) (P3PT) is introduced as a facile, low‐cost, and versatile dopant‐free polymer HTM for both quantum dot (QD) and perovskite electronic devices. Compared to the broadly used poly(3‐hexylthiophene), P3PT presents the reduced molecular aggregation and preferential face‐on orientation, which can markedly enhance the hole‐carrier transport in optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, P3PT can deliver the substantial improvement of photovoltaic performance from ∼8.6% to ∼9.5% for QD/polythiophene solar cells and from ∼16% to ∼18.8% for perovskite/polythiophene solar cells, which are both among the topmost values in the corresponding fields. Furthermore, P3PT HTMs can also significantly enhance the photodetection performance of QD and perovskite photodetectors by a factor of ∼3, indicating its great application potential in a variety of emerging optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable electrodes are critical to the development of advanced technologies such as human–machine interaction, flexible sensing, and wearable power supply, making them of significant research value. However, the current preparation methods for high‐performance stretchable electrodes are complex and inefficient, posing challenges for their large‐scale application in the realm of flexible wearables. To address this need, a straightforward and efficient embedding strategy is reported for fabricating stretchable silver nanowire/thermoplastic elastomer composite electrodes (referred to as Strem‐AT) utilizing the viscoelasticity and outstanding mechanical properties of polymer elastomers to achieve outstanding extensibility, conductivity, and a smooth surface. These electrodes exhibit excellent tensile behavior, low surface roughness, and stable electrical properties, enabling their successful integration into stretchable sensors and intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaic cells (IS‐OPV). When applied to human skin joints for motion detection, the sensor demonstrates remarkable stretchability and stable signal output. Importantly, the all‐polymer IS‐OPV exhibits a top‐notch power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >12.5% and a PCE80% strain exceeding 50%. Furthermore, even after subjecting high‐strain stretching at 50% for 1000 cycles, the IS‐OPV can retain 76% of the initial PCE. This study presents a multifunctional stretchable electrode with high repeatability and easy‐to‐scale fabrication in wearable sensors and photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]