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Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) has recently made significant progress in the treatment of bladder cancer patients, but many patients still cannot benefit from it. In the present study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of ICGs in bladder cancer tissues with the aim of evaluating patient responsiveness to immunotherapy and prognosis. We scored ICGs in each BLCA patient from TCGA and GEO databases by using ssGSEA and selected genes that were significantly associated with ICGs scores by using the WCGNA algorithm. NMF clustering analysis was performed to identify different bladder cancer molecular subtypes based on the expression of ICGs-related genes. Based on the immune related genes differentially expressed among subgroups, we further constructed a novel stratified model containing nine genes by uni-COX regression, LASSO regression, SVM algorithm and multi-COX regression. The model and the nomogram constructed based on the model can accurately predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. Besides, the patients classified based on this model have large differences in sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, which can provide a reference for individualized treatment of bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of energy storage capacitors in advanced power systems, the pursuit of lightweight devices is gradually gaining importance despite the urgent need for device miniaturization. To reduce the mass of dielectric energy storage materials, certain light metal elements, such as potassium (K) and sodium (Na), offer promising prospects for achieving low material density. However, the intrinsic formation of point defects, including alkali metal vacancies and oxygen vacancies (Schottky defects), is inevitable during high-temperature sintering because of the volatilization of alkali metal oxides. These defects can lead to high conductivity under high electric fields, thereby deteriorating energy storage performance (ESP). In this work, we focus on a potassium-rich composition, K2La0.75Gd0.25Nb5O15, which is characterized by a tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structure, to investigate the impact of volatile point defects. Different types of defects were designed by changing the K2O content, and energy storage properties were investigated. Based on leakage current measurements, impedance spectra, and DFT calculation results, it could be concluded that K–O defects with a shallow energy level cause conduction loss, thereby influencing polarization and ESP. Consequently, a high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 5.02 J cm−3 and an energy efficiency of 85.6% were simultaneously achieved for the composition with the lowest defect content. This work reveals a mechanism in which volatile defects dominate conduction behavior and relevant ESP, stresses the significance of suppressing alkaline Schottky defects, and provides a feasible solution to developing lightweight dielectric energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]