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Abstract Porphyry-type molybdenum deposits, many of which are in China, supply most of the World’s molybdenum. Of particular importance are the molybdenum deposits located in the Qinling-Dabie region that are responsible for more than half of China’s molybdenum production. A feature that distinguishes this suite of deposits from the better-known Climax and Endako sub-types of porphyry molybdenum deposits is their formation from CO2-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The role of CO2, if any, in the transport of molybdenum by these fluids, however, is poorly understood. We conducted experiments on the partitioning of molybdenum between H2O-CO2, H2O-NaCl, and H2O-NaCl-CO2 fluids and a felsic melt at 850 °C and 100 and 200 MPa. Here we show that the exsolution of separate (immiscible) brine and vapor leads to the very high brine D Mo values needed for efficient extraction of Mo from the magmas forming Dabie-type porphyry molybdenum deposits.

Both copper (Cu) excess and boron (B) deficiency are often observed in some citrus orchard soils. The molecular mechanisms by which B alleviates excessive Cu in citrus are poorly understood. Seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan) were treated with 0.5 (Cu0.5) or 350 (Cu350 or Cu excess) μM CuCl2 and 2.5 (B2.5) or 25 (B25) μM HBO3 for 24 wk. Thereafter, this study examined the effects of Cu and B treatments on gene expression levels revealed by RNA-Seq, metabolite profiles revealed by a widely targeted metabolome, and related physiological parameters in leaves. Cu350 upregulated 564 genes and 170 metabolites, and downregulated 598 genes and 58 metabolites in leaves of 2.5 μM B-treated seedlings (LB2.5), but it only upregulated 281 genes and 100 metabolites, and downregulated 136 genes and 40 metabolites in leaves of 25 μM B-treated seedlings (LB25). Cu350 decreased the concentrations of sucrose and total soluble sugars and increased the concentrations of starch, glucose, fructose and total nonstructural carbohydrates in LB2.5, but it only increased the glucose concentration in LB25. Further analysis demonstrated that B addition reduced the oxidative damage and alterations in primary and secondary metabolisms caused by Cu350, and alleviated the impairment of Cu350 to photosynthesis and cell wall metabolism, thus improving leaf growth. LB2.5 exhibited some adaptive responses to Cu350 to meet the increasing need for the dissipation of excessive excitation energy (EEE) and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (reactive aldehydes) and Cu. Cu350 increased photorespiration, xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation, nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and abundances; and upregulated tryptophan metabolism and related metabolite abundances, some antioxidant-related gene expression, and some antioxidant abundances. Additionally, this study identified some metabolic pathways, metabolites and genes that might lead to Cu tolerance in leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: IgG4-related diseases are very uncommon, and its diagnosis and treatment are complicated as it encompasses multiple disciplines. Case presentation: : A 77-year-old woman was admitted with a jaw mass and nausea and vomiting. Laboratory tests showed elevated serum IgG4, pituitary MRI suggested thickening of the pituitary stalk, and head and neck CT suggested orbital and mandibular masses. Patients with mandibular mass were diagnosed with Mikulicz's disease with IgG4-related hypophysitis. We found no other evidence of causing thickening of the pituitary stalk. She was given oral prednisolone 30 mg daily, and her nausea and vomiting improved significantly, and the mandibular and ocular masses decreased in size. Conclusion: Mikulicz's disease combined with IgG4-related hypophysitis is a rare case of IgG4-RD in elderly women. IgG4-RD is one of the causes of head and neck exocrine gland mass and pituitary stalk thickening in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a time-varying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation control method based on trajectory prediction and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). First, in formation control, the nominal controller is constructed using a linear model and consensus for theoretical stability assurance. The time-varying formation control of nonholonomic UAVs subsequently is achieved by integrating the nonholonomic model with the NMPC, using the desired state derived from the nominal controller. Furthermore, considering the optimal obstacle avoidance problem of moving obstacles, the transformer is used to predict the trajectory in the predictive horizon, the safety constraints are established in combination with the discrete control barrier function (DCBF), and the optimal obstacle avoidance is realized by reducing the additional motion generated during obstacle avoidance. Subsequently, the NMPC-DCBF-transformer is integrated to realize the optimal obstacle avoidance control of nonholonomic UAV time-varying formation. Finally, the algorithm's effectiveness was verified by numerical simulation, and the advantages of the algorithm were verified by comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The astaxanthin nanocapsules (ASX-LNC) was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technology, the microstructure, stability, antioxidant activity, and in vitro release characteristics of ASX-LNC were characterized and evaluated. The ASX-LNC comprised a core material and wall materials. The core material was composed of astaxanthin oil, and the wall materials were composed of β-cyclodextrin, decapolyglycerol monooleate, soybean lecithin (PC60), glycerol, and deionized water. The mean particle size of the ASX-LNC was 206.9 ± 2.8 nm, and the polydispersity index (PdI) value was 0.218 ± 0.026. The zeta potential of ASX-LNC was −26.16 ± 0.87 mV. The loading amount of ASX-LNC was 0.546%±0.032%, and the encapsulation efficiency was 99.65%±0.13%, indicating that the preparation process was feasible. The stability of ASX-LNC was determined under different conditions, indicating good stability of the ASX-LNC. In antioxidant research, the inhibition rate of free radicals of ASX-LNC was 91.03 ± 0.87% under 250 μg/mL for 30 min, and the inhibition rate of free radicals of astaxanthin ethanol solution was 90.83 ± 1.37%. The antioxidant capacity of astaxanthin was not affected by the encapsulation, which demonstrated the effect of prolonging the release of active ingredients due to the protection of the biological activity of astaxanthin by encapsulation. Compared with the astaxanthin ethanol solution, the ASX-LNC had a slow-release effect and could prolong the action time of active substances. Overall, ASX-LNC is a potential carrier for application in food and health products, which can control the release of active substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Size‐dependent clonal and sexual reproduction has been studied in many species. However, very few attempts have investigated size‐dependent resource allocation among clonal reproduction, female function, and male function within a species. Moreover, how clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction interact to influence size‐dependent sex allocation has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the size dependency of clonal reproduction and sex allocation and how clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction interact to influence size‐dependent female function, male function, and sex allocation in the monoecious Begonia emeiensis. Individuals with no reproduction, reproducing clonally through bulbils, reproducing sexually through flowers, and reproducing through both bulbils and flowers differed significantly from each other in terms of size (leaf area), suggesting a threshold size for clonal versus sexual reproduction. Bulbil number per individual increased with size regardless of flower production. In contrast, the relationship between size and female and male flower production per individual was influenced by bulbil production; both female and male flower numbers per individual increased with size at a slower rate for individuals reproducing clonally and sexually than for those reproducing only sexually. The ratio of female to male flowers per individual increased with size independent of bulbil production. Our study shows that the size dependency of clonal reproduction was unlikely to be influenced by sexual reproduction; however, the size dependency of female and male function was influenced by clonal reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) is not as frequently studied in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) compared with the fecal microbiota. In this study, we examined the MAM in the terminal ileum and its correlation with bowel symptoms in IBS-D., Methods: Mucosal biopsies of the terminal ileum from 25 patients with IBS-D and 25 healthy controls were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Correlation analysis was performed., Results: Compared with healthy controls, the MAM in the terminal ileum showed a decreased alpha diversity in the IBS-D cohort (Chao1 and Shannon indexes, P < 0.05). And the overall MAM profile clustered separately into 2 groups (ADONIS [PERMANOVA, permutational multivariate analysis of variance], P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the ileal MAM of patients with IBS-D while that of Firmicutes was significantly lower. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas was significantly higher in the IBS-D cohort, with lower Bacteroides and Ruminococcus . Moreover, 40.0% of patients with IBS-D had multiple small nodules (nodular lymphoid hyperplasia) on the mucosal surface of the terminal ileum, which indicated a low-grade inflammation. In patients with IBS-D with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, the changes of Pseudomonas and Bacteroides were more overt. Correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Pseudomonas positively correlated with abdominal pain and the severity of IBS., Discussion: Patients with IBS-D showed a dysbiosis of MAM in the terminal ileum, which may be associated with bowel symptoms. Moreover, 40.0% of them displayed mucosal low-grade inflammation, with a more severe mucosal microbial disturbance., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American College of Gastroenterology.)