Search

To analyze the holographic multipartite entanglement structure, we study the upper bound for holographic $n$-partite information $(-1)^n I_n$ that $n-1$ fixed boundary subregions participate together with an arbitrary region $E$. In general cases, we could find regions $E$ that make $I_n$ approach the upper bound. For $n=3$, we show that the upper bound of $-I_3$ is given by a quantity that we name the entanglement of state-constrained purification $EoSP(A:B)$. For $n\geq4$, we find that the upper bound of $I_n$ is finite in holographic CFT$_{1+1}$ but has UV divergences in higher dimensions, which reveals a fundamental difference in the entanglement structure in different dimensions. When $(-1)^n I_n$ reaches the information-theoretical upper bound, we argue that ( I_n ) fully accounts for multipartite global entanglement in these upper bound critical points, in contrast to usual cases where $I_n$ is not a perfect measure for multipartite entanglement. We further show that these results suggest that fewer-partite entanglement fully emerges from more-partite entanglement, and any $n-1$ distant regions are fully $n$-partite entangling in higher dimensions., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Mathematical reasoning presents a significant challenge to the cognitive capabilities of LLMs. Various methods have been proposed to enhance the mathematical ability of LLMs. However, few recognize the value of state transition for LLM reasoning. In this work, we define mathematical problem-solving as a process of transiting from an initial unsolved state to the final resolved state, and propose Kwai-STaR framework, which transforms LLMs into State-Transition Reasoners to improve their intuitive reasoning capabilities. Our approach comprises three main steps: (1) Define the state space tailored to the mathematical reasoning. (2) Generate state-transition data based on the state space. (3) Convert original LLMs into State-Transition Reasoners via a curricular training strategy. Our experiments validate the effectiveness of Kwai-STaR in enhancing mathematical reasoning: After training on the small-scale Kwai-STaR dataset, general LLMs, including Mistral-7B and LLaMA-3, achieve considerable performance gain on the GSM8K and GSM-Hard dataset. Additionally, the state transition-based design endows Kwai-STaR with remarkable training and inference efficiency. Further experiments are underway to establish the generality of Kwai-STaR., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Lieb excitations are fundamental to the understanding of the low energy behaviour of many-body quantum gases. Here we study the spectral function of a Tonks-Girardeau gas in a finite sized Kronig-Penney potential and show that the Lieb-I and Lieb-II excitations can become gapped as a function of the barrier height. Moreover, we reveal the existence of a topological flat mode near the Fermi energy and at zero momentum and show that this is robust to perturbations in the system. Through a scaling analysis, we determine the divergent behaviour of the spectral function. Our results provide a significant reference for the observation and understanding of the gapped Lieb excitations and the topological flat mode of quantum gases in experimentally realistic subwavelength optical lattice potentials.

A quantum network provides an infrastructure connecting quantum devices with revolutionary computing, sensing, and communication capabilities. As the best-known application of a quantum network, quantum key distribution (QKD) shares secure keys guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. A quantum satellite constellation offers a solution to facilitate the quantum network on a global scale. The Micius satellite has verified the feasibility of satellite quantum communications, however, scaling up quantum satellite constellations is challenging, requiring small lightweight satellites, portable ground stations and real-time secure key exchange. Here we tackle these challenges and report the development of a quantum microsatellite capable of performing space-to-ground QKD using portable ground stations. The quantum microsatellite features a payload weighing approximately 23 kg, while the portable ground station weighs about 100 kg. These weights represent reductions by more than an order and two orders of magnitude, respectively, compared to the Micius satellite. Additionally, we multiplex bidirectional satellite-ground optical communication with quantum communication, enabling key distillation and secure communication in real-time. Using the microsatellite and the portable ground stations, we demonstrate satellite-based QKD with multiple ground stations and achieve the sharing of up to 0.59 million bits of secure keys during a single satellite pass. The compact quantum payload can be readily assembled on existing space stations or small satellites, paving the way for a satellite-constellation-based quantum and classical network for widespread real-life applications., Comment: 40 pages, 8 figures

Carrollian amplitude is the natural object that defines the correlator of the boundary Carrollian field theory. In this work, we will elaborate on its proper definition in general dimensions. We use the vielbein field on the unit sphere to define the fundamental field with non-vanishing helicity in the local Cartesian frame which is the building block of the Carrollian amplitude. In general dimensions, the Carrollian amplitude is related to the momentum space scattering matrix by a modified Fourier transform. The Poincar\'e transformation law of the Carrollian amplitude in this definition has been discussed. We also find an isomorphism between the local rotation of the vielbein field and the superduality transformation., Comment: 58 pages, published version

The helicity flux operator is a fascinating quantity that characterizes the angular distribution of the helicity of radiative photons or gravitons and it has many interesting physical consequences. In this paper, we construct the electromagnetic helicity flux operators which form a non-Abelian group in general dimensions, among which the minimal helicity flux operators form the massless representation of the little group, a finite spin unitary irreducible representation of the Poincar\'e group. As in four dimensions, they generate an extended angle-dependent transformation on the Carrollian manifold. Interestingly, there is no known corresponding bulk duality transformation in general dimensions. However, we can construct a topological Chern-Simons term that evaluates the minimal helicity flux operators at $\mathcal{I}^+$., Comment: 54 pages

Parameter extraction of photovoltaic (PV) models is crucial for the planning, optimization, and control of PV systems. Although some methods using meta-heuristic algorithms have been proposed to determine these parameters, the robustness of solutions obtained by these methods faces great challenges when the complexity of the PV model increases. The unstable results will affect the reliable operation and maintenance strategies of PV systems. In response to this challenge, an improved RIME algorithm with enhanced exploration and exploitation is proposed for robust and accurate parameter identification for various PV models. Specifically, the differential evolution mutation operator is integrated in the exploration phase to enhance the population diversity. Meanwhile, a new exploitation strategy incorporating randomization and neighborhood strategies simultaneously is developed to maintain the balance of exploitation width and depth. The improved RIME algorithm is applied to estimate the optimal parameters of the single-diode model (SDM), double-diode model (DDM), and triple-diode model (TDM) combined with the Lambert-W function for three PV cell and module types including RTC France, Photo Watt-PWP 201 and S75. According to the statistical analysis in 100 runs, the TEIMRE achieves more accurate and robust parameter estimations than other techniques to various PV models in varying environmental conditions. All of our source codes are publicly available at https://github.com/dirge1/TERIME.

In the field of multi-modal language models, the majority of methods are built on an architecture similar to LLaVA. These models use a single-layer ViT feature as a visual prompt, directly feeding it into the language models alongside textual tokens. However, when dealing with long sequences of visual signals or inputs such as videos, the self-attention mechanism of language models can lead to significant computational overhead. Additionally, using single-layer ViT features makes it challenging for large language models to perceive visual signals fully. This paper proposes an efficient multi-modal language model to minimize computational costs while enabling the model to perceive visual signals as comprehensively as possible. Our method primarily includes: (1) employing cross-attention to image-text interaction similar to Flamingo. (2) utilize hierarchical ViT features. (3) introduce the Mixture of Experts (MoE) mechanism to enhance model effectiveness. Our model achieves competitive scores on public multi-modal benchmarks and performs well in tasks such as image captioning and video captioning.

Interleaved image-text generation has emerged as a crucial multimodal task, aiming at creating sequences of interleaved visual and textual content given a query. Despite notable advancements in recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs), generating integrated image-text sequences that exhibit narrative coherence and entity and style consistency remains challenging due to poor training data quality. To address this gap, we introduce CoMM, a high-quality Coherent interleaved image-text MultiModal dataset designed to enhance the coherence, consistency, and alignment of generated multimodal content. Initially, CoMM harnesses raw data from diverse sources, focusing on instructional content and visual storytelling, establishing a foundation for coherent and consistent content. To further refine the data quality, we devise a multi-perspective filter strategy that leverages advanced pre-trained models to ensure the development of sentences, consistency of inserted images, and semantic alignment between them. Various quality evaluation metrics are designed to prove the high quality of the filtered dataset. Meanwhile, extensive few-shot experiments on various downstream tasks demonstrate CoMM's effectiveness in significantly enhancing the in-context learning capabilities of MLLMs. Moreover, we propose four new tasks to evaluate MLLMs' interleaved generation abilities, supported by a comprehensive evaluation framework. We believe CoMM opens a new avenue for advanced MLLMs with superior multimodal in-context learning and understanding ability., Comment: 22 pages

Pole-skipping refers to the special phenomenon that the pole and the zero of a retarded two-point Green's function coincide at certain points in momentum space. We study the pole-skipping phenomenon in holographic Green's functions of boundary operators that are dual to massive $p$-form fields and the dRGT massive gravitational fields in the AdS black hole background. Pole-skipping points for these systems are computed using the near horizon method. The relation between the pole-skipping points of massive fields and their massless counterparts is revealed. In particular, as the field mass $m$ is varied from zero to non-zero, the pole-skipping phenomenon undergoes an abrupt change with doubled pole-skipping points found in the massive case. This arises from the breaking of gauge invariance due to the mass term and the consequent appearance of more degrees of freedom. We recover the gauge invariance using the Stueckelberg formalism by introducing auxiliary dynamical fields. The extra pole-skipping points are identified to be associated with the Stueckelberg fields. We also observe that, as the mass varies, some pole-skipping points of the wave number $q$ may move from a non-physical region with complex $q$ to a physical region with real $q$., Comment: 50 pages, 1 figure

We investigate a new proposal connecting the geometry at various radial scales in asymptotic AdS spacetime with entanglement structure at corresponding real-space length scales of the boundary theory. With this proposal, the bulk IR geometry encodes the long-scale entanglement structure of the dual quantum system. We consider two distinct types of IR geometries, namely the spherical case and the hyperbolic case, which are intimately related to the physics of differential entropy and brane-world holography separately. We explore the corresponding change in the dual long-scale entanglement structures, utilizing the tools of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, conditional mutual information, and partial entanglement entropy. The results indicate that modifying the IR geometry leads to a redistribution of entanglement at scales longer than a critical length determined by the location of the IR region, with the two modified IR geometries corresponding to two opposite ways of redistribution. Furthermore, we establish the maximum amount of entanglement that can be modified, which is proportional to the area of the IR region., Comment: v2: minor typos corrected; added references

In this paper, we use a five-dimensional Einstein-dilaton-two-Maxwell holographic QCD model to investigate the dissociation effects of $J/\Psi$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$ states in an anisotropic medium by calculating their spectral functions. First, we present the holographic quarkonium masses at zero temperature via Physics-Informed Neural Networks. Then, at finite temperature, we derive the spectral functions, representing heavy vector mesons as peaks, and observe that with increasing anisotropy, temperature, chemical potential, and warp factor, the peak height diminishes while its width expands, indicating an accelerated dissociation process. Additionally, the results indicate the anisotropy induces a stronger dissociation effect in the direction parallel to the polarization compared to the perpendicular, revealing the anisotropy's directional influence.

In this paper, we derive the Carrollian amplitude in the framework of bulk reduction. The Carrollian amplitude is shown to relate to the scattering amplitude by a Fourier transform in this method. We propose Feynman rules to calculate the Carrollian amplitude where the Fourier transforms emerge as the integral representation of the external lines in the Carrollian space. Then we study the four-point Carrollian amplitude at loop level in massless $\Phi^4$ theory. As a consequence of Poincar\'e invariance, the four-point Carrollian amplitude can be transformed to the amplitude that only depends on the cross ratio $z$ of the celestial sphere and a variable $\chi$ invariant under translation. The four-point Carrollian amplitude is a polynomial of the two-point Carrollian amplitude whose argument is replaced with $\chi$. The coefficients of the polynomial have branch cuts in the complex $z$ plane. We also show that the renormalized Carrollian amplitude obeys the Callan-Symanzik equation. Moreover, we initiate a generalized $\Phi^4$ theory by designing the Feynman rules for more general Carrollian amplitude.

We propose a holographic dictionary which comes from reducing the bulk theories in an asymptotically flat spacetime to its null infinity. A general boundary theory is characterized by a fundamental field, an infinite tower of descendant fields, constraints among the fundamental field and its descendants as well as a symplectic form. For the Carrollian diffeomorphisms, we can construct the corresponding Hamiltonians which are also the fluxes from the bulk, and whose quantum operators realize this algebra with a divergent central charge. This central charge reflects the propagating degrees of freedom and can be regularized. For the spinning theory, we need a helicity flux operator to close the algebra which relates to the duality transformation., Comment: 8 pages

Dislocation slip and deformation twin are widely regarded as two important mechanisms of active competition in the process of plastic deformation. Calculating and comparing the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of two deformation modes are the key to discussing the mechanical properties reflected by different mechanisms in crystals. Here, the paper proposes a model to predict the CRSS of discrete twins, resembling thin layers, using the elastic anisotropy theory and a macroscopic energy perspective. In addition, the directionality of deformation twinning is also verified. We investigated twinning in FCC crystals to illustrate the methodology, and predicted the CRSS of twinning under different variables such as temperature and strain rate, both of which were in excellent agreement with experimental and other theory results. It draws the conclusion that we can promote twinning nucleation by applying shear stress along the <112> direction to reduce the interface energy as a resistance term and increase the difference in strain energy for twinning nucleation. This conclusion provides a guiding direction for exploring and accurately predicting the conditions of twinning in FCC crystals in future., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures