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This paper reverse-design phononic crystals with band gaps within a targeted frequency band using the trained conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) and further studies the vibro-acoustic characteristics of a composite sandwich plate with a phononic crystal panel as the core layer. Firstly, a matrix composed of 0 s and 1 s, representing scatterers and substrates, is randomly generated by MATLAB to represent two-dimensional phononic crystals. The three-dimensional phononic crystals are obtained by stretching the two-dimensional phononic crystals along the average direction, and COMSOL Multiphysics is used to calculate the band gap. In order to maximize the production of phononic crystals with a band gap distribution, the convolutional neural network is trained to predict whether the generated phononic crystals have band gaps. Finally, using data on the structures of phononic crystals and their band gap distributions, the CVAE is trained to achieve the reverse design of artificial periodic structures based on the target band gap. To verify the effectiveness of the structures obtained through the reverse design method on vibration and noise reduction, the submerged vibro-acoustic characteristics of a composite sandwich plate are studied. The plate consists of a phononic crystal panel and carbon fiber panels. The model of the composite sandwich plate is fabricated, and its submerged vibro-acoustic characteristics are tested and compared with numerical results. Finally, the submerged vibro-acoustic response levels of composite sandwich plates with phononic crystal panels and honeycomb panels as core layers are compared using numerical methods. This comparison assesses the phononic crystal panel's vibration and noise reduction effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diet is a well-known determinant of mental health outcomes. However, epidemiologic evidence on salt consumption with the risk of developing depression and anxiety is still very limited. This study aimed to examine the association between adding salt to foods and incident depression and anxiety longitudinally. Methods: This study used data from 444,787 adults who had never been diagnosed with depression or anxiety at baseline from the UK Biobank, a national community-based cohort from 2006 to 2010. Adding salt to foods was measured using a four-point Likert scale at baseline from a touch-screen questionnaire. The outcomes were incidents of diagnosed depression (F32-F33) and anxiety (F40-F48), defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between the frequency of adding salt to foods and incident depression and anxiety. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 14.5 years, 16,319 incidents of depression and 18,959 incidents of anxiety were documented. A higher frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with elevated risk for depression and anxiety. Compared with the group of never/rarely adding salt to foods, the adjusted HRs of incident depression were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02–1.12), 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10–1.26), and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.18–1.41) across the groups of sometimes, usually, and always, respectively (P trend < 0.001). Participants who reported always adding salt to foods had a 1.17-fold higher risk for developing anxiety (95% CI: 1.07–1.28) compared with those who never/rarely added salt to foods. Conclusions: A higher frequency of adding salt to foods was independently associated with a higher hazard of depression and anxiety. Interventions such as public awareness campaigns promoting reduced salt consumption may be promising preventative measures to reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (P-HIPEC) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC) after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Additionally, it explores how the frequency and timing of P-HIPEC influence treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 227 patients with locally AGC who underwent laparoscopic surgery at Maoming People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were stratified into the HIPEC group (n=101) and the non-HIPEC group (n=126), based on whether they received postoperative P-HIPEC. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for baseline characteristics, facilitating a comparative analysis of survival outcomes, postoperative complications and recurrence patterns. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. Furthermore, the impact of varying P-HIPEC frequencies and initiation timings was evaluated. Results: No significant differences in overall survival (OS) or postoperative complication rates were observed between the two groups in the original and PSM cohorts. But the disease-free survival (DFS) of the HIPEC group was significantly higher than that of the non-HIPEC group (HR 0.569; 95% CI 0.362–0.894; p = 0.013) in the PSM cohort, with 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year DFS rates showing notable improvement (77.9% vs. 69.7%, 60.1% vs. 43.0%, and 46.2% vs. 25.5%). The incidence of isolated peritoneal metastasis (PM) was significantly lower in the HIPEC group (5.3% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.039). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified P-HIPEC as an independent protective factor for DFS. Further analysis indicated that neither the number of P-HIPEC sessions had a significant impact on OS (p = 0.388) or DFS (p = 0.735), nor did the timing of P-HIPEC initiation affect OS (p = 0.620) or DFS (p = 0.488). Likewise, different P-HIPEC frequencies or initiation timings had no significant impact on postoperative complication rates or recurrence patterns. Conclusion: P-HIPEC effectively reduces the risk of postoperative PM and improves DFS in patients with locally AGC without increasing postoperative complications. However, it does not significantly impact OS. Additionally, variations in the frequency and timing of P-HIPEC initiation do not significantly affect survival outcomes, postoperative complications, or recurrence patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin-Walled Structures (TWS) play a crucial role in enhancing both the collision safety and lightweight characteristics of vehicles. Structural design and optimization have demonstrated significant potential in improving their crashworthiness and overall weight reduction. Several interconnected factors, including the cross-sectional shape and parameters of distinctive structural characteristics (known as induction grooves), impact the TWS' resistance to collisions. Another critical aspect in the optimization of TWS design is striking the delicate balance between the surrogate model's effectiveness and precision. Taking all these factors into account, this paper conducts an in-depth investigation into the cross-sectional shape, grooves, and other geometric attributes of various TWSs through a comparative analysis. It reveals that the thin-walled structure with a Double-Ribbed Rectangle cross-section (DR-TWS) proves to be the optimal choice, particularly in low-speed axial impact scenarios. Furthermore, we present an enhanced Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) method, augmented with an adaptive T -distribution Sparrow Search Algorithm (TSSA), referred to as the TSSA-LSSVM surrogate model. The optimized design of the DR-TWS is realized through the integration of the TSSA-LSSVM surrogate model with the adaptive hybrid multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AHMOPSO) algorithm. This paper not only provides substantial theoretical support but also offers valuable guidelines for the application of TWSs in the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic skyrmions, as topological spin textures, offer great potential for next-generation spintronic applications. Skyrmions in artificially synthesized antiferromagnets (SAFs) are particularly promising due to their ability to suppress the skyrmion Hall effect and achieve faster dynamics, making them highly attractive for spintronic devices. However, the critical current density required to drive SAF skyrmions using spin-transfer torque is significantly higher than in conventional ferromagnetic systems. In this work, we analytically and numerically demonstrate that the critical current density for SAF skyrmions can be significantly reduced by applying distinct currents to different layers within the system. This approach can be applied to periodically pinned skyrmions in SAFs, offering the dual benefits of a suppressed Hall effect and a reduced critical current density. Our findings pave the way for more efficient manipulation of SAF skyrmions in spintronic device architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada has experienced more-intense and longer fire seasons with more-frequent uncontrollable wildfires over the past decades. However, the effect of these changes remains unknown. This study identifies driving forces of burn severity and estimates its spatiotemporal variations in Canadian forests. Our results show that fuel aridity was the most influential driver of burn severity, summer months were more prone to severe burning, and the northern areas were most influenced by the changing climate. About 6% (0.54 to 14.64%) of the modeled areas show significant increases in the number of days conducive to high-severity burning during 1981 to 2020, most of which were found during 2001 to 2020 and in the spring and autumn. The extraordinary 2023 fire season demonstrated similar spatial patterns but more-widespread escalations in burn severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issue of user empathy throughout the emotional experience process, this study presents a method to evaluate the efficacy of cultural empathy evoked based on fuzzy-FMEA. The method focuses on symbolic culture and creative products, constructing an evaluation index system and decision-making framework in terms of cultural empathic evoking. It utilizes thematic analysis to discover and categorize the factors that influence cultural empathy, as well as an evaluation index system to improve the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis framework. It effectively solves the limitations of traditional FMEA, such as single weighting and uncertainty. According to the assessment report, cognitive association failure and scenario restoration failure are significant risk factors for cultural empathy-evoking failure. This study's findings provide designers with realistic proposals for thematic symbolic imagery and serialized design forms, as well as scientific assessment tools and decision-making resources for cultural industries and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates the influence of nonfinancial 8-K disclosures released during the earnings announcement window on the abnormal trading activities of individual investors. Design/methodology/approach: We employ regression analysis in this empirical study to examine the impact of nonfinancial 8-K filings on individual investors' abnormal trading activities. Findings: Our results reveal that individual investors exhibit higher levels of abnormal trading activities when firms release nonfinancial 8-Ks during the (0,1) window of earnings announcements. This effect is observed for both buyer-initiated and seller-initiated transactions and is particularly pronounced for firms reporting an operating loss. Negative sentiment in 8-Ks significantly intensifies such effect. Additionally, we find that buy-sell consensus increases significantly with concurrent nonfinancial 8-Ks. This suggests that 8-Ks may reduce information noise, leading individuals to trade with greater conviction. Originality/value: Our study examines the joint influence of nonfinancial 8-Ks and earnings announcements on individual investors' trading activities, thereby providing a novel perspective on the mechanisms through which 8-K filings affect individual investors' trading behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The functional connectivity (FC) has emerged as a valuable tool for comprehending the cerebral operational mechanism. Understanding the FC changes in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) helps reveal the underlying central nervous system mechanisms of the disease and provides clues for developing personalized treatment plans. Objectives: To explore differences between low‐ and high‐order FC in patients with CAI and healthy controls, as well as the correlation among the feature connections and clinical data. Methods: In our study, we recruited 40 patients with CAI and 42 healthy individuals who had not experienced ankle injuries. All participants underwent clinical assessments of ankle joints, collected the number of ankle sprains within the past 6 months, and performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) scans. Pearson correlation and matrix variate normal distribution (MVND) were used to construct low‐order and high‐order FC networks, respectively. Feature selections between groups were performed by two‐sample t‐tests, and a multi‐kernel support vector machine (MK‐SVM) was subsequently applied to combine the multiple connection patterns for the classification. Using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) to assess classification performance and identify the consensus connections contributing most to classification. Results: FC was reduced in certain brain regions of CAI patients. More consensus connections were recognized in low‐order FC network than in high‐order FC network. The highest classification accuracy of 91.30% was achieved by combining three connection patterns. The most discriminating functional connections were primarily centered on the default mode network and spanned the visual network, sensorimotor network, ventral attention network, and central executive network. In addition, FC strength in the left cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (DCG.L) and right superior temporal gyrus (STG.R) was negatively correlated with the number of ankle sprains in the past 6 months in all FC networks (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Abnormalities in connectivity in patients with CAI were observed in both low‐ and high‐order FC networks. The adaptive changes in the brain related to CAI may extend beyond the sensorimotor networks, primarily involving higher‐level default mode networks associated with attention. Moreover, the FC strength between DCG.L and STG.R may predict the risk of ankle re‐sprains and help clinicians develop personalized treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The angiographic features of moyamoya disease (MMD) and atherosclerosis‐associated moyamoya vasculopathy (AS‐MMV) are similar, but the etiology and clinical treatment strategies are different. Differentiating MMD from AS‐MMV helps to choose the appropriate treatment. Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of a nomogram based on high‐resolution vessel wall (HR‐VWI) MRI features to differentiate MMD from AS‐MMV. Study Type: Retrospective. Subjects: One hundred and two patients with MMD (N = 52) or AS‐MMV (N = 50) in the training cohort (9–72 years; 54 females) and 70 patients with MMD (N = 42) or AS‐MMV (N = 28) in the validation cohort (7–69 years; 33 females). Field Strength/Sequence: 3‐T, three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight MR angiography (3D‐TOF‐MRA), spin echo high‐resolution 3D T1‐weighted imaging (3D‐T1WI), 3D T2‐weighted imaging (3D‐T2WI), and contrast‐enhanced 3D‐T1WI. Assessment: Image assessment was performed by three neuroradiologists (with 10, 15, and 18 years of experience). Demographic characteristic and image features were evaluated and compared. Independent factors of MMD were screened to construct a nomogram model in the training cohort. The validation cohort was used to validated its generality. Statistical Tests: Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), kappa, t‐test, χ2 test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and concordance index (C‐index). A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant differences were observed between MMD and AS‐MMV in terms of age, vessel outer diameter, vessel wall thickening pattern, maximum thickness, dot sign, and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) involved. Age, outer diameter, dot sign, and ACA involved were independent factors. The C‐index was 0.886 in the training cohort and 0.859 in the validation cohort. The ROC demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy with an AUC of 0.884 in the training cohort and 0.857 in the validation cohort. Data Conclusion: A nomogram model based on age, vessel outer diameter, dot sign and ACA involved may effectively distinguish MMD from AS‐MMV with good reliability and accuracy. Evidence Level: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare, benign tumors, predominantly affecting the vertebrae, calvarium and other bones. These lesions, although slow progressing, can lead to complications such as visual disturbances and structural deformities. Standard management includes surgical interventions and more recently, advanced radiation therapies such as proton beam therapy (PBT) have been explored due to their precision and minimized damage to surrounding tissues. The current study presents a compelling case of a 10-year-old female patent diagnosed with a giant calvarial hemangioma located at the cranio-orbital junction. Although it was initially managed with surgery and chemotherapy, the tumor recurred. Given the recurrence and proximity to critical structures, PBT was employed. The treatment was administered over 28 fractions, with a total dose of 50.4 Gy. The patient exhibited good tolerance to the treatment, experiencing only minor acute side effects such as hair loss and skin pigmentation. At 14 months post-PBT, a marked reduction in tumor size was revealed with no further progression, indicating effective local control of the hemangioma. In addition, the side effects had improved markedly, highlighting the long-term benefits and efficacy of PBT in managing this challenging case. This is the first case in which PBT has been used to manage a calvarial hemangioma in children to the best of the authors' knowledge. The current case highlights the potential of PBT in treating complex intraosseous hemangiomas where conventional therapies are ineffective. Further research into long-term outcomes is necessary to establish PBT as a crucial approach for similar cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute rejection (AR) is one of the significant factors contributing to poor prognosis in patients following kidney transplantation. Neutrophils are the main cause of early host-induced tissue injury. This paper intends to investigate the possible mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in acute rejection in renal transplantation. Methods: Samples were analyzed for their relationship with immune cells using CIBERSORT. WGCNA was used to identify modules with high relevance to neutrophils and hub genes in the modules were extracted. The effect on neutrophil function after blocking formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) was tested in vitro experiments. The effects of blocking FPR1 on neutrophil function as well as acute rejection were tested in vivo after constructing a mouse kidney transplant model. Results: The proportion of neutrophils was higher in the AR group than in the non-rejection group, and FPR1 was identified as an important gene in the regulation of acute rejection in kidney transplantation by neutrophils. At the cellular level, blocking FPR1 inhibited the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, decreased ferrous ion content, affected the expression of iron metabolism-related proteins, and suppressed the formation of NETs. In the acute rejection model of renal transplantation, blockade of FPR1 decreased graft neutrophil infiltration and NETs content. Meanwhile, blocking FPR1 attenuated graft injury during acute rejection. Conclusion: This study found that FPR1 might be an important molecule involved in neutrophils during acute rejection of kidney transplantation, explored the relationship between kidney transplantation and neutrophils, and provided potential treatment methods for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline is often used in treating various diseases or infections, which also leads to severe environmental threats due to its toxicity, durability, and low biodegradation. Meanwhile, although ultrasound (US)-assisted activation of persulfate (PS) is a promising technology for water and wastewater treatment, its reaction mechanism is still not well-defined. Herein, we explored the effect of the enhanced mechanism of ultrasonic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) on the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The findings revealed that the US/PMS system was highly effective in degrading TCH, achieving an 83.2% degradation efficiency for a TCH concentration of 10 mg/L within 3 h. Moreover, the combination of radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the generation of different types of reactive radicals (such as sulfate radical (SO4•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anions (•O2−), and singlet oxygen (1O2)) upon PMS activation under ultrasonic cavitation. Thus, US-assisted activation of persulfate is a more promising strategy for efficient removal of refractory organic contaminants in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cardiac fibrosis, a key contributor to ventricular pathologic remodeling and heart failure, currently lacks effective therapeutic approaches., Patients and Methods: Small extracellular vesicles from young healthy human plasma (Young-sEVs) were characterized via protein marker, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis, then applied in cellular models and mouse models of cardiac fibrosis. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to identify protective signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs)., Results: Young-sEVs significantly inhibited cardiac fibrosis and subsequent cardiac dysfunction post-myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. The main findings included that echocardiographic assessments four weeks post-MI indicated that Young-sEVs improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS), and reduced left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs). Treatment with Young-sEVs also decreased Masson-positive fibroblast areas and collagen synthesis in cardiac tissue. However, sEVs from the old control group did not achieve the above effect. Consistent with in vivo results, Young-sEVs could also inhibit the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of CFs in the TGF-β1-induced cellular fibrosis model. High-throughput microRNA (miRNA) sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-664a-3p was abundant in Young-sEVs. The high expression of miR-664a-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of TGF-β1-induced CFs. However, suppressing the expression of miR-664a-3p in Young-sEVs eliminated their therapeutic effect on cardiac fibrosis in mice. Further studies confirmed SMAD4 as a direct downstream target of miR-664a-3p, whose overexpression could reverse the anti-fibrotic effects of miR-664a-3p., Conclusion: In summary, these findings firstly revealed that Young-sEVs could directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of SMAD4 mRNA through miR-664a-3p, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway to protect heart from fibrosis and improve cardiac function. Considering the ease of obtaining plasma-derived sEVs, our study offers a promising therapeutic strategy for heart failure, with the potential for rapid clinical translation in the near future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work., (© 2025 Wang et al.)

Current perioperative nutrition management is discouraging due to the under-recognition of clinical nutrition and the lagging development of clinical nutriology. This review aimed to identify and explore epidemiology, related adverse outcomes, controversies, and dilemmas of perioperative nutritional risk/malnutrition to call for further development of perioperative nutritional medicine. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Chongqing VIP Database were searched for articles published between January 1, 2014 and August 31, 2024 using the following MeSH terms: ("nutritional risk"[Title/Abstract] OR "malnutrition"[Title/Abstract] OR "undernutrition"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("surgery"[Title/Abstract] OR "surgical"[Title/Abstract] OR "operative"[Title/Abstract] OR "operation"[Title/Abstract]). The incidence of nutritional risk was in the 20% range in patients undergoing elective surgery, 54% in older adults, 44-70% in patients with tumors or major elective surgeries, and 50-55% in children. The incidence of malnutrition ranged from 11-77% in surgical patients. Nutrition-related perioperative adverse events included mainly infection, wound healing disorders, reoperation and unplanned readmission, prolonged hospital stay, mortality, perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction, and venous thrombosis. Current controversies and dilemmas in this field include the low rates of nutrition screening and medical nutrition therapy, numerous nutrition screening tools and malnutrition diagnostic criteria, no consensus on optimal assessment method, low level of evidence-based clinical nutrition research and lack of in-depth mechanistic studies, inconsistent timing of nutrition assessment, lack of reports for community hospitals, small hospitals, and low/middle-income countries or regions, and under-recognition of micronutrient malnutrition. It is, therefore, necessary for perioperative patients to undergo nutritional screening at the first outpatient visit before surgery and/or on admission. Perioperative nutritional management needs urgent attention and requires a multidisciplinary team, including anesthesia, nursing, nutrition, and surgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare they have no competing interests in this work., (© 2025 He et al.)

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNA and is also present in various viral RNAs, where it plays a crucial role in regulating the viral life cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms through which viruses regulate host RNA m6A methylation are not fully understood. In this study, we reveal that SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 infection enhance host m6A modification by activating the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Specifically, the viral non-structural protein nsp14 upregulates the expression of S-adenosylmethionine synthase MAT2A in an mTORC1-dependent manner. This mTORC1-MAT2A axis subsequently stimulates the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The increase of SAM then enhances the m6A methylation of host RNA and facilitates viral replication. Our findings uncover a molecular mechanism by which viruses regulate host m6A methylation and provide insights into how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host cellular epitranscriptomic modifications to promote its replication.

Background: Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) remains is an important cause of treatment failure in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). ADAR1, as a member of the ADAR family, plays an important role in cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. However, the mechanism by which ADAR1 regulates GBM progression and TMZ resistance is still unclear., Methods: We first constructed stable transfected strains in which ADAR1 was knocked down and overexpressed to investigate the effect of ADAR1 on the first-line glioma chemotherapy drug TMZ. Subsequently, we validated that ADAR1 induces autophagy activation and used autophagy inhibitors to suppress autophagy, demonstrating that ADAR1 enhances TMZ resistance through autophagy. We further knocked down p62 (SQSTM1) based on the overexpression of ADAR1, and the results showed that ADAR1 regulates selective autophagy through the p62 regulation. Finally, we demonstrated through mutations at both edited and nonedited sites that ADAR1 regulates selective autophagy in an edited dependent way., Results: Further analysis showed that in the presence of TMZ, elevated ADAR1 promoted TMZ induced autophagy activation. Further research revealed that ADAR1 enhances TMZ resistance through p62-mediated selective autophagy. Further, ADAR1 regulates selective autophagy in an edited dependent way. Our results indicate a relationship between ADAR1 levels and the response of glioma patients to TMZ treatment., Conclusions: We found that the expression of ADAR1 is upregulated in GBM and is associated with tumor grade and TMZ resistance. Elevated expression of ADAR1 predicts poor prognosis in GBM patients and promotes tumor growth in vivo or in vitro., (© 2025 The Author(s). CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a third-generation 3.5 GeV synchrotron facility located on the Chinese mainland, operational for user applications since 2009. With the completion of its Phase II project this year, SSRF now supports over 40 experimental stations across various research fields. For the structural biology community, there are three macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines (BL02U1, BL17UM and BL10U2) and one endstation at the white X-ray beamline (BL03HB) managed by SSRF to meet the needs of both academic and industrial users seeking to determine macromolecular crystal structures. The MX group at SSRF is dedicated to continuously upgrading these beamlines in terms of technology and scientific capabilities. This paper reports on the current status of all the MX beamlines at SSRF and discusses emerging trends., (open access.)

Mechanism-based metamaterials, comprising rigid elements interconnected by flexible hinges, possess the potential to develop intelligent micromachines with programmable motility and morphology. However, the absence of efficient microactuators has constrained the ability to achieve multimodal locomotion and active shape-morphing behaviors at the micro and nanoscale. In this study, inspiration from the flight mechanisms of tiny insects is drawn to develop a biomimetic microhinged actuator by integrating compliant mechanisms with soft hydrogel muscle. A Pseudo-Rigid-Body mechanical model is introduced to analyze structural deformation, demonstrating that this hydrogel-based microactuator can undergo significant folding while maintaining high structural stiffness. Furthermore, multiple microhinged actuators are combined to facilitate folding in multiple degrees of freedom and arbitrary directions. Fabricated by a multi-step four-dimensional (4D) direct laser writing technique, the microhinged actuators are integrated into 2D and 3D metamaterials enabling programable shape morphing. Additionally, micro-kirigami with photonic structures is demonstrated to show the pattern transforming actuated by the microhinges. This bioinspired design approach opens new avenues for the development of active mechanism-based metamaterials capable of intricate shape-morphing behaviors., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)