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Metal oxide nanostructures with single-atomic heteroatom incorporation are of interest for many applications. However, a universal and scalable synthesis approach with high heteroatom concentrations represents a formidable challenge, primarily due to the pronounced structural disparities between Mhetero-O and Msub-O units. Here, focusing on TiO2 as the exemplified substrate, we present a diethylene glycol-assisted synthetic platform tailored for the controlled preparation of a library of M1-TiO2 nanostructures, encompassing 15 distinct unary M1-TiO2 nanostructures, along with two types of binary and ternary composites. Our approach capitalizes on the unique properties of diethylene glycol, affording precise kinetic control by passivating the hydrolytic activity of heteroatom and simultaneously achieving thermodynamic control by introducing short-range order structures to dissipate the free energy associated with heteroatom incorporation. The M1-TiO2 nanostructures, characterized by distinctive and abundant M-O-Ti units on the surface, exhibit high efficiency in photochromic photothermal catalysis toward recycling waste polyesters. This universal synthetic platform contributes to the preparation of materials with broad applicability and significance across catalysis, energy conversion, and biomedicine.

Background Overweight, obesity, and central obesity have become significant public health issues globally, affecting the well-being of residents. Analyzing the prevalence trends of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among residents in Shanxi Province can provide valuable scientific insights for the prevention and control of related diseases. Objective To analyze the prevalence and trends of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among adults aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province between 2010 and 2018. Methods The survey data of adults aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province were collected during four rounds of the China Chronic Disease Surveillance project from August 2010 to November 2018 (in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018) to calculate the rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among adults aged 20 and above in different years, and analyze the prevalence trends of overweight, obesity and central obesity for different characteristics of the study subjects. Results From 2010 to 2018, the overall crude rates and age- and gender-standardized rates of overweight among adults aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province ranged from 37.7% to 40.1% and 36.1% to 39.6%, respectively, with no significant upward trend (Z=0.005, 2.413; P=0.942, 0.120). The overall standardized obesity rate, overall crude rate of central obesity and the standardized rate central of obesity increased from 17.2%, 53.8%, and 52.4% in 2010 to 20.0%, 61.6%, and 60.2% in 2018, respectively (Z=8.100, 10.994, 12.218; P0.05) ; the standardized overweight rate for males was higher than that for females (χ2=4.259, P0.05) ; the overall obesity rate, male obesity rate, and both male and female central obesity rates in the age group of 20-39 years old showed an upward trend during the 8-year period (P0.05). There was also no significant difference in the trends of these rates between different genders and regions (P>0.05) . Conclusion From 2010 to 2018, the overweight rate among residents aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province remained stable, while the overall trends for obesity and central obesity rates showed an increasing trend. The prevention and control of obesity and central obesity should focus on the population aged 20-39 years to slow down the growth rate. For residents aged 40 and above, as well as urban residents, targeted prevention strategies should be implemented, so as to control the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity.

Metal silicates (Zn, Mn, Ni and Co) were synthesized from natural green algae (GAs) as supercapacitor electrodes. In this study, a multi-step treatment with two kinds of porogens was used to produce a larger specific surface area and more abundant hierarchical pores. Firstly, GAs were treated with 1.0 M NaCl solution to prepare large pores. Secondly, metal silicates were synthesized from GAs using a hydrothermal reaction. Lastly, the as-synthesized samples were soaked in 3.0 M NaOH solution to obtain the products (m-C-MSi, M = Zn, Mn, Ni and Co). Compared with the composites without multi-step treatment, the synthetic materials in this research possess excellent electrochemical properties both as electrodes and as HSCs. This work proved that the multi-step treatment with porogens is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of metal-silicate supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorbate‐mediated strong metal‐support interaction (A‐SMSI) offers a reversible means of altering the selectivity of supported metal catalysts, thereby providing a powerful tool for facile modulation of catalytic performance. However, the fundamental understanding of A‐SMSI remains inadequate and methods for tuning A‐SMSI are still in their nascent stages, impeding its stabilization under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the initial concentration of oxygen vacancy in oxide supports plays a key role in tuning the A‐SMSI between Ru nanoparticles and defected titania (TiO2‐x). Based on this new understanding, we demonstrate the in situ formation of A‐SMSI under reaction conditions, obviating the typically required CO2‐rich pretreatment. The as‐formed A‐SMSI layer exhibits remarkable stability at various temperatures, enabling excellent activity, selectivity and long‐term stability in catalyzing the reverse water gas‐shift reaction. This study deepens the understanding of the A‐SMSI and the ability to stabilize A‐SMSI under reaction conditions represents a key step for practical catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorbate‐mediated strong metal‐support interaction (A‐SMSI) offers a reversible means of altering the selectivity of supported metal catalysts, thereby providing a powerful tool for facile modulation of catalytic performance. However, the fundamental understanding of A‐SMSI remains inadequate and methods for tuning A‐SMSI are still in their nascent stages, impeding its stabilization under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the initial concentration of oxygen vacancy in oxide supports plays a key role in tuning the A‐SMSI between Ru nanoparticles and defected titania (TiO2‐x). Based on this new understanding, we demonstrate the in situ formation of A‐SMSI under reaction conditions, obviating the typically required CO2‐rich pretreatment. The as‐formed A‐SMSI layer exhibits remarkable stability at various temperatures, enabling excellent activity, selectivity and long‐term stability in catalyzing the reverse water gas‐shift reaction. This study deepens the understanding of the A‐SMSI and the ability to stabilize A‐SMSI under reaction conditions represents a key step for practical catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their advantages of higher energy density, low cost and environmental friendliness. Among the commonly used cathode materials for zinc ion batteries, vanadium-based composites have a promising research prospect due to their multiple valence states (V5+, V1+, V3+, V2+) and different structural features, which provide high specific capacity when playing the role of cathode materials for zinc ion batteries. However, vanadium-based composites are limited in the application of zinc-ion batteries due to poor cycling stability and low electrical conductivity. To address this issue, nanoparticles with a larger specific surface area than commercial vanadium pentoxide (V2O3) were prepared in this study using a simple hydrothermal method. Such V2O5 nanoparticles as cathode materials for zinc ion batteries provide an excellent specific capacity of 364 mAh/g at lower current densities and exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 156 mAh/g at high current densities. After 200 cycles, its capacity can still maintain 85% of the initial capacity, not only provide better cycling stability than commercial V2O5, but also possess higher specific capacity. Based on its simple preparation method and good electrochemical stability, the nanoparticles demonstrate potential applications in negative electrode materials for zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorbate‐mediated strong metal‐support interaction (A‐SMSI) offers a reversible means of altering the selectivity of supported metal catalysts, thereby providing a powerful tool for facile modulation of catalytic performance. However, the fundamental understanding of A‐SMSI remains inadequate and methods for tuning A‐SMSI are still in their nascent stages, impeding its stabilization under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the initial concentration of oxygen vacancy in oxide supports plays a key role in tuning the A‐SMSI between Ru nanoparticles and defected titania (TiO2‐x). Based on this new understanding, we demonstrate the in situ formation of A‐SMSI under reaction conditions, obviating the typically required CO2‐rich pretreatment. The as‐formed A‐SMSI layer exhibits remarkable stability at various temperatures, enabling excellent activity, selectivity and long‐term stability in catalyzing the reverse water gas‐shift reaction. This study deepens the understanding of the A‐SMSI and the ability to stabilize A‐SMSI under reaction conditions represents a key step for practical catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorbate‐mediated strong metal‐support interaction (A‐SMSI) offers a reversible means of altering the selectivity of supported metal catalysts, thereby providing a powerful tool for facile modulation of catalytic performance. However, the fundamental understanding of A‐SMSI remains inadequate and methods for tuning A‐SMSI are still in their nascent stages, impeding its stabilization under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the initial concentration of oxygen vacancy in oxide supports plays a key role in tuning the A‐SMSI between Ru nanoparticles and defected titania (TiO2‐x). Based on this new understanding, we demonstrate the in situ formation of A‐SMSI under reaction conditions, obviating the typically required CO2‐rich pretreatment. The as‐formed A‐SMSI layer exhibits remarkable stability at various temperatures, enabling excellent activity, selectivity and long‐term stability in catalyzing the reverse water gas‐shift reaction. This study deepens the understanding of the A‐SMSI and the ability to stabilize A‐SMSI under reaction conditions represents a key step for practical catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Mo 2 C and earth-abundant 3d transition metals are regarded as potential catalysts to replace noble metal catalysts for effective hydrogen evolution reaction, their large-scale application is still inhibited by their own defects. Here, a facile thermal treatment method for nonprecious metal catalysts is developed to prepare a porous Ni/Mo 2 C composite catalyst. The loading density of Ni nanoparticles on the Mo 2 C surface has an important effect on the activity of the catalyst. By optimizing the Ni doping ratio, the Ni-40/Mo 2 C-17 sample exhibits the lowest onset overpotential and lowest overpotential at 10 mA cm -2 in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes, compared to other reported Ni- and Mo 2 C-based catalysts. In addition, theoretical calculations have also confirmed the synergistic effect between Ni nanoparticles and Mo 2 C, which can balance the thermodynamics between H adsorption and desorption of H 2 . This work provides an avenue for designing high-performance water-splitting catalytic materials using low-cost species, which exhibit excellent HER activity in a wide pH range.

Background: The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Yangquan, China, has taken a series of preventive and control measures in response to the increasing trend of Kala-Azar. In response, we propose a new model to more scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions., Methods: We obtained the incidence data of Kala-Azar from 2017 to 2021 from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Yangquan. We constructed Poisson segmented regression model, harmonic Poisson segmental regression model, and improved harmonic Poisson segmented regression model, and used the three models to explain the intervention effect, respectively. Finally, we selected the optimal model by comparing the fitting effects of the three models., Results: The primary analysis showed an underlying upward trend of Kala-Azar before intervention [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.045, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.027-1.063, p  < 0.001]. In terms of long-term effects, the rise of Kala-Azar slowed down significantly after the intervention (IRR:0.960, 95%CI:0.927-0.995, p  = 0.026), and the risk of Kala-Azar increased by 0.3% for each additional month after intervention ( β 1  +  β 3  = 0.003, IRR = 1.003). The results of the model fitting effect showed that the improved harmonic Poisson segmental regression model had the best fitting effect, and the values of MSE, MAE, and RMSE were the lowest, which were 0.017, 0.101, and 0.130, respectively., Conclusion: In the long term, the intervention measures taken by the Yangquan CDC can well curb the upward trend of Kala-Azar. The improved harmonic Poisson segmented regression model has higher fitting performance, which can provide a certain scientific reference for the evaluation of the intervention effect of seasonal infectious diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Hao, Zhao, Zhang, Wu, Ren, Wang, Qiao, Cui and Qiu.)

The adsorbate-mediated strong metal-support interaction (A-SMSI) offers a reversible means of altering the selectivity of supported metal catalysts, thereby providing a powerful tool for facile modulation of catalytic performance. However, the fundamental understanding of A-SMSI remains inadequate and methods for tuning A-SMSI are still in their nascent stages, impeding its stabilization under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the initial concentration of oxygen vacancy in oxide supports plays a key role in tuning the A-SMSI between Ru nanoparticles and defected titania (TiO 2-x ). Based on this new understanding, we demonstrate the in situ formation of A-SMSI under reaction conditions, obviating the typically required CO 2 -rich pretreatment. The as-formed A-SMSI layer exhibits remarkable stability at various temperatures, enabling excellent activity, selectivity and long-term stability in catalyzing the reverse water gas-shift reaction. This study deepens the understanding of the A-SMSI and the ability to stabilize A-SMSI under reaction conditions represents a key step for practical catalytic applications., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The abnormality of the p53 tumor suppressor is crucial in lung cancer development, because p53 regulates target gene promoters to combat cancer. Recent studies have shown extensive p53 binding to enhancer elements. However, whether p53 exerts a tumor suppressor role by shaping the enhancer landscape remains poorly understood. In the current study, we employed several functional genomics approaches to assess the enhancer activity at p53 binding sites throughout the genome based on our established TP53 knockout (KO) human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). A total of 943 active regular enhancers and 370 super-enhancers (SEs) disappeared upon the deletion of p53, indicating that p53 modulates the activity of hundreds of enhancer elements. We found that one p53-dependent SE, located on chromosome 9 and designated as KLF4 -SE, regulated the expression of the Krüppel-like factor 4 ( KLF4 ) gene. Furthermore, the deletion of p53 significantly decreased the KLF4 -SE enhancer activity and the KLF4 expression, but increased colony formation ability in the nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced cell transformation model. Subsequently, in TP53 KO cells, the overexpression of KLF4 partially reversed the increased clonogenic capacity caused by p53 deficiency. Consistently, KLF4 expression also decreased in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. It appeared that overexpression of KLF4 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the regulation of enhancer formation and activity by p53 is an integral component of the p53 tumor suppressor function. Therefore, our findings offer some novel insights into the regulation mechanism of p53 in lung oncogenesis and introduce a new strategy for screening therapeutic targets.

Cancer risk loci provide special clues for uncovering pathogenesis of cancers. The TNFRSF19 gene located within the 13q12.12 lung cancer risk locus encodes TNF receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) protein and has been proved to be a key target gene of a lung tissue-specific tumor suppressive enhancer, but its functional role in lung cancer pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we showed that the TNFRSF19 gene could protect human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells from pulmonary carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced malignant transformation. Knockout of the TNFRSF19 significantly increased NNK-induced colony formation rate on soft agar. Moreover, TNFRSF19 expression was significantly reduced in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. Restoration of TNFRSF19 expression in A549 lung cancer cell line dramatically suppressed the tumor formation in xenograft mouse model. Interestingly, the TNFRSF19 protein that is an orphan membrane receptor could compete with LRP6 to bind Wnt3a, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is required for NNK-induced malignant transformation as indicated by protein pulldown, site mutation, and fluorescence energy resonance transfer experiments. Knockout of the TNFRSF19 enhanced LRP6-Wnt3a interaction, promoting β-catenin nucleus translocation and the downstream target gene expression, and thus sensitized the cells to NNK carcinogen. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the TNFRSF19 inhibited lung cancer carcinogenesis by competing with LRP6 to combine with Wnt3a to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway., Implications: These findings revealed a novel anti-lung cancer mechanism, highlighting the special significance of TNFRSF19 gene within the 13q12.12 risk locus in lung cancer pathogenesis., (©2023 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained considerable attention owing to their low cost and high safety, but dendrite growth, low plating/stripping efficiency, surface passivation, and self-erosion of the Zn metal anode are hindering their application. Herein, a one-step in situ molecular engineering strategy for the simultaneous construction of hierarchical MoS 2 double-layer nanotubes (MoS 2 -DLTs) with expanded layer-spacing, oxygen doping, structural defects, and an abundant 1T-phase is proposed, which are designed as an intercalation-type anode for "rocking-chair" AZIBs, avoiding the Zn anode issues and therefore displaying a long cycling life. Benefiting from the structural optimization and molecular engineering, the Zn 2+ diffusion efficiency and interface reaction kinetics of MoS 2 -DLTs are enhanced. When coupled with a homemade ZnMn 2 O 4 cathode, the assembled MoS 2 -DLTs//ZnMn 2 O 4 full battery exhibited impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 86.6% over 10 000 cycles under 1 A g -1 anode , outperforming most of the reported "rocking-chair" AZIBs. The Zn 2+ /H + cointercalation mechanism of MoS 2 -DLTs is investigated by synchrotron in situ powder X-ray diffraction and multiple ex situ characterizations. This research demonstrates the feasibility of MoS 2 for Zn-storage anodes that can be used to construct reliable aqueous full batteries.