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2. CliBench: A Multifaceted and Multigranular Evaluation of Large Language Models for Clinical Decision Making

Author

Ma, Mingyu Derek, Ye, Chenchen, Yan, Yu, Wang, Xiaoxuan, Ping, Peipei, Chang, Timothy S, and Wang, Wei

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially Large Language Models (LLMs), into the clinical diagnosis process offers significant potential to improve the efficiency and accessibility of medical care. While LLMs have shown some promise in the medical domain, their application in clinical diagnosis remains underexplored, especially in real-world clinical practice, where highly sophisticated, patient-specific decisions need to be made. Current evaluations of LLMs in this field are often narrow in scope, focusing on specific diseases or specialties and employing simplified diagnostic tasks. To bridge this gap, we introduce CliBench, a novel benchmark developed from the MIMIC IV dataset, offering a comprehensive and realistic assessment of LLMs' capabilities in clinical diagnosis. This benchmark not only covers diagnoses from a diverse range of medical cases across various specialties but also incorporates tasks of clinical significance: treatment procedure identification, lab test ordering and medication prescriptions. Supported by structured output ontologies, CliBench enables a precise and multi-granular evaluation, offering an in-depth understanding of LLM's capability on diverse clinical tasks of desired granularity. We conduct a zero-shot evaluation of leading LLMs to assess their proficiency in clinical decision-making. Our preliminary results shed light on the potential and limitations of current LLMs in clinical settings, providing valuable insights for future advancements in LLM-powered healthcare., Comment: Project page: https://clibench.github.io

Published
2024

4. IT Intrusion Detection Using Statistical Learning and Testbed Measurements

Author

Wang, Xiaoxuan and Stadler, Rolf

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

We study automated intrusion detection in an IT infrastructure, specifically the problem of identifying the start of an attack, the type of attack, and the sequence of actions an attacker takes, based on continuous measurements from the infrastructure. We apply statistical learning methods, including Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Random Forest Classifier (RFC) to map sequences of observations to sequences of predicted attack actions. In contrast to most related research, we have abundant data to train the models and evaluate their predictive power. The data comes from traces we generate on an in-house testbed where we run attacks against an emulated IT infrastructure. Central to our work is a machine-learning pipeline that maps measurements from a high-dimensional observation space to a space of low dimensionality or to a small set of observation symbols. Investigating intrusions in offline as well as online scenarios, we find that both HMM and LSTM can be effective in predicting attack start time, attack type, and attack actions. If sufficient training data is available, LSTM achieves higher prediction accuracy than HMM. HMM, on the other hand, requires less computational resources and less training data for effective prediction. Also, we find that the methods we study benefit from data produced by traditional intrusion detection systems like SNORT., Comment: A shortened version of this paper will appear in the conference proceedings of NOMS 2024 (IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium)

Published
2024

9. Meta-integration of Qualitative Studies of Hospital to Home Transition Experiences in Patients with Stroke

Author

JIANG Hu, WANG Xiaoxuan, ZHANG Zhenxiang, ZHAO Zhixin, MEI Yongxia, LIN Beilei, WANG Wenna

Subjects
stroke, transitional care, qualitative research, meta-integration, Medicine
Abstract

Background The incidence rate of stroke is high and the risk of recurrence is substantial. Most stroke patients need to transition to home after treatment, and the experience during this period is complex. Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively understand experiences and feelings of patients during hospital to home transition through Meta-integration. Objective To systematically evaluate qualitative studies on stroke patients' hospital to home transition experiences. Methods A computerized search was undertaken for qualitative studies on the hospital to home transition experience of stroke patients in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from inception to July 11, 2023. The quality of the final included literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research (2016), Australia, and the results were combined using a pooled integration approach. Results A total of 13 studies were included, and 46 findings were distilled and categorized into 7 categories, yielding three final integrative findings: dynamic changes in the physical and psychosocial dimensions have interactive effects; a strong need for holistic caregiving; and active coping with illness and gradual transition to a new life norm. Conclusion During the period of transition from hospital to home, stroke patients face complex physical and mental challenges as well as multi-level care needs. Healthcare providers should pay attention to the real experiences and unmet needs of stroke patients throughout the hospital to home transition, provide holistic and continuous care services, and facilitate the comprehensive physical, psychological and social transition for patients.

Published
2024
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11. Study on Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment by Vertical Flow Labyrinth (VFL) Process

Author

Wang, Weizhong, Wang, Xiaoxuan, Zhang, Ran, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Park, Ji Su, editor, Yang, Laurence T., editor, Pan, Yi, editor, and Park, James J., editor

Published
2024
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12. The Impact of Symphony Orchestras in STEM Universities on Higher Education Aesthetic Education: A Case Study of Hohai University

Author

Wang, Xiaoxuan, Striełkowski, Wadim, Editor-in-Chief, Black, Jessica M., Series Editor, Butterfield, Stephen A., Series Editor, Chang, Chi-Cheng, Series Editor, Cheng, Jiuqing, Series Editor, Dumanig, Francisco Perlas, Series Editor, Al-Mabuk, Radhi, Series Editor, Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, Series Editor, Urban, Mathias, Series Editor, Webb, Stephen, Series Editor, Majoul, Bootheina, editor, Prajapati, Abhisarika, editor, Mohammed, Sharifah Faizah Syed, editor, and Mohd Sharif, Mohd Farid, editor

Published
2024
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14. A Two-Stage Active Learning Algorithm for NLP Based on Feature Mixing

Author

Zeng, Jielin, Liang, Jiaqi, Wang, Xiaoxuan, Li, Linjing, Zeng, Daniel, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Luo, Biao, editor, Cheng, Long, editor, Wu, Zheng-Guang, editor, Li, Hongyi, editor, and Li, Chaojie, editor

Published
2024
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16. Meta-integration of Qualitative Research on Fatigue Experience in Patients with Post-stroke Fatigue

Author

WANG Xiaoxuan, ZHANG Zhenxiang, ZHAO Zhixin, JIANG Hu, WANG Jiajia, LIN Beilei, WANG Wenna, CHEN Suyan

Subjects
stroke, post-stroke fatigue, experience, coping style, needs, qualitative research, meta-integration, Medicine
Abstract

Background Previous studies have found that 25%-85% of stroke patients develop post-stroke fatigue (PSF) , and continuous feeling of fatigue seriously affects patients' daily life and rehabilitation process. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the psychological experience and needs of such patients. However, the results of previous single qualitative studies may not be representative. Objective To systematically review and integrate qualitative studies on the fatigue experience of patients with PSF, so as to provide a reference for the construction of management strategies for PSF patients. Methods PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care database, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM were searched by computer to screen qualitative studies on fatigue experience of patients with PSF from inception to July 5, 2023. JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia was used to evaluate the quality of included literature, and Meta-synthesis was performed to integrate results. Results A total of 10 papers were included, and 22 primary outcomes were distilled, grouped into 8 categories, and synthesized into 4 integrated outcomes, including significant lack of cognition of PSF; intricate negative physical and psychological experience; different self-regulation of PSF and multiple needs for PSF rehabilitation. Conclusion PSF patients have insufficient cognition of fatigue with significant negative physical and psychological experience. Therefore, PSF patients should be identified and screened at an early stage with strengthened fatigue education and personalized fatigue management strategies. Emphasis should also be placed on the role of community and family in the management of fatigue, so that they can work together with healthcare professionals to provide a favorable rehabilitation environment for PSF patients.

Published
2024
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17. Research progress of corneal lens technique for keratoconus

Author

Wang Xiaoxuan and Lei Yulin

Subjects
keratoconus, corneal lens implantation, femtosecond laser, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Keratoconus is a chronic non-inflammatory corneal disease characterized by thinning and localized protrusion of the corneal stroma in a conical shape. It often leads to irreversible irregular astigmatism and varying degrees of decline in corrected visual acuity. With the rise of femtosecond laser refractive surgery, corneal lenses were discovered as a good biological material. Corneal lens implantation of the cornea can increase the thickness of the cornea and delay the progression of keratoconus disease for further treatment. Currently, convex lenses obtained from myopic small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)surgery and concave lenses obtained from farsighted SMILE surgery, as well as parallel lenses obtained from donors, can be implanted into the cornea with the aid of femtosecond lasers as lens materials. This article will summarize and discuss the above three lens material implantation methods to provide reference for the selection of keratoconus treatment.

Published
2024
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47. First-line penpulimab (an anti-PD1 antibody) and anlotinib (an angiogenesis inhibitor) with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PAAG) in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a prospective, multicentre, biomolecular exploratory, phase II trial

Author

Sha, Huizi, primary, Tong, Fan, additional, Ni, Jiayao, additional, Sun, Yi, additional, Zhu, Yahui, additional, Qi, Liang, additional, Li, Xiaoqin, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Yang, Yan, additional, Gu, Qing, additional, Zhang, Xing, additional, Wang, Xiaoxuan, additional, Zhu, Chan, additional, Chen, Dongsheng, additional, Liu, Baorui, additional, and Du, Juan, additional

Published
2024
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