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This study investigates the extent and persistence of major crisis events in the crude oil market and economy and searches for general rules of event impact. Although the short-term effects of such crises may quickly become evident, their long-term implications can be challenging to uncover. To this end, we analyzed 50 major crisis events across four categories using a Proxy structural vector autoregressive (Proxy-SVAR) model. The results show that these events substantially impacted crude oil production, world crude oil prices, and inflation in China and the United States. Generally speaking, major crisis events have a more severe impact on the crude oil market, but their impact on the economy lasts longer. Notably, geopolitical conflicts have led to a sharp decline in S&P500, resulting in a simultaneous reduction in the industrial production indices of the world, China, and the US. Among the different types of crises, the financial crisis had the most prolonged impact, persisting for approximately four years. The public health emergency represented by COVID-19 resulted in a decline in actual oil prices, with its impact on the oil market continuing for over three years. Considering our findings, we suggest four policy measures to enhance economic resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the strong nonlinearity and high complexity of foreign exchange rate data, how best to accurately analyze their trends and forecast them is regarded as a challenging research topic. While such research has developed rapidly and a large number of publications have appeared, few programmatic quantitative and qualitative overviews have been compiled in the field of exchange rate. By integrating bibliometric methods with network visualization based on CiteSpace software, this study analyzed 4999 publications of exchange rate research from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database during 1992 to 2021. The study summarizes the major development in exchange rate determination since Meese‐Rogoff puzzle, from New Open‐Economy Macroeconomics (NOEM) and the Foreign Exchange Market Micro‐Structure Hypotheses, to determination model based on relationship between exchange rate and commodity price. Through the study's statistical analysis, co‐occurrence, co‐citation, and co‐keywords analysis, the influential authors, research institutions, countries and regions, journals, research hotspots, and future trends in the field of exchange rate are intellectually identified over the past 30 years. As a complement to existing literature, this paper provides theoretical and practical reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of exchange rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Church tourism has gained popularity due to the historical, artistic, and religious significance of churches, contributing significantly to the social and economic sectors. The destination image of churches plays a crucial role in tourism marketing. However, existing literature predominantly relies on traditional methods to study tourists' perception of churches as tourism destinations, with limited analysis of user‐generated content (UGC) like online reviews. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the online reviews of 10 renowned European churches posted on TripAdvisor using text mining techniques. Findings reveal that tourists mainly focus on overall description, visiting experience, architectural design, and surrounding environment of the church, with specific areas of interest for certain churches. The research findings can assist church administrators in formulating sustainable tourism strategies and promoting the development of the church tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]