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To investigate Gyrodactylus infection of fish in the river system of Xinjiang (China), Gyrodactylus individuals were isolated from specimens of Diptychus maculatus. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA locus revealed that the gyrodactylids belong to new species. Gyrodactylus diptychi n. sp. differs significantly in the morphology of the haptoral structures from 12 known species of Gyrodactylus found in fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae. In particular, G. diptychi n. sp. has a relatively short dorsal bar with thick and large ends, flat and straight hamuli roots, and small ventral bar processes. Furthermore, G. diptychi n. sp. is the only representative of Gyrodactylus found on D. maculatus. Using the BLASTn search of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences in GenBank and the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods, we constructed phylogenetic trees for G. diptychi n. sp. As a result, our studies clearly identified that G. diptychi n. sp. was the first Gyrodactylus monogenean isolated from D. maculatus and a new species belonged to the subgenus Limnonephrotus.

This study adopted the HFB-1 fabric cool feeling tester to objectively test the cool feeling of 12 printed fabrics. Besides, we investigated the influence of temperature, air velocity, and moisture content on fabric cool feeling. Additionally, a rank-order method was employed for a subjective assessment of fabric coolness. The results indicate that the nylon fabric demonstrats the best cooling effect. Furthermore, the maximum transient heat flux, the duration of cool feeling and the total heat dissipation during the cooling period of the fabrics were enhanced to a certain extent after the cool-felling prints. As the temperature increased, the fabric experienced a decrease in maximum transient heat flux from 254.6 W/m² to 98.8 W/m², and steady-state heat flux declined from 99.6 W/m² to 27.8 W/m². Simultaneously, with an increase in wind speed, the fabric's maximum transient heat flux rose from 243.6 W/m² to 275.9 W/m², and the steady-state heat flux increased from 98.5 W/m² to 231.6 W/m². Moreover, as moisture content increased, the fabric's maximum transient heat flux increased from 246.9 W/m² to 376.6 W/m², and the time to reach final thermal equilibrium extended from 318 s to 2 200 s. The correlation coefficients for fitting subjective ranking values against maximum transient heat flux density, duration of cool feeling, and total heat dissipation during the cooling period were 0.977, 0.748, and 0.719, respectively. These values indicated a strong consistency between subjective assessment metrics and objective indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic skins with deep and comprehensive liquid information detection are desired to endow intelligent robotic devices with augmented perception and autonomous regulation in common droplet environments. At present, one technical limitation of electronic skins is the inability to perceive the liquid sliding information as realistically as humans and give feedback in time. To this critical challenge, in this work, a self-powered bionic droplet electronic skin is proposed by constructing an ingenious co-layer interlaced electrode network and using an overpass connection method. The bionic skin is used for droplet environment reconnaissance and converts various dynamic droplet sliding behaviors into electrical signals based on triboelectricity. More importantly, the two-dimensional sliding behavior of liquid droplets is comprehensively perceived by the e-skin and visually fed back in real-time on an indicator. Furthermore, the flow direction warning and intelligent closed-loop control of water leakage are also achieved by this e-skin, achieving the effect of human neuromodulation. This strategy compensates for the limitations of e-skin sensing droplets and greatly narrows the gap between artificial e-skins and human skins in perceiving functions. Electronic skins are limited in perceiving liquid sliding information as realistically as humans and provide real-time feedback. Here, Xu et al. developed a self-powered bionic droplet electronic skin with co-layer interlaced electrode networks and overpass connection technology to sense complex water motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) slitless spectroscopic survey will observe objects to a limiting magnitude of ∼23 mag (5σ, point sources) in U, V , and I over 17 500 deg2. The spectroscopic observations are expected to be highly efficient and complete for mapping galaxies over 0 < z < 1 with secure redshift measurements at spectral resolutions of R ∼ 200, providing unprecedented data sets for cosmological studies. To quantitatively examine the survey potential, we develop a software tool, namely the CSST Emulator for Slitless Spectroscopy (CESS), to quickly generate simulated 1D slitless spectra with limited computing resources. We introduce the architecture of CESS and the detailed process of creating simulated CSST slitless spectra. The extended light distribution of a galaxy induces the self-broadening effect on the 1D slitless spectrum. We quantify the effect using morphological parameters: Sérsic index, effective radius, position angle, and axis ratio. Moreover, we also develop a module for CESS to estimate the overlap contamination rate for CSST grating observations of galaxies in galaxy clusters. Applying CESS to the high-resolution model spectra of a sample of ∼140 million galaxies with mz < 21 mag selected from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument LS DR9 catalogue, we obtain the simulated CSST slitless spectra. We examine the dependence of measurement errors on different types of galaxies due to instrumental and observational effects and quantitatively investigate the redshift completeness for different environments out to z ∼ 1. Our results show that the CSST spectroscopy is able to provide secure redshifts for about one-quarter of the sample galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Star-forming galaxies (SFGs) adhere to a surprisingly tight scaling relation of dust attenuation parametrized by the infrared excess (IRX≡ L IR/ L UV), being jointly determined by the star formation rate (SFR), galaxy size (R e), metallicity (Z /Z⊙), and axial ratio (b / a). We examine how these galaxy parameters determine the effective dust attenuation and give rise to the universal IRX relation, utilizing a simple two-component star-dust geometry model in which dust in the dense and diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) follows exponential mass density profiles, connected with but not necessarily identical to the stellar mass profiles. Meanwhile, empirical relations are adopted to link galaxy properties, including the gas–star formation relation, the dust-to-stellar size relation, as well as the dust-to-gas ratio versus metallicity relation. By fitting a large sample of local SFGs with the model, we obtain the best-fitting model parameters as a function of metallicity, showing that the two-component geometry model is able to successfully reproduce the dependence of IRX on SFR, R e, b / a at given Z /Z⊙, as well as the dependence of power-law indices on metallicity. Moreover, we also retrieve constraints on the model geometry parameters, including the optical depth of birth clouds (BCs), BC-to-total dust mass fraction, BC covering factor of UV-emitting stars, and star-to-total dust disc radius ratio, which all evolve with galaxy metallicity. Finally, a consistent picture of how the star-dust geometry in SFGs evolves with galaxy metallicity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]