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The association between body mass index (BMI) and binge-eating disorder (BED) is well-established. However, data on the extent to which BMI is associated with progression from binge-eating behavior into BED among adolescents are limited, which was the aim of this investigation. Participants were 9964 U.S. adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, aged 9-13 at the time of study enrollment. A computerized parent-reported assessment was used to establish adolescents' binge-eating behaviors and BED. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates were used to examine prospective associations between BMI and likelihood of BED onset among a) adolescents with binge-eating behavior, and b) adolescents with no binge-eating behavior. Of 975 adolescents who met the study criteria for binge-eating behavior, 89 (9.1%) subsequently met the study criteria for BED. Of 8989 adolescents with no binge-eating behavior, 82 (0.9%) subsequently met the study criteria for BED. BMI percentile was significantly associated with the likelihood of BED onset in participants with (adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 1.06) and participants without (adjusted HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07) binge-eating behavior. Results were also significant when examining BMI as a dichotomous predictor (above and below 85th percentile) among those with (adjusted HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.00, 6.68) and those without (adjusted HR = 6.01, 95% CI 3.90, 11.10) binge-eating behavior. Overall, results indicate that elevated BMI is prospectively associated with a greater risk for BED onset among U.S. adolescents with or without binge-eating behavior. Adolescents with a higher BMI may benefit from screening for binge eating, and prevention/early intervention strategies to mitigate the risk for developing BED.

Women with negative body image engage in less physical activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between body image and physical activity in Latinas participating in a lifestyle program. Participants (age 43.8 ± 10.1 years and BMI 30.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were enrolled in a 12-month culturally and linguistically adapted, individually tailored, intervention focused on increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Longitudinal assessments were conducted on body image dissatisfaction (BID) using the Figure Rating Scale, MVPA using the 7-day PAR interview, and objectively measured body weight. Pre-intervention BID did not significantly predict MVPA change. Participants experienced considerable reduction in BID. Greater MVPA engagement and weight loss were independently related to BID reduction. Acculturation did not moderate these relationships. Body image improved in Latinas participating in a cognitive and behavioral physical activity intervention regardless of weight loss and acculturation level.

Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the role of Green Tea (GT) supplementation on women living with obesity. To address this, we conducted to determine the impact of GT supplementation on the weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in overweight and obese women using time and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis searched electronic Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline databases from inception to December 1st, 2022. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 2061 references were identified, and 15 articles with 16 RCT arms on body weight, 17 RCT arms on BMI, and 7 RCT arms on WC were included in the meta-analysis. GT supplementation significantly decreases body weight (WMD: −1.23 kg, 95% CI: −2.13 to −0.33, p = 0.007), BMI (WMD: −0.47 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.07, p = 0.020) and WC (WMD: −3.46 cm, 95% CI: −6.75 to −0.16, p = 0.040). In subgroup analyses, GT consumption demonstrated lowered body weight with dosaes ≥1000 mg/day (WMD: −1.38 kg), in the RCTs, which lasted ≥8 wk (WMD: −1.24 kg). The non-linear dose-response assessment detected a negative correlation between the changes in body weight and BMI in green tea consumption of more than 1000 (mg/day). The GT supplementation reduced the weight, BMI, and WC in overweight and obese women. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals can recommend using GT with dosages ≥ 1000mg/day and duration ≥ 8 wk in obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion This study aimed to elucidate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on weight, body mass index (BMI), and lipid metabolism in patients with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD).This retrospective observational study included patients with TRD who received rTMS treatment at the Jikei University Hospital from September 2018 to August 2021. The patients were diagnosed based on the DSM‐5 and ICD‐10 criteria and treated using the NeuroStar TMS System. For 3–6 weeks, 10‐Hz rTMS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 120% motor threshold. The primary outcomes were changes in weight and BMI, whereas the secondary outcomes included changes in total, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, thyroid function indicators, as well as HAMD‐17, HAMD‐24, and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t‐tests and repeated measures ANOVA.Among the 34 patients (20 men and 14 women) included, no significant changes were observed in weight or BMI after rTMS treatment (average weight reduction: −0.50 kg, 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.56, p = 0.24; average BMI reduction: −0.21, 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.61, p = 0.15). However, significant reductions in total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels and FT4 were observed. Furthermore, the HAMD‐17, HAMD‐24, and MADRS scores significantly increased post‐treatment.rTMS treatment did not affect weight or BMI in patients with TRD but is believed to improve lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weight gain effects of Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in people with HIV (PWH) have been sparsely studied. Participants were enrolled in the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. PWH receiving a backbone of emtricitabine, or lamivudine combined with abacavir, tenofovir disoproxil, or tenofovir alafenamide were analysed. Weight gain according to ART backbone and to the third drug was analysed using a multiple linear regression model. Non-ART risk factors were also determined using multiple linear regression. A total of 591 participants were included in the analysis. The majority were middle-aged, virally suppressed males with a mean BMI just above the normal range. Both tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine or lamivudine and abacavir /emtricitabine or lamivudine, but not tenofovir alafenamide /emtricitabine or lamivudine were associated with weight gain over two years (0.6 kg, p = 0.025; 1.0 kg, p = 0.005). The third drugs associated with weight increase were non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (p = 0.035), dolutegravir (p = 0.008) and atazanavir (p = 0.040). Non-ART risk factors for gaining weight were low or normal BMI, age <40 years, underweight, inactivity or highly active at baseline. Tenofovir disoproxil and abacavir-based ART regimens were associated with a small weight gain. Third drug NNRTI, dolutegravir and atazanavir were associated with an increase in weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Observational cohort study including 5115 participants over 30 years. • Current cannabis was associated with lower BMI, probably due to residual confounding. • Cannabis cessation or cumulative cannabis exposure were not associated with BMI. With increasing use of cannabis, we need to know if cannabis use and Body Mass Index (BMI) are associated. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study followed Black and White adults over 30 years with assessments every 2 to 5 years in four centers in the USA. We assessed self-reported current and computed cumulative cannabis exposure at every visit, and studied associations with BMI, adjusted for relevant covariables in mixed longitudinal models. We also applied marginal structural models (MSM) accounting for the probability of having stopped cannabis over the last 5 years. At the Year 30 visit, 1,912 (58 %) identified as women and 1,600 (48 %) as Black, mean age was 56 (SD 2) years. While 2,849 (85 %) had ever used cannabis, 479 (14 %) currently used cannabis. Overall, participants contributed to 35,882 individual visits over 30 years. In multivariable adjusted models, mean BMI was significantly lower in daily cannabis users (26.6 kg/m2, 95 %CI 26.3 to 27.0) than in participants without current use (27.7 kg/m2, 95 %CI 27.5 to 27.9, p < 0.001). Cumulative cannabis use was not associated with BMI. The MSM showed no change in BMI when stopping cannabis use over a 5-year period (β=0.2 kg/m2 total, 95 %CI -0.2 to 0.6). Current cannabis use was associated with lower BMI, but cumulative cannabis use and cessation were not. This suggests that recreational cannabis use may not lead to clinically relevant changes in BMI and that the association between current cannabis use and lower BMI is likely due to residual confounding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Aims: Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with a limited life expectancy. There is very little data on mortality and its associated factors beyond 30 days following gastrostomy. We explored the demographic, clinical, and nutritional predictors for early mortality at 30, 90, and 180 days following gastrostomy in these patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 94 MND patients in Western Australia who underwent gastrostomy between 2015 and 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on mortality at 30, 90, and 180 days post‐gastrostomy. T‐test (or Mann–Whitney), chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test were used for detecting between‐group differences in various factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with post‐gastrostomy mortality at 90 and 180 days. Results: No mortality was attributable to gastrostomy‐related complications. Lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (p =.039) and greater weight loss (%) (p =.022) from diagnosis to gastrostomy were observed in those who died within 30 days post‐gastrostomy. Older age (p =.022), male sex (p =.041), lower FVC (p =.04), requiring but not tolerating noninvasive ventilation (p =.035), and greater weight loss (%) (p =.012) were independent predictors of 90‐day post‐gastrostomy mortality. However, only older age (p =.01) and greater weight loss (p =.009) were predictors of mortality at 180 days post‐gastrostomy. Discussion: Our data indicated that mortality at 90 and 180 days was influenced by the weight loss (%) from diagnosis to gastrostomy, highlighting the importance of nutritional care in the MND population. Gastrostomy placement prior to substantial weight loss may reduce the risk of weight loss‐associated mortality and warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1939 Turán raised the question about lower estimations of the maximum norm of the derivatives of a polynomial p of maximum norm 1 on the compact set K of the complex plain under the normalization condition that the zeroes of p in question all lie in K. Turán studied the problem for the interval I and the unit disk D and found that with n : = deg p tending to infinity, the precise growth order of the minimal possible derivative norm (oscillation order) is n for I and n for D. Erőd continued the work of Turán considering other domains. Finally, in 2006, Halász and Révész proved that the growth of the minimal possible maximal norm of the derivative is of order n for all compact convex domains. Although Turán himself gave comments about the above oscillation question in L q norms, till recently results were known only for D and I. Recently, we have found order n lower estimations for several general classes of compact convex domains, and proved that in L q norm the oscillation order is at least n / log n for all compact convex domains. In the present paper we prove that the oscillation order is not greater than n for all compact (not necessarily convex) domains K and L q norm with respect to any measure supported on more than two points on K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the evaluation of the implementation effect of the music teaching reform project is a hot topic. This project establishes a teaching reform implementation effect evaluation model based on improving the accuracy of teaching reform plan effectiveness evaluation. This project first analyzes the current research status of the impact evaluation of the implementation of music education reform projects and builds a set of evaluation systems. The evaluation method of teaching reform plan implementation effect based on a "big data-driven - support vector machine" was constructed. The simulation experiment verifies that this method can evaluate the implementation of the teaching reform plan well. The relative error of the evaluation results is small. It is practical in improving the effectiveness evaluation of the teaching reform plan. After verification, it is found that the research results of this project are feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with obesity may experience weight-based discrimination as a result of weight bias and stigma, which can have deleterious effects on their health and wellbeing, including increased risk of dysregulated, maladaptive, and disordered eating such as restriction, purging, and binging. Prior work has shown that weight bias occurs from healthcare workers caring for adults, but less is known about the prevalence of weight bias in the pediatric healthcare setting. Methods: We aimed to determine what proportion of pediatric healthcare professionals had attitudes of weight bias at our own institution by constructing a survey with questions from validated weight bias survey tools. Results revealed nearly half of all respondents had witnessed another healthcare professional make negative remarks about a patient with obesity, and many shared that they lacked the proper education/training and equipment to properly care for patients with obesity. Based on survey results, we created an electronic-based training module to educate healthcare professionals on weight bias and discrimination and how they may negatively affect care provided to children and families with obesity at our institution. Engagement with hospital leadership was a key strategy to ensure participation from medical and nursing/allied health staff in the survey, although only nursing/allied health leadership required the online training module resulting in limited physician engagement. Results: Feedback received regarding the training module was overwhelmingly positive. Conclusions: Our efforts illustrate that weight bias and discrimination exist in pediatric institutions, and that participation in a tailored electronic-based training module may be viewed as a helpful tool to raise awareness of how weight-based discrimination and bias can negatively affect patient care. Plain English Summary: Weight bias and discrimination are present in pediatric healthcare settings and can lead to negative health effects for children with obesity, including increased risk of dysregulated, maladaptive, and disordered eating such as restriction, purging, and binging. Scientific studies on development of methods to address weight bias among child healthcare professionals is limited. In this article, we describe how we measured weight bias among clinical providers and staff in a large pediatric teaching hospital, and how this helped us obtain approval from hospital leaders to create training to help these child healthcare professionals understand the harmful effects of weight bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Materials and methods Results Conclusions Intraindividual body weight variability (BWV), that is, the degree of weight fluctuations over time, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in multiple settings. The impact of BWV on cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear, despite the issues relative to weight management in individuals with this condition.Using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we identified individuals with T1D and without CVD at baseline with at least three measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years. We estimated BWV as quartiles of the standard deviation of weight measures and explored its longitudinal association with the incidence of CVD during a 12.7 ± 4.6 year follow‐up through adjusted Cox regression models. The primary endpoint was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and all‐cause mortality. We modelled the function of risk in relation to the magnitude of BWV, testing also whether weight trends, that is, increasing, stable or decreasing, age, sex and glycaemic control modified the association between BWV and the outcome.Among the 36 333 individuals with T1D in the register, we identified 19 373 individuals with at least three measures of body weight and without CVD at baseline. Participants with the highest BWV had a 42% increased risk of reaching the primary endpoint compared to those with the lowest BWV (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.62). In addition, high BWV was significantly associated with a 51% increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.28–1.78), a 37% increased risk of peripheral artery disease (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.06–1.77) and a 55% increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.20–2.01). BWV showed a quasi‐linear association with the primary endpoint. No interaction was observed when comparing subgroups for weight trends, sex or degree of glycaemic control. In the subgroup of elderly individuals, the association of BWV with the primary endpoint was no longer significant.High BWV is associated with an increased risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality in individuals with T1D, independently of canonical risk factors. Weight trends, sex and glycaemic control do not modify such association while older age attenuates it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

eHealth literacy plays a crucial role during pregnancy, as maternal health behavior can influence health outcomes for both mother and child. This study assessed the impact of eHealth literacy on maternal-fetal health outcomes through a cross-sectional analysis of 1,265 pregnant women admitted to a tertiary maternity hospital in Turkey between April and July 2022. Data on sociodemographic information, obstetric variables, birth outcomes, Internet usage, and eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) were collected. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann – Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis. The median age of women was 28 years, and the mean gestational age was 38.6 weeks. Median eHealth literacy score was 21 (range:8-40). Pregnant women who had planned pregnancies, received spousal support, attended 9–12 antenatal care visits, received vaccinations, adhered to iron and folic acid supplementation, engaged in regular physical activity, and maintained regular sleep patterns exhibited higher eHealth scores (all p < .001). eHEALS scores were higher in women who experienced normal vaginal deliveries (p < .001), while lower eHEALS scores were noted in those with comorbidities (p = .001). The study suggested that higher eHealth literacy among pregnant women was associated with improved health-promoting behaviors, more favorable health perceptions, increased utilization of health services, and better maternal and fetal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prevalent in 5% of children worldwide, impacts academic performance and often coexists with psychiatric disorders. Psychostimulant medications are primary treatments for ADHD, enhancing dopamine to reduce symptoms. However, dopamine increase may cause appetite loss. This pioneering study in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) explores psychostimulant effects on weight in children diagnosed with ADHD, aiming to uncover unique regional characteristics and contributing factors to weight changes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed data from electronic medical records from 2017 to 2022, aiming to assess the impact of psychostimulants on weight in children aged 6–18 years. Inclusion criteria covered psychostimulanttreated and untreated patients with ADHD. Statistical analysis, involving longitudinal data methods aimed to demonstrate significant weight differences. Results: Data from 107 pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD were analyzed, with 86 meeting inclusion criteria. Most patients were male (80.2%). ADHD presentations varied, and methylphenidate immediate release was the most prescribed stimulant medication. Patients experienced initial weight loss followed by overall gain over 12 months. Coexisting conditions, maternal factors, family history, and correlations with autism spectrum disorder were explored. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the effects of psychostimulant medications on the weight of children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in the UAE. It suggests avenues for future research, emphasizing extended follow-ups to understand long-term psychostimulant effects, nuanced examinations of age and gender, and exploring interactions with comorbidities. Despite limitations, the research provides insights into ADHD medication effects, guiding personalized treatment approaches for pediatric populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, global rates of overweight and obesity have surged, posing significant health challenges, Maternal obesity is particularly concerning because of its potential adverse effects on women, foetuses, and children. The intrauterine environment plays a crucial role in shaping long-term health outcomes, with maternal factors significantly influencing childhood obesity and related health markers. This review synthesises current evidence on the associations between macrosomia, maternal weight, pregnancy weight gain, and offspring obesity risk. It explores how maternal weight status during pregnancy may impact a child’s susceptibility to obesity later in life, examining potential underlying mechanisms. By consolidating these findings, the review aims to deepen our understanding of the complex relationships between maternal health, prenatal factors, and childhood obesity. This knowledge can inform future research and public health strategies aimed at addressing this global health issue effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish an evaluation index system of medical service capacity in county hospitals, so as to provide a reference basis for further evaluating the overall medical service strength of county-level hospitals. Methods Experts were invited to evaluate the relative importance of indicators at all levels of medical service capacity, and the weights of the dimensions of the indicators system were determined using analytic hierarchy process. Results A total of 35 experts were invited to consult letter inquiries, and the recovery rate of the questionnaire was 94.43%. The CR of first-level indicators judgment matrix was 0.0223, and the CR of the second-level index judgment matrix under the three dimensions of structure, process and outcome were 0.0000,0.0741and 0.0052, all less than 0.1. Finally, the evaluation index system included 3 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators. The highest weight of the first-level indicators was the result(0.4570). Among the combined weights there were 11 indicators that exceeded the average weight of 0.0435 (1/23). Conclusion The evaluation index system of county hospitals based on analytic hierarchy process is objective and reliable, which can provide reference for health administrative departments at all levels and county hospitals to carry out medical service ability evaluation and ability improvement according to the actual situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related weight gain is of particular concern in people with HIV (PWH). Although weight gain was observed among PWH receiving tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), little is known about the potential reversibility after TAF discontinuation. We evaluated weight and metabolic changes 12 months after TAF discontinuation in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Methods We included participants who received at least 6 months of TAF-containing ART between January 2016 and March 2023. Using multivariable mixed-effect models, changes in weight and lipid levels were compared between individuals who continued TAF and those who switched to one of the following TAF-free regimens: (1) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based ART, (2) dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC), or (3) long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV). Results Of 6555 participants (median age 54 years, 24.3% female, 13% Black), 5485 (83.7%) continued, and 1070 (16.3%) stopped TAF. Overall, discontinuing TAF was associated with an adjusted mean weight change of −0.54 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] −.98 to −.11) after 12 months. In stratified analyses, switching from TAF to TDF led to an adjusted mean weight decrease of −1.84 kg (95% CI −2.72 to −.97), and to a decrease in mean total cholesterol (−0.44 mmol/L) and triglycerides (−0.38 mmol/L) after 12 months. Switching from TAF-based ART to DTG/3TC (−0.17 kg, 95% CI −.82 to.48) or long-acting CAB/RPV (−0.64 kg, 95% CI −2.16 to.89) did not lead to reductions in weight. Conclusions Replacing TAF with TDF in PWH led to a decrease in body weight and an improved lipid profile within 1 year. Weight changes were not observed among individuals who switched to DTG/3TC or long-acting CAB/RPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis of research examining multidimensional perfectionism—perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns—and orthorexia. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered and conducted using a search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Education Abstracts, and Oxford Academic, and ScienceDirect up to April 2023. PRISMA guidelines were also followed. Meta-analysis using random-effects models was used to derive independent and unique effects of perfectionism, as well as total unique effects (TUE), and relative weights. Moderation of effects were examined for age, gender, domain, perfectionism and orthorexia instruments, and methodological quality. Results: Eighteen studies, including 19 samples (n = 7064), met the eligibility criteria with 12 of these studies (with 13 samples; n = 4984) providing sufficient information for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that perfectionistic strivings (r+ = 0.27, 95% CI [0.21, 0.32]) and perfectionistic concerns (r+ = 0.25, 95% CI [0.18, 0.31]) had positive relationships with orthorexia. After controlling for the relationship between perfectionism dimensions, only perfectionistic strivings predicted orthorexia which also contributed marginally more to an overall positive total unique effect of perfectionism (TUE = 0.35; 95% CI [0.28, 0.42]). There was tentative evidence that orthorexia instrument moderated the perfectionistic concerns-orthorexia relationship. Discussion: Research has generally found that both dimensions of perfectionism are positively related to orthorexia. More high-quality research is needed to examine explanatory mechanisms while also gathering further evidence on differences in findings due to how orthorexia is measured, as well as other possible moderating factors. Level of evidence: Level 1, systematic review and meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International clinical guidelines recommend that smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity and gestational weight gain (SNAP-W) be addressed as part of routine antenatal care throughout pregnancy. However, guideline recommendations are poorly implemented, and few antenatal care recipients routinely receive the recommended care. There is a need to establish the determinants (barriers and enablers) to care delivery to inform strategies to improve implementation. This systematic review aimed to synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence of the barriers and enablers to the routine delivery of antenatal care targeting SNAP-W health risks. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Seven databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 2001 and November 2023. Study findings were coded and analysed according to the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Results: Forty-nine studies were included in the review, 27 qualitative studies and 22 quantitative studies. The studies were conducted in 14 countries. Data were collected from 7146 antenatal care providers (midwives, Aboriginal health workers, obstetricians, medical officers, general practitioners) and 352 barriers and enablers were identified. Across all SNAP-W health risk and antenatal care provider groups, the predominant TDF domain was 'environmental context and resources', identified in 96% of studies. Barriers within this domain included insufficient time, limited access to and quality of resources, and limited organisational supports. 'Beliefs about consequences' was the second most common TDF domain, reported in 67% of studies, particularly studies of care related to alcohol use, nutrition/ physical activity/ gestational weight gain and those involving midwives, multidisciplinary practitioners and general practitioners. 'Optimism' was the second most common TDF domain for studies of smoking-related care and involving obstetricians, gynaecologists, and other mixed medical professions. Conclusions: It is critical that determinants related to environmental context and resources including time, resources and organisational supports are considered in the development of strategies to support the implementation of recommended antenatal care related to SNAP-W risks. Strategies addressing clinician beliefs about consequences and optimism may also be needed to support the implementation of care related to specific health behaviours and by specific antenatal care provider groups. Registration: The review protocol was prospectively registered with Prospero: CRD42022353084; 22 October 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arm span is the most reliable anthropometric measurement to predict the stature of an individual. Arm span, hand length, foot length, head circumference etc., have been proven to be useful to correctly estimate the height of a person. This study was intended to derive a model for the estimation of height and body mass index from arm span and also to determine the socio-demographics characteristics of the participants. Samples of 500 students in Bowen University were used for this research (250 males and females respectively) with varying ethnicity. Heights were measured accurately while Weight was taken using a standard calibrated weight scale; arm span measurement. Analyzed by Pearson's correlation, the results analysis showed a significant effect of arm span on height on males, and a significant effect of height on BMI in both sexes. There is a significant effect of arm span on BMI on male and no significant effect in females; results from t- test indicated sexual dimorphism in height and arm span but not in BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across two studies, this exploratory research examines stigma faced by larger‐bodied people by exploring the phenomenon of weight‐based mistreatment (WBM), defined as interpersonal disrespect levied on a person explicitly due to their larger body size, at work. Through qualitative research we first describe distinct forms of WBM experienced by 175 self‐defined overweight US employees, as well as consequences of WBM for bullied targets and their organizations. Next, through a quantitative survey distributed to a separate sample of larger‐bodied workers, our exploratory evaluation of WBM found that it is all‐too common in many forms, including overt and covert aggression, microaggression, incivility, and benevolent, yet disrespectful comments oriented around a person's weight. One or more forms of these behaviours were experienced by 75% of our 1008‐person sample, with overt and covert aggression being most common, and coworkers most often perpetrating WBM. Drawing on objectification theory, we observe a host of harmful consequences ranging from diminished engagement, worsened professional interactions, and a lack of self‐care. Altogether, results reveal WBM is a substantial problem, and thus they serve as a call to action for HR professionals, managers, and inclusion advocates to better understand the experiences of this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-harvest process is important to increasing the market value of limes and requires focus. During this process, limes are graded and categorized based on size, weight, and volume. Therefore, identifying efficient means of estimating these properties is very important and remains an open research area. This study applies the concept of computer vision based on traditional machine learning algorithms (partial least square regression (PLS), epsilon-support vector regression (ε-SVR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AB), gradient boosting (GB), Bagging meta-estimator (BME), and extremely randomized trees (ERTs)) and pre-trained deep learning (InceptionV3, MoblieNetV2, ResNet50, and VGG-16) for estimating the weight and volume of limes. Our findings showed that the BME and ResNet50 could yield the highest performance for estimating the weight and volume of limes. The BME produced R test 2 values of 0.954 and 0.882 for weight and volume, respectively, while the R test 2 values of ResNet50 models were between 0.951 and 0.957 for weight and volume, respectively. This study concluded that computer vision based on both traditional machine learning and deep learning could be used to estimate the weight and volume of limes. The approach proposed in this study can be adopted for applications related to computer vision in the post-harvest process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the local maximal oscillatory integral operator T α , β ∗ ⁢ (f) ⁢ (x) = sup 0 < t < 1 ⁡ | ∫ ℝ n e i ⁢ | t ⁢ ξ | α | t ⁢ ξ | β ⁢ Ψ ⁢ (| t ⁢ ξ |) ⁢ f ^ ⁢ (ξ) ⁢ e 2 ⁢ π ⁢ i ⁢ 〈 x , ξ 〉 ⁢ 푑 ξ | , where α ∈ (0 , 1) , β > 0 , and Ψ is a cutoff function that vanishes in a neighborhood of the origin. First, in the case 0 < p < 1 , we obtain the H p ⁢ (ℝ n) → L p ⁢ (ℝ n) boundedness of T α , β ∗ with the sharp relation among α , β and p. Then, using interpolation, we obtain the L p ⁢ (ℝ n) boundedness on T α , β ∗ when p > 1 , which is an improvement of the recent result by Kenig and Staubach. At the critical case p = 1 and β = n ⁢ α 2 , we show T α , β ∗ : B q ⁢ (ℝ n) → L 1 , ∞ ⁢ (ℝ n) , where B q ⁢ (ℝ n) is the block space introduced by Lu, Taibleson and Weiss in order to study the almost every convergence of the Bochner–Riesz means at the critical index. As a further application, we obtain the convergence speed of a combination to the fractional Schrödinger operators { e i ⁢ t ⁢ k ⁢ | △ | α } . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Smokers typically have a lower body mass index (BMI) than non‐smokers, while smoking cessation is associated with weight gain. In pre‐clinical research, nicotine in tobacco smoking suppresses appetite and influences subsequent eating behaviour; however, this relationship is unclear in humans. This study measured the associations of smoking with different eating and dietary behaviours. Design: A cross‐sectional analysis of data from health assessments conducted between 2004 and 2022. Setting: An independent healthcare‐based charity within the United Kingdom. Participants: A total of 80 296 men and women (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age, 43.0 ± 10.4 years; BMI, 25.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 62.5% male) stratified into two groups based on their status as a smoker (n = 6042; 7.5%) or non‐smoker (n = 74 254; 92.5%). Measurements Smoking status (self‐report) was the main exposure, while the primary outcomes were selected eating and dietary behaviours. Age, sex and socioeconomic status (index of multiple deprivation [IMD]) were included as covariates and interaction terms, while moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise and sleep quality were included as covariates only. Findings Smokers had lower odds of snacking between meals and eating food as a reward or out of boredom versus non‐smokers (all odds ratio [OR] ≤ 0.82; P < 0.001). Furthermore, smokers had higher odds of skipping meals, going more than 3 h without food, adding salt and sugar to their food, overeating and finding it hard to leave something on their plate versus non‐smokers (all OR ≥ 1.06; P ≤ 0.030). Additionally, compared with non‐smokers, smoking was associated with eating fried food more times per week (rate ratio [RR] = 1.08; P < 0.001), eating fewer meals per day, eating sweet foods between meals and eating dessert on fewer days per week (all RR ≤ 0.93; P < 0.001). Several of these relationships were modified by age, sex and IMD. Conclusions: Smoking appears to be associated with eating and dietary behaviours consistent with inhibited food intake, low diet quality and altered food preference. Several of these relationships are moderated by age, sex and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. As the proportion of prime carcasses originating from dairy herds increases, the focus is shifting to the beef merit of the progeny from dairy herds. Several dairy cow total merit indexes include a negative weight on measures of cow size. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the effect of genetic selection, solely for lighter or smaller-sized dairy cows, on the beef performance of their progeny. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the genetic correlations among cow size traits (i.e., cow BW, cow carcass weight [CW]), cow BCS, cow carcass conformation (CC), and cow carcass fat cover (CF), as well as the correlations between these cow traits and a series of beef performance slaughter-related traits (i.e., CW, CC, CF, and age at slaughter [AS]) in their progeny. After data editing, there were 52,950 cow BW and BCS records, along with 57,509 cow carcass traits (i.e., CW, CC, and CF); carcass records from 346,350 prime animals along with AS records from 316,073 prime animals were also used. Heritability estimates ranged from moderate to high (0.18–0.62) for all cow and prime animal traits. The same carcass trait in cows and prime animals were strongly genetically correlated with each other (0.76–0.85), implying that they are influenced by very similar genomic variants. Selecting exclusively for cows with higher BCS (i.e., fatter) will, on average, produce more conformed prime animal carcasses, owing to a moderate genetic correlation (0.30) between both traits. Genetic correlations revealed that selecting exclusively for lighter BW or CW cows will, on average, result in lighter prime animal carcasses of poor CC, while also delaying slaughter age. Nonetheless, selective breeding through total merit indexes should be successful in breeding for smaller dairy cows and desirable prime animal carcass traits concurrently, because of the nonunity genetic correlations between the cow and prime animal traits; this will help to achieve a more ethical, environmentally sustainable, and economically viable dairy-beef industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this intervention was to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of an online weight loss program, EMPOWER, in rural, underserved communities. Methods: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 living in rural counties were recruited through collaboration with University of Illinois Extension. The intervention lasted 1 year including online educations sessions, nutrition and lifestyle coaching, and diet and weight monitoring via a novel web application, MealPlot. Feasibility was measured by enrollment attainment, participant retention, online education session completion, and completion of anthropometric and dietary measures. Acceptability was measured by survey using Likert scales of satisfaction for all program components. Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary records, and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were measures of program efficacy. Additionally, two interviews were collected for program feedback. Results: Enrollment of 16 participants was attained, however due to higher than anticipated dropout (retention 62.5%, N = 10) at 3-months, 62.5% of the education sessions were completed and 75.0% of anthropometric and dietary measures. The average satisfaction rating for the comprehensive program was 4.2/5 with lowest satisfaction being the MealPlot web application 2.7/5 (N = 11). On average a clinically significant (≥5% baseline weight) weight loss of 6.2 ± 6.0% body weight or 5.7 ± 5.3 kg and improvements to protein and fiber intake at 12 months (N = 10) were observed. Conclusions: A novel online weight loss program showed adequate to strong feasibility and acceptability and preliminary results indicating efficacy among a pilot sample of rural residents. Future studies are required to investigate means of improving retention and reducing the burden on program collaborators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Limited information exists regarding the microbiome composition of yak calves of varying weights. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbiomes of mother-calf pairs with different weight profiles. Methods: Fecal and blood samples were collected from both lower-weight (CB) and higher-weight (HB) yak calves, along with their corresponding female yaks (CA, HA). Results: The results revealed significantly higher levels of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) in HB animals (p < 0.001). Sequencing yielded 652,181 and 643,369 filtered reads in female and calf yaks, respectively. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that Chao1, Faith_pd, and Observed species were significantly higher in CA compared to HA (p < 0.01). Furthermore, nine genera were notably different between HA and CA yaks, including Avispirillum, Fimenecus, CAG-1031, Odoribacter 865974, and Jeotgalicoccus A 310962. Compared to CB yaks, CA animals exhibited significant differences in one phylum and six genera, including CAG-485 (p < 0.05), CAG-83 (p < 0.01), Copromorpha (p < 0.01), Phocaeicola A 858004 (p < 0.05), and UBA2253 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, higher-weight yak calves demonstrated increased oxidative resistance, and weight profiles were linked to the microbiomes of both female yaks and their calves. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing yak breeding practices in high-altitude regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering projects must meet quality and schedule requirements during construction. This is a typical multi-objective problem and a difficult point in the management of engineering enterprises. To address these issues, a research study proposes an intelligent multi-objective optimisation technique. First, analyse the optimisation objectives of the enterprise in the context of digitalisation. Then, construct a multi-objective cost optimisation model for engineering enterprises. Second, the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO) algorithm is introduced to solve multi- objective problems. To improve the multi-objective optimisation effect of the model, the inertia weight parameters and particle learning behaviour are optimised and adjusted, as the model is prone to getting stuck in local optima. In the performance test of the algorithm model, the optimised MOPSO model can accurately search for the minimum value of 0 at the position (0, 0) under the Rastrig in function, and at the same time, the number of iteration convergence is the least. The GA, ACOM, and traditional MOPSO models have more iterative convergence times, and the optimisation results are 0.10, 0.15, and 0.14, respectively. It can be seen that the performance of the optimised MOPSO model is better. In the specific example analysis, using the optimised MOPSO solution, the project cost was reduced from 31 million yuan in the contract to 30.52 million yuan, and the construction period was shortened from 588 days to 540 days, and met the environmental protection and quality requirements. The research content can provide important decision support for engineering project managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Breast Cancer UK—Breast Cancer Prevention Conference addressed risk from environmental pollutants and health behaviour‐related breast‐cancer risk. Epidemiological studies examining individual chemicals and breast cancer risk have produced inconclusive results including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Bisphenol A, per‐ and polyfluorinated alkyl substances as well as aluminium. However, laboratory studies have shown that multiple EDCs, can work together to exhibit effects, even when combined at levels that alone are ineffective. The TEXB‐α/β assay measures total estrogenic load, and studies have provided evidence of a link between multiple‐chemical exposures and breast cancer. However, prospective studies using TEXB‐α/β are needed to establish a causative link. There is also a need to assess real‐life exposure to environmental‐chemical mixtures during pregnancy, and their potential involvement in programming adverse foetal health outcomes in later life. Higher rates of breast cancer have occurred alongside increases in potentially‐modifiable risk factors such as obesity. Increasing body‐mass index is associated with increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer, but with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, lower rates of breast cancer in Asian compared to Western populations have been linked to soya/isoflavone consumption. Risk is decreased by breastfeeding, which is in addition to the decrease in risk observed for each birth and a young first‐birth. Risk is lower in those with higher levels of self‐reported physical activity. Current evidence suggests breast‐cancer survivors should also avoid weight gain, be physically active, and eat a healthy diet for overall health. A broad scientific perspective on breast cancer risk requires focus on both environmental exposure to chemicals and health behaviour‐related risk. Research into chemical exposure needs to focus on chemical mixtures and prospective epidemiological studies in order to test the effects on breast cancer risk. Behaviour‐related research needs to focus on implementation as well as deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let M g + f be the one-sided Hardy–Littlewood maximal function, φ 1 be a nonnegative and nondecreasing function on [ 0 , ∞) , γ be a positive and nondecreasing function defined on [ 0 , ∞) ; let φ 2 be a quasi-convex function and u , v , w be three weight functions. In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions on weight functions (u , v , w) such that the inequality φ 1 (λ) ∫ { M g + f > λ } u (x) g (x) d x ≤ C ∫ − ∞ + ∞ φ 2 (C | f (x) | v (x) γ (λ) ) w (x) g (x) d x holds. Then, we unify the weak and extra-weak-type one-sided Hardy–Littlewood maximal inequalities in the above inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preoperative planning is important for the osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures. Challenges arise for patients presenting with bilateral wrist injuries or a history of contralateral wrist injuries. In such cases, the estimation of the distal radius morphology and the determination of the plate size from the preoperative physical characteristics could prove beneficial. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the physical characteristics and the morphology of the distal radius articular surface. A total of 79 wrist computed tomography (CT) images (41 women and 38 men) were evaluated. Physical characteristics, such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Three-dimensional CT analysis was performed to investigate the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the distal radius. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationships between height, weight, and BMI and the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the distal radius. A moderate to strong correlation was found in the overall analysis between body height and transverse diameter (r = 0.66). There were also moderate correlations between body height and anteroposterior diameter (r = 0.45) as well as weight and transverse diameter (r = 0.41), both of which were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate a statistically significant correlation between height, weight, and morphology of the distal radius. When analyzed by sex, the correlation between body height and the transverse diameter of the distal radius was found to be relatively strong in women (r = 0.47, p = 0.002), suggesting that it could be a useful indicator for preoperative planning, such as estimating plate size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The relationship between HS and obesity, while well established in adult patients, has drawn increased attention in pediatric patients given the rising prevalence of pediatric obesity worldwide. This review aims to consolidate existing evidence of the relationship between HS and obesity in the pediatric population and to hypothesize about reasons for an association between the two conditions. Our cohort comprised 2911 patients with a mean age of 11.4 years at the age of onset of HS, and based on body mass index (BMI), 42.3% of patients were classified as obese (BMI > 30), and 14% were overweight (BMI 25–29.9). Our findings indicate an association between obesity and HS in pediatric patients, which may be explained through numerous mechanisms, including shared genetic factors, hereditary relationships, and the impact of HS on adolescents’ quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the estimation of biometric parameters from facial visuals, including images and videos, has emerged as a prominent area of research. However, the robustness of deep learning-based models is challenged, particularly in the presence of changing illumination conditions. To overcome these limitations and unlock new opportunities, thermal imagery has arisen as a viable alternative. Nevertheless, the limited availability of datasets containing thermal data and the small amount of annotations on them limits the exploration of this spectrum. Motivated by this gap, this paper introduces the Label-EURECOM Visible and Thermal (LVT) Face Dataset for face biometrics. This pioneering dataset includes paired visible and thermal images and videos from 52 subjects along with metadata of 22 soft biometrics and health parameters. Due to the reduced number of existing datasets in this domain, the LVT Face Dataset aims to facilitate further research and advancements in the utilization of thermal imagery for diverse eHealth applications and soft biometric estimation. Moreover, we present the first comparative study between visible and thermal spectra as input images for soft biometric estimation, namely gender age and weight, from face images on our collected dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight stigma refers to the social rejection, discrimination, and ideological devaluation of individuals because of body size and is a direct result of weight bias and anti-fat attitudes. Individuals with higher weight may be less likely to seek healthcare due to weight stigma, and if or when they do present for care, medical providers with weight bias may fail to provide high quality care. Little, however, is known about the intersectionality of weight stigma and perceptions of healthcare interactions as experienced by individuals who also binge eat. Methods: Community-based adults completed online self-report questionnaires regarding generalized weight stigma (Attitudes Towards Obese Persons1), healthcare interaction quality (Patient Perceptions of Healthcare Provider Interaction Quality; PPH), and disordered eating (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire) via Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. For this cross-sectional study, participants were categorized by the presence and absence of regular binge episodes. Pearson's correlations, T-tests, ANOVA/ANCOVA, and a multivariate regression were used to examine relationships among demographic variables, weight stigma, disordered eating, and the PPH. Results: Participants (N = 648) primarily identified as female (65.4%) and White, non-Hispanic (72.7%). Participants' average age and body mass index (BMI) were 37.5 (SD = 12.3) years old and 27.3 (SD = 6.9) kg/m2, respectively. Higher healthcare provider interaction quality ratings (PPH) were significantly related to lower BMI (r(648)=-0.098,p = 0.012), less weight stigma (r(648) = 0.149,p < 0.001), and identifying as a woman (t(514) = 2.09, p = 0.037, Cohen's d = 0.165) or White, non-Hispanic (t(646)=-2.73, p = 0.007, Cohen's d=-0.240). Participants reporting regular binge eating endorsed significantly worse perceptions of healthcare provider quality than those who did not, even after accounting for BMI, F(1, 645) = 8.42, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.013. A multivariate linear regression examining the PPH as dependent, and weight stigma and binge eating as independent, variable/s, was significant even after accounting for covariates (sex, race, BMI), F(95, 640) = 7.13,p < 0.001, R2 = 0.053 (small effect). Conclusions: More negative experiences with healthcare providers was associated with worse weight stigma, higher BMI, regular binge eating and overall disordered eating, and for participants identifying as male or a Person of Color. These data have implications for non-clinical community populations and are particularly important as experiencing poorer quality of interactions with healthcare providers may decrease individuals' likelihood of seeking needed care for both disordered eating and health-related concerns. Trial Registration: N/A. Plain English summary: Weight stigma refers to the discrimination towards individuals because of body size. Individuals who identify as a Person of Color and who experience binge eating may experience additional discrimination, resulting in barriers to receiving healthcare. To examine these relationships, a community-based sample (N = 648) completed health- and eating-related questionnaires online. Participants who had higher weight rated their perceptions of their interactions with healthcare providers as lower quality. People of Color and men reported lower quality of perceptions of their healthcare provider interactions compared to White, non-Hispanic and female participants, respectively. Participants reporting less weight stigma also reported more positive interactions with their healthcare providers. Participants who reported regular binge eating episodes reported worse quality of interactions with their healthcare providers compared to those who did not report regular binge eating, regardless of their weight. Participants endorsing more stigmatizing views of individuals with higher weight and those reporting regular binge eating were more likely to report poorer perceived quality of interactions with healthcare providers, regardless of their weight, race/ethnicity, or sex. These findings are of particular importance as experiencing poor quality interactions with healthcare providers may be a barrier to receiving needed healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with unknown etiology. Poor dietary intake with nutritional deficiency and overweight have been described to increase the risk of IBS. The aim of the present study was to compare weight and circulating levels of micronutrients in IBS compared with healthy controls. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients diagnosed with IBS and healthy volunteers were recruited. Participants had to complete a dietary diary book and the questionnaires Rome IV, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Weight and height were measured, and blood samples were drawn. C-reactive protein (CRP), cobalamin, folate, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D were analyzed. Differences were calculated between groups and generalized linear model for regressions was adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). Results: IBS patients (n = 260) were elder than controls (n = 50) (44.00 (33.25-56.00) vs. 37.85 (30.18–45.48) years; p = 0.012). After adjustment for age, both weight (β: 5.880; 95% CI: 1.433–10.327; p = 0.010, FDR = 0.020) and body mass index (BMI) (β: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.68–3.36; p = 0.003, FDR = 0.012) were higher in patients. Among IBS participants, 48.1% were overweight/obese compared with 26.0% in controls (p = 0.007). Diarrhea-predominated IBS had highest weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.077). CRP and cobalamin were higher in patients than controls (p = 0.010 vs. p = 0.007), whereas folate was highest in controls (p = 0.001). IBS patients had lower intake of vegetables (p = 0.026), dairy products (p = 0.004), and cereals (p = 0.010) compared with controls. Despite 21.5% of IBS patients were taking vitamin D supplements, 23.65% of them had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L, compared with 26.0% observed in the control group (p = 0.720). Vitamin D levels were lower in overweight than in normal weight IBS patients (60 (48–73) nmol/L vs. 65 (53–78) nmol/L, p = 0.022). Vitamin D correlated with cobalamin and folate but correlated inversely with TIBC and BMI. IBS patients had a high degree of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which were inversely associated with iron levels. Extraintestinal symptoms were associated with increased BMI. Conclusion: IBS patients were often overweight or obese, with low vitamin D levels. High burden of extraintestinal symptoms were associated with overweight and lower iron levels. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05192603 (Date of registration 11/29/2021) and NCT03306381 (Date of registration 09/18/2017), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsIndividuals at a higher weight experience greater victimization and exclusion by peers, and limited research suggests that the salience of one’s body image may increase negative emotional reactions to social rejection. Additionally, social exclusion is related to higher levels of social anxiety (SA). We examined how body salience interacts with SA and weight to predict anxiety, self-esteem, and negative affect following social rejection.Participants were undergraduate women (N = 186). We explored the interactive effects of SA, body mass index (BMI), and body salience (i.e., face versus body photo condition) on emotional response to exclusion in a social ostracism paradigm, Cyberball. BMI and self-reported SA were collected at baseline. One week later, participants played Cyberball and reported state affect, anxiety, and self-esteem before and after the game.The 3-way interaction of BMI, SA, and photo condition did not significantly predict post-exclusion state measures. Photo condition moderated the relationship between SA and post-exclusion anxiety and between BMI and post-exclusion anxiety.Those with higher SA were particularly anxious following exclusion if their bodies were visible to others. Additionally, those with lower BMI experienced greater anxiety after exclusion when their body was visible than those with higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusions In cross‐sectional and retrospective research, parental binge eating is associated with their children's eating psychopathology. The current study extended the evidence by cross‐sectionally and longitudinally examining the relation between parental binge eating and binge eating and weight‐control behaviors in the next generation of their adolescent children and young adult children in a population‐based sample.Adolescents (Time 1: M = 14.5, SD = 2.0 years) (n = 2367), followed into adulthood (Time 2: M = 22.1, SD = 2.0 years), and their parents (n = 3664) were enrolled in EAT 2010–2018 and Project F‐EAT 2010. The current study examined parental binge eating, and child binge eating and weight‐control behaviors. Adjusted models covaried for child gender, age, and race/ethnicity.Approximately 7% of adolescents at Time 1 had at least one parent who reported binge eating with no differences by child's age, gender, or race/ethnicity. Having at least one parent experiencing binge eating at Time 1 (vs. not) was associated cross‐sectionally with adolescent children's use of extreme weight‐control behaviors (9.6% vs. 4.8%; Risk Difference [RD] = 4.9%) and associated longitudinally with binge eating during young adulthood (21.1% vs. 11.6%; RD = 9.5%). Other associations did not reach statistical significance.Children of parents with binge eating appear to have elevated risk of extreme weight‐control behaviors during adolescence and binge eating in young adulthood. Clinicians should assess whether eating psychopathology extends to other family members, and offer additional support to parents with binge eating. Further research is needed to identify risk factors in the children of parents with binge eating and to assess strategies for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) is an important generalist predator that feeds on soft-bodied insects. Its adequate reproduction in the laboratory requires the use of lepidopteran eggs, particularly those of the grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Olivier). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding S. cerealella eggs to C. externa that were and were not frozen on the time of development, weight and length of the larvae. In addition, the daily production of S. cerealella was estimated. The results showed that unfrozen S. cerealella eggs reduced the number of days required for the development of C. externa larvae and increased their weight and length compared to the use of frozen S. cerealella eggs. All the C. externa larvae were viable in both treatments. Similarly, S. cerealella produced the most fertile eggs from days 16 to 19 with an average harvest of 0.785 g per 6 kg of wheat. The S. cerealella eggs cost MX$7.45 /ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a classical computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to find the optimal solution. It still suffers somes defects such as poor local search ability, low search accuracy and premature convergence, especially in high-dimensional complex problems. In order to address these issues, this paper has proposed a novel PSO algorithm with distributed delays of adaptive weights and evolved acceleration coefficients (PSO-DWC). The main idea of the proposed improved PSO algorithm is three-fold: (1) a mechanism is introduced to evaluate the current evolutionary state by evolutionary factors of the swarm and to predict the next state by a probability transition matrix; (2) distributed time-varying time-delays are added into the velocity updated model; (3) adaptive inertia weight varies according to evolutionary factors, which describes the population distribution information; and newly-introduced evolved acceleration coefficients are determined by the predict next evolutionary state of the swarm. Owing to the promising issues mentioned above, the PSO-DWC algorithm has the advantages of keeping the diversity of particles, balancing the local and global search abilities and reaching to an acceptable solution. Experiments on twenty well-known benchmark functions have demonstrated that the proposed PSO-DWC algorithm has a superior performance over other five well-known PSO algorithms in high dimensional search space. Statistical significance tests verify the superiority of the new algorithm. Therefore it can be concluded that the novel PSO-DWC algorithm is able to solve the optimization problems with powerful global search and efficient convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Φ i (i = 1 , 2) be two N-functions, f be a μ -measurable function, and ω i (i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4) be four weight functions. This study presents necessary and sufficient conditions for weight functions (ω 1 , ω 2 , ω 3 , ω 4) such that the inequality ∫ { x : M f (x) > λ } Φ 1 (λ ω 1 (x)) ω 2 (x) d μ (x) ≤ c 1 ∫ X Φ 2 (c 1 | f (x) | ω 3 (x)) ω 4 (x) d μ (x) holds, which extends several established results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of a quantitative mudslide susceptibility evaluation method is of great significance for the prevention and control of mudslide disasters. Through the detailed survey and data compilation of 130 mudslide ditches in Hebei Province, the regional characteristics of mudslides in Hebei Province were analyzed and summarized. On this basis, evaluation factors were selected, the weights of evaluation factors were determined by introducing random forest classification method, the quantitative relationship between evaluation factors and mudslide susceptibility level was established by using Gaussian forward cloud model, and finally, the rationality of the new method was proved by engineering examples. The study shows that the mudflow hazard sites in western and northeastern Hebei Province are surrounded by 600 mm and 700 mm annual rainfall contours, respectively, while the mudflow hazard sites in northern areas are mostly located between 400 mm and 500 mm annual rainfall contours. The key factors of debris flow formation in Hebei Province are rainfall intensity, catchment area, loose material storage along the gully, slope of the gully bank, relative height difference of the watershed and specific drop of the gully. The type of debris flow in Hebei Province is mainly small and medium-sized gully storm-water and rock flow. The engineering example analysis shows that the evaluation results of the cloud model evaluation method of debris flow susceptibility based on random forest empowerment are consistent with the actual situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) are used as cleaner fish in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture as one of multiple control measures against salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Numerous studies have documented weight as an important factor for characterising the cleaning efficacy of individual lumpfish. Hence, the efficacy of lumpfish in fish farms depends on the size at stocking and the weight development over time. Here, we aimed to quantify how weight developed over time for lumpfish deployed in salmon farming sea cages in Norway through modelling the daily growth rate. We found that the coefficient of variation for lumpfish weight increased over time, implying that the standard deviation increased more than the expected weight. The data thus showed heterogeneous growth for lumpfish in salmon farming cages, where some individuals exhibited no apparent growth, and others significant proliferation. We found that the daily growth rate was best described as bell-shaped functions of weight and temperature, consistent with a sigmoid-shaped growth curve and an optimal temperature around 10 °C. These results allow for more realistic modelling of the efficacy of lumpfish in controlling salmon lice in fish farms, as one can combine estimates of weight-dependent cleaning efficacy with weight development over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity is a critical problem worldwide, as it contributes to many pathological diseases. Therefore, Bariatric Surgery (BS) is considered an optimal treatment modality for achieving ideal weight. However, the eye and its functions can be affected after surgery due to the changes that occur throughout the body. Aim: To investigate and analyse visual functions following BS. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Elite Hospital in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, from January 2023 to June 2023. A total of 16 subjects (32 eyes) were enrolled in the study. The subjects were categorised into three groups: preoperative BS (Group I), postoperative six months (Group II), and postoperative duration of one to two years (Group III). All participants underwent complete ophthalmological examinations, including Visual Acuity (VA) measurement using the Snellen chart, refractive error measurement by autorefractometer, colour vision testing using the Ishihara test, Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement, and anterior segment examination using a slit lamp. Additionally, a dryness assessment was performed using clinical tests. Finally, choroidal thickness and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) measurements were obtained using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software Grad Pack Base version 28.0. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the mean values of the three groups. Post-hoc tests were employed for multiple comparisons between groups. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The range of the participants' ages was 24 to 47 years. It was revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly influenced by the time elapsed since BS (p-value=0.04). In contrast, the effect of BS was not statistically significant between groups for both systolic and diastolic measurements (p-value>0.05). Moreover, the automated Central Foveal Thickness (CFT) showed a statistically significant difference between groups, with p-values of 0.013 for the right eye (OD) and 0.016 for the left eye (OS). Although there was no statistical difference in the effect of BS on the OD Ganglion Cell Complex (GCC) (p-value=0.338), there was a significant effect on the OS GCC (p-value=0.03). Post-hoc analysis indicated that participants in Group I had a higher BMI than participants in Group III, with a p-value of 0.036. CFT was significantly increased in Group II OS compared to Group I (p-value=0.016). Group III showed a significantly higher GCC than Group II (p-value=0.028). There was a significant difference in Goldmann IOP among the three groups (p-value=0.009). Additionally, a negative correlation was found between the duration of BS and BMI (r=-0.615, p-value=0.011) as well as for systolic measurements (r=-0.592, p-value=0.016). A strong negative correlation was also observed between Goldmann IOP and BS, which was statistically significant for the OD (r=-0.788*, p-value<0.001) but not for the OS (r=-0.346, p-value=0.189). There was a statistically significant difference in OD nasal choroidal thickness at 500 µm (p-value=0.03) and at 1000 µm (p-value=0.03) among the three groups. Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that some ocular functions were positively altered while others were negatively affected after BS. Choroidal thickness decreased in the six-month postsurgery group but increased in the one to two-year group. IOP decreased in the six-month postsurgery group and further decreased in the one to two-year group. CFT increased in the sixmonth group but decreased in the one to two-year postoperation group. GCC thickness decreased in the six-month group and increased in the one to two-year post-BS group. Measurement of such parameters could serve as a preoperative assessment, especially for glaucomatous and hypertensive individuals who are planning for future BS. These evaluations could also aid in the treatment of eye diseases after surgery. Additionally, normal individuals should undergo pre- and postoperative evaluations of their visual refraction, as this may be altered due to changes in posterior segment parameters, such as choroidal thickness. However, more studies are needed to validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Concerns are prevalent about preterm infant long‐term growth regarding plotting low on growth charts at discharge, stunting, underweight, high body fat and subsequent cardiometabolic morbidities. Objectives: To examine (a) longitudinal growth patterns of extremely and very preterm infants to 3 years corrected age (CA) (outcome), categorised by their birthweight for gestational age: small, appropriate and large for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA, respectively) (exposure); and (b) the ability of growth faltering (<−2 z‐scores) to predict suboptimal cognitive scores at 3 years CA. Methods: Post‐discharge head, length, weight and weight‐4‐length growth patterns of the PreM Growth cohort study infants born <30 weeks and < 1500 g, who had dietitian and multi‐disciplinary support before and after discharge, were plotted against the World Health Organization growth standard. Infants with brain injuries, necrotising enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were excluded. Results: Of the included 405 infants, the proportions of infants with anthropometric measures > − 2 z‐scores improved with age. The highest proportions <−2 z‐scores for length (24.2%) and weight (24.0%) were at 36 gestational weeks. The proportion with small heads was low by 0 months CA (1.8%). By 3 years CA, only a few children plotted lower than −2 z‐scores for length, weight‐4‐length and weight (<6%). After zero months CA, high weight‐4‐length and body mass index > + 2 z‐scores were rare (2.1% at 3 years CA). Those born SGA had higher proportions with shorter heights (16.7% vs. 5.2%) and lower weights (27.8% vs. 3.5%) at 3 years CA compared to those born AGA. The ability of growth faltering to predict cognitive scores was limited (AUROC 0.42, 95% CI 0.39, 0.45 to 0.52, 95% CI 0.41, 0.63). Conclusions: Although children born <30 weeks gestation without major neonatal morbidities plot low on growth charts at 36 weeks CA most catch up to growth chart curves by 3 years CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a collection of notes and reflections made over the course of a year as I learnt the art of Foley. It is practice based, drawn from my experience working at Feet First Sound, a UK-based foley studio. I reflect on the physical and practical challenges of performing foley, the collaborative nature of the job as well as more poetic aspects of the craft. The article is divided into the following sections: assemblage, performance, sonic mimicry, weight, categorization, translation, flow, materiality and messiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical relevance: The association between myopia and body stature is of great significance for understanding prevention and control of myopia. It has been extensively studied in previous studies but without consistent conclusions. Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between body stature and prevalence of reduced visual acuity in high school graduates in Hangzhou, China. Methods: 50,620 high school graduates who finished the physical examination of the national college entrance examination in 2020 were included. Data were derived from the database of physical examination of the national college entrance examination. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the general formula. Visual acuity was measured by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Results: The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 90.38% in high school graduates. Girls had a higher prevalence of reduced visual acuity than boys (93.07% vs 87.60%, P < 0.001). Boys with normal visual acuity were significantly taller (P < 0.001) and heavier (P < 0.001) than those with reduced visual acuity. Girls with normal visual acuity were significantly taller than those with reduced visual acuity (P < 0.001). The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was significantly inversely associated with height in both boys (P < 0.001) and girls (P < 0.001). The risk of reduced visual acuity was the lowest in the fourth quartile of height. The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was significantly associated with BMI only in boys (P < 0.001). The risk of reduced visual acuity was the lowest in the third quartile of BMI. Conclusions: The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was inversely associated with height in both boys and girls, and there was a U-shaped association with BMI only in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weight, balancedness and nonlinearity are important properties of Boolean functions, but they can be difficult to determine in general. In this paper, we study how to compute them for two classes of functions where these problems are more tractable. In particular, we study functions of degree three and the so-called "splitting" functions. The latter are functions that can be written as the sum of two functions defined over disjoint sets of variables. We show how, for splitting functions, studying these properties reduces to the study of simpler functions. We provide then a procedure to compute the weight of a cubic Boolean function. We show computationally that, for a cubic Boolean function with limited number of terms, this procedure is on average significantly more efficient than some other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Steroids, the mainstay of treatment for nephrotic syndrome in children, have multiple adverse effects including growth suppression. Methods: Anthropometric measurements in children < 18 years enrolled in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) were collected. The longitudinal association of medication exposure and nephrotic syndrome characteristics with height z-score and growth velocity was determined using adjusted Generalized Estimating Equation regression and linear regression. Results: A total of 318 children (57.2% males) with a baseline age of 7.64 ± 5.04 years were analyzed. The cumulative steroid dose was 216.4 (IQR 61.5, 652.7) mg/kg (N = 233). Overall, height z-scores were not significantly different at the last follow-up compared to baseline (− 0.13 ± 1.21 vs. − 0.23 ± 1.71, p = 0.21). In models adjusted for age, sex, and eGFR, greater cumulative steroid exposure (β − 7.5 × 10−6, CI − 1.2 × 10−5, − 3 × 10−6, p = 0.001) and incident cases of NS (vs. prevalent) (β − 1.1, CI − 2.22, − 0.11, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with lower height z-scores over time. Rituximab exposure was associated with higher height z-scores (β 0.16, CI 0.04, 0.29, p = 0.01) over time. Conclusion: Steroid dose was associated with lower height z-score, while rituximab use was associated with higher height z-score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, not only has the scope of indicator monitoring expanded but also the indicators themselves have become increasingly multilevel. Theoretically, the greater the number of levels, the more uncertainty there is in the indicators' weights. This necessitates the evaluation of the robustness of scheme comparisons to reduce evaluation risks. By using partial order evaluation methods as analytical tools, this study aims to delineate the principles and methods of partial order representation for single-level indicators. Based on this delineation, it then aims to analyze the representation methods for multilevel indicators. The results reveal that for a two-level indicator system, it is only necessary to clarify the order of weights between the first- and second-level indicators. Through a partial order Hasse diagram, the schemes can be ranked and the robustness of the comparison can be analyzed. Furthermore, three- and four-level indicator systems can be decomposed into several two-level indicator systems to complete the partial order evaluation. A case analysis demonstrates that the partial order uncertainty analysis method can integrate decision-makers' preferences. The Hasse diagram not only ranks the schemes but also achieves stratified clustering, which intuitively reflects the stability of the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]