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Objective Wheel-rail force plays an important role in the study of train running state, wheel off roundness and rail corrugation in rail transit. Current wheel-rail force identification methods have some problems, such as difficulty in data collection, high cost and inability to identify wheel-rail force under rail transit line conditions, so it is necessary to study the real-time wheel-rail force identification network of rail transit lines. Method A real-time wheel-rail force identification network of rail transit lines is constructed based on convolutional neural network. According to the measured data of a type of urban rail transit trailing car, the simulation model is established using SIMPACK software. Based on the simulation data, the accuracy and speed of the real-time wheel-rail force identification network for the lateral and vertical wheel-rail forces under working conditions, such as different curve radii lines and different train running speeds are studied. Result & Conclusion The real-time wheel-rail force identification network has an excellent ability to identify the wheel-rail vertical force, with the correlation coefficients all up to 0.99, and the average absolute error about 500 N and only 1% of the true value. The identification ability of the network for wheel-rail lateral force decreases with the increase of train operating speed, but it is still within the acceptable range. The correlation coefficient decreases from 0.93 to 0.65, and the average absolute error increases from 1 480 N to 3 000 N, which is approximately 20% of the actual value. The proposed network has a fast calculation speed and can meet the needs of wheel-rail force real-time identification.

Muscle quality index (MQI) is a novel indicator reflecting the quality of skeletal muscles. The association between MQI and the development of advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. We investigated the association of low MQI with advanced fibrosis among adults with NAFLD using a nationally representative sample of the US population. Adults with NAFLD who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were included. Sex-specific standard was used to define low and extremely low MQI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between MQI level and advanced fibrosis. In the study, 3758 participants with NAFLD were included. The prevalence of low and extremely low MQI was 11.7% (95% CI 10.4–13.0%) and 2.2% (95% CI 1.6–2.8%), respectively. Among these participants, 96 were assessed to have advanced fibrosis. Individuals with low [(odds ratio (OR) 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–4.91)] and extremely low MQI (OR 10.48, 95% CI 3.20–34.27) were associated with advanced fibrosis in multivariable analysis. A linear trend relationship was also observed between MQI level and the risk of advanced fibrosis (Ptrend = 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded similar results to the main analyses. Decreased MQI is highly prevalent, and is associated with an increased risk of advanced fibrosis in adult US population with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At present, conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy using indigo carmine (IC) is a very useful method to determine the demarcation line (DL) of early gastric cancer lesions, but it is not suitable for all lesions. Aims: This study aimed to determine the applicable conditions for IC chromoendoscopy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 187 lesions in 181 patients who had an endoscopic diagnosis of EGC and were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). According to the existence of the DL between the lesion mucosa and normal mucosa with IC chromoendoscopy, the lesions were divided into two groups: clear group and unclear group. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated in each group. From January 2022 to March 2023, the postoperative pathological sections of 19 lesions (81 slices) in the clear group and 19 lesions (80 slices) in unclear group were scanned with high definition, and the crypt structure between the two groups was evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in clinical factors between the clear group and unclear group. There were significant differences in crypt area, crypt length, and crypt opening diameter between the two groups. In the clear group, there were significant differences in crypt area, crypt length, and crypt opening diameter between the normal area and cancer area, but there was no significant difference in the unclear group. Conclusions: The margins of lesions with fused or absent crypt structures, a small crypt area, a short crypt length, and a short crypt opening diameter can be easily determined with IC chromoendoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, is recognized for its association with alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolome. This study delves into the largely unexplored domain of the gut virome in IBS patients. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the fecal metagenomic data set from 277 IBS patients and 84 healthy controls to characterize the gut viral community. Our findings revealed a distinct gut virome in IBS patients compared to healthy individuals, marked by significant variances in between‐sample diversity and altered abundances of 127 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). Specifically, 111 vOTUs, predominantly belonging to crAss‐like, Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Quimbyviridae families, were more abundant in IBS patients, whereas the healthy control group exhibited enrichment of 16 vOTUs from multiple families. We also investigated the interplay between the gut virome and bacteriome, identifying a correlation between IBS‐enriched bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Fusobacterium varium, and Ruminococcus gnavus, and the IBS‐associated vOTUs. Furthermore, we assessed the potential of gut viral signatures in predicting IBS, achieving a notable area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.834. These findings highlight significant shifts in the viral diversity, taxonomic distribution, and functional composition of the gut virome in IBS patients, suggesting the potential role of the gut virome in IBS pathogenesis and opening new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut virome in IBS management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the accuracy and robustness of autonomous vehicle localization in a complex environment, this paper proposes a multi-source fusion localization method that integrates GPS, laser SLAM, and an odometer model. Firstly, fuzzy rules are constructed to accurately analyze the in-vehicle localization deviation and confidence factor to improve the initial fusion localization accuracy. Then, an odometer model for obtaining the projected localization trajectory is constructed. Considering the high accuracy of the odometer's projected trajectory within a short distance, we used the shape of the projected localization trajectory to inhibit the initial fusion localization noise and used trajectory matching to obtain an accurate localization. Finally, the Dual-LSTM network is constructed to predict the localization and build an electronic fence to guarantee the safety of the vehicle while also guaranteeing the updating of short-distance localization information of the vehicle when the above-mentioned fusion localization is unreliable. Under the limited arithmetic condition of the vehicle platform, accurate and reliable localization is realized in a complex environment. The proposed method was verified by long-time operation on the real vehicle platform, and compared with the EKF fusion localization method, the average root mean square error of localization was reduced by 66%, reaching centimeter-level localization accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Non-Synchronizer Automated Mechanical Transmission (NSAMT) demonstrates a straightforward structure and cost-effectiveness; however, the primary obstacle to its widespread application lies in NSAMT shift control. The implementation of active angle alignment effectively addresses the issue of shifting quality, but achieving active angle alignment necessitates precise tracking of the planned shifting curve by the gear-shifting actuator. To tackle the control problem of accurate tracking for NSAMT shift actuators, this paper initially analyzes the structure and shift characteristics of the NSAMT. Based on this analysis, a physical model is established using Amesim, incorporating a drive motor, two-gear NSAMT, shift actuator, sleeve, and DC motor model. An extended state observer (ESO) is designed to mitigate unknown interference within the system. Furthermore, an active angle alignment control algorithm based on "zero speed difference" and "zero angle difference" for double target tracking is constructed while planning the axial motion trajectory of the sleeve. The Backstepping algorithm is employed to successfully track and regulate this planned trajectory. Finally, through Hardware-in-the-Loop testing, we validate our proposed control strategy, which demonstrates consistent results with simulation outcomes, thereby affirming its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]