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Simple Summary: The aim of our retrospective study was to compare EUS-guided gastroenteroanastomosis (EUS-GE) and enteral stenting (ES) for the palliation of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) in patients already treated with EUS-guided choledocoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO). Our results on 77 patients demonstrated that both EUS-GE and ES are safe and effective for palliation of GOO, but EUS-GE is associated with less recurrence of symptoms. Background: EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel and effective procedure for the management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) with more durable results when compared to enteral stenting (ES). However, data comparing EUS-GE to ES in patients already treated with EUS-guided choledocoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO) are lacking. We aimed to compare outcomes of EUS-GE and ES for the palliation of GOO in this specific population of patients. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients with DMBO treated by EUS-CDS and subsequent GOO treated by EUS-GE or ES from 2016 to 2021 was conducted. Primary outcomes were overall AEs rate and dysfunction of the EUS-CDS after GOO treatment. Secondary outcomes included clinical success, technical success, procedure duration, length of hospital stay and relapse of GOO symptoms. Results: A total of 77 consecutive patients were included in the study: 25 patients underwent EUS-GE and 52 underwent ES. AEs rate and patency outcomes of the EUS-CDS after GOO treatment were comparable between the two groups (12.5% vs. 17.3%; p = 0.74). No recurrence of GOO symptoms was registered in the EUS-GE group while 11.5% of ES patients had symptoms recurrence, even if not statistically significant (p = 0.16), after a mean follow-up period of 63.5 days. Conclusion: EUS-GE and ES are both effective and safe for the palliation of GOO in patients already treated by EUS-CDS for DMBO with no difference in the biliary stent dysfunction rate and overall AEs. EUS-GE is associated with less recurrence of GOO symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: This study aimed to determine safety and risk factors for adverse events (AEs) of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) with long‐term indwell of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS). Methods: This study is a multicenter prospective observational study on consecutive high surgical‐risk patients requiring gallbladder drainage who underwent EUS‐GBD with LAMS over 12 months. Centralized telephone follow‐up interviews were conducted every 3 months for 1 year. Patients were censored at LAMS removal, cholecystectomy, or death. AE‐free survival was determined using log–rank tests. Cumulative risks were estimated using life‐table analysis. Results: Eighty‐two patients were included (53.7% male, median [interquartile range] age of 84.6 [76.5–89.8] years, and 85.4% with acute cholecystitis). Technical success was achieved in 79 (96.3%), and clinical success in 73 (89%). No patient was lost to follow‐up; 45 patients (54.9%) completed 1‐year follow‐up with in situ LAMS. Median (interquartile range) LAMS indwell time was 364 (47–367) days. Overall, 12 (14.6%) patients presented 14 AEs, including 5 (6.1%) recurrent biliary events (3 acute cholangitis, 1 mild acute pancreatitis, and 1 acute cholecystitis). Patients with pancreatobiliary malignancy had an increased risk of recurrent biliary events (33% vs 1.5%, P = 0.001). The overall 1‐year cumulative risk of recurrent biliary events was 9.7% (4.1–21.8%). The 1‐year risk of AEs and of severe AEs was 18.8% (11–31.2%) and 7.9% (3.3–18.2%), respectively. Pancreatobiliary malignancy was the single risk factor for recurrent biliary events; LAMS misdeployment was the strongest risk factor for AEs. Conclusions: Long‐term LAMS indwell does not increase the risk of delayed AEs following EUS‐GBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]