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Abstract The alarming rise of pathogen antibiotic resistance presents a major global health challenge and demands a novel way to control the microbial infections. Simultaneously, nanotechnology has found numerous uses in electrical as well as electronic systems, including timing, filtering, power factor adaptation, and capacitors for energy storage. This work investigates the synthesis and characterization of a silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) utilizing Calotropis procera (CPL) leaf extract. The optimization of synthesis process and the reduction of nanoparticles (NPs) were validated by UV–visible spectroscopy. AgNPs' was exhaustively characterized for morphology, crystallinity, zeta-potential, and structural properties. The produced NPs demonstrated a wide range of characteristics, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Furthermore, remarkable electrochemical performance was indicated by the CPL-AgNPs electrode, which has mesoporous, clustered sphere-shaped particles onto a flexible stainless-steel substrate. This highlights the electrode's potential in energy storage applications. Copper monosulfide served as the anode and CPL-AgNPs as the cathode electrode in tested hybrid supercapacitor devices, which proved remarkable specific capacitances, high specific energy, and exceptionally high specific power. In order to address the twin challenges of antimicrobial resistance alongside advanced energy storage, this study provides a novel and thorough analysis of the basic electrochemistry as well biological properties of AgNPs, clarifying their potential storage of charges mechanisms and biomedical applications. Graphical abstract

Abstract Background The human skin, as the body’s largest organ, is particularly sensitive to many chemical mutagens and carcinogens encountered in daily life. Skin cancer has become a notable global health concern, partly due to increased exposure to environmental pollutants and UV rays. Various treatments are available to treat skin cancer. Imiquimod is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. The present investigation aimed to develop nanoemulsion-based gel with imiquimod (2.5% w/w) and carbopol ultrez 10 NF using a modified method to enhance the solubility, permeation, and therapeutic effectiveness of imiquimod to treat skin cancer. Combinations of rose oil and oleic acid, with Tween 20/Propylene glycol as Smix, were used in the formulation. The formulation underwent evaluation for parameters such as % drug content, in vitro drug diffusion studies, viscosity, skin irritation, in vitro cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) and the DMBA/ croton oil skin cancer in vivo model. Results The formulation showed a minimum globule size of 118 nm, a zeta potential– 56.26 mV, a PDI of 0.378 and a drug content of 99.77%. In vitro drug release exhibited 45.00% of imiquimod release within 8 h, while approximately 34.32% release was found from the commercial cream. The imiquimod-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel showed significant cytotoxicity (p

Abstract Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, including p-tau217, show high associations with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathologic change and clinical stage. Certain plasma p-tau217 assays recognize tau forms phosphorylated additionally at threonine-212, but the contribution of p-tau212 alone to AD is unknown. We developed a blood-based immunoassay that is specific to p-tau212 without cross-reactivity to p-tau217. Here, we examined the diagnostic utility of plasma p-tau212. In five cohorts (n = 388 participants), plasma p-tau212 showed high performances for AD diagnosis and for the detection of both amyloid and tau pathology, including at autopsy as well as in memory clinic populations. The diagnostic accuracy and fold changes of plasma p-tau212 were similar to those for p-tau217 but higher than p-tau181 and p-tau231. Immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue slices showed prominent p-tau212 reactivity in neurofibrillary tangles that co-localized with p-tau217 and p-tau202/205. These findings support plasma p-tau212 as a peripherally accessible biomarker of AD pathophysiology.

Antifungal drugs target specific components or processes within fungal cells to prevent or eliminate their growth. Various antifungal targets exist, including the cell membrane disrupted by drugs such as azoles and polyenes. The cell wall is also a common target, with drugs such as echinocandins inhibiting enzymes that synthesize or disrupt the structure. Ergosterol synthesis is another target that can be inhibited by drugs such as azoles. Drugs such as Fluconazole and flucytosine that target the synthesis of nucleic acids are essential for fungal cell growth and replication. Fungal mitochondria, vital for energy production, also target some antifungal drugs, such as griseofulvin. It's important to note that specific antifungal targets and their mechanisms of action vary based on the fungus being treated and the specific drug being used. In this review, the critical analysis of various research carried out from 2010, and the targets identified were studied and elaborated comprehensively. The review also highlights ongoing clinical trials and patent information on antifungal drugs. It provides narrative data for all the researchers working on developing antifungal drugs.

BACKGROUND: India suffers a quarter of the global burden of cervical cancer (CC) but is controllable by taking some precautions. The major issue is the low amount of participation among women in screening and vaccination for disease. The objective of the research is to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding CC among college going students residing in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh—India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 380 subjects whose ages ranged from 15 to 25 and older. The questionnaires were circulated through google forms. The socio-demographic variables and KAP levels are represented by descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test is used to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and KAP levels. RESULTS: Among 380 subjects, 172 (54.7%) are aware of CC, 71% have poor knowledge, and 20% have good knowledge about CC. More than three-fourths of women 374 (98.4%) are not having regular practice towards CC. CONCLUSION: The awareness about CC is very low in the population, so prevention of CC relies on routine screening, proper vaccination, and treatment. Awareness programs and promoting knowledge about cervical health in social media are required.

Drug repurposing is a methodology used to identify new clinical indications for existing drugs developed for other indications and has been successfully applied in the treatment of numerous conditions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be particularly well-suited to the application of drug repurposing methods given the absence of effective therapies and abundance of multi-omic data that has been generated in AD patients recently that may facilitate discovery of candidate AD drugs. A recent focus of drug repurposing has been in the application of pharmacoepidemiologic approaches to drug evaluation. Here, real-world clinical datasets with large numbers of patients are leveraged to establish observational efficacy of candidate drugs for further evaluation in disease models and clinical trials. In this review, we provide a selected overview of methods for drug repurposing, including signature matching, network analysis, molecular docking, phenotypic screening, semantic network, and pharmacoepidemiological analyses. Numerous methods have also been applied specifically to AD with the aim of nominating novel drug candidates for evaluation. These approaches, however, are prone to numerous limitations and potential biases that we have sought to address in the Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer's Medicines (DREAM) study, a multi-step framework for selection and validation of potential drug candidates that has demonstrated the promise of STAT3 inhibitors and re-evaluated evidence for other drug candidates, such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Taken together, drug repurposing holds significant promise for development of novel AD therapeutics, particularly as the pace of data generation and development of analytical methods continue to accelerate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, developing materials with high power capability is crucial to the rapid deployment of electric vehicles. The Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode material with zero strain rate upon lithium insertion and extraction. The successful implementation of this anode material depends on strategies to overcome the low electronic and ionic conductivity. In this study, Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized using solid‐state approach in which different phases (anatase and rutile) of TiO2 as precursors were used. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies with the existence of Ti3+ ions, which is believed to greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12. The electrochemical performance revealed that the rutile TiO2 precursor concentration significantly affects the resultant Li4Ti5O12 capacity and power capability. The Li4Ti5O12 synthesized using 80% anatase and 20% rutile TiO2 (N2‐LTO) exhibits a specific capacity of 169, 145, 140, 133, 122, 101, and 84 mAh g−1 at 1C, 3C, 5C, 7C, 10C, 20C, and 30C. In addition, LFP||N2‐LTO pouch‐cell was fabricated which showed promising results with 95% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1C rate. The oxygen vacancies created due to the presence of Ti3+/Ti4+ mixed valances and reduced particle size for faster lithium‐ion diffusion significantly enhanced the overall electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Critical components of the nasal endoscopic examination have not been definitively established for either the normal examination or for clinical disorders. This study aimed to identify concordance among rhinologists regarding the importance of examination findings for various nasal pathologies. Study Design: A consortium of 19 expert rhinologists across the United States was asked to rank the importance of findings on nasal endoscopy for 5 different sinonasal symptom presentations. Setting: An online questionnaire was distributed in July 2023. Methods: The questionnaire utilized JotForm® software and featured 5 cases with a set of 4 identical questions per case, each covering a common indication for nasal endoscopy. Rankings were synthesized into Normalized Attention Scores (NASs) and Weighted Normalized Attention Scores (W‐NASs) to represent the perceived importance of each feature, scaled from 0 to 1. Results: General concordance was found for examination findings on nasal endoscopy within each case. The perceived features of importance differed between cases based on clinical presentation. For instance, in evaluating postnasal drip, the middle meatus was selected as the most important structure to examine (NAS, 0.73), with mucus selected as the most important abnormal finding (W‐NAS, 0.66). The primary feature of interest for mucus was whether it was purulent or not (W‐NAS, 0.67). Similar analyses were performed for features in each case. Conclusion: The implicit framework existing among rhinologists may help standardize examinations and improve diagnostic accuracy, augment the instruction of trainees, and inform the development of artificially intelligent algorithms to enhance clinical decision‐making during nasal endoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]