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Bans on the cosmetic use of pesticides in urban green spaces (UGS) is part of the toolbox to reduce pesticide use. While most technical barriers have been lifted, the acceptability of the global changes induced by pesticide-free UGS management is questioned. Public administrators in charge of UGSs have their own preferences and poorly informed opinions on citizens’ ones. A Discrete Choice Experiment approach was adopted to investigate the discrepancy between the preferences of French citizens and public administrators in charge of technical and budget decisions, in 2017, when the pesticide ban was enforced. Results indicate that the most important differences are in the willingness to improve the working conditions of the maintenance teams, the interest in more natural UGSs and the relevance of communication on the pesticide ban. By challenging some of the opinions of UGS administrators with regard to citizens’ preferences, our results remove some of the barriers to a successful transition toward pesticide-free UGSs.

Innovation and adaptation of renewable energy technologies significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase energy efficiency. Understanding the convergence patterns in renewable energy innovation will enable policymakers to design policies to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. This paper applies the convergence algorithm proposed by Philips and Sul to assess the convergence in renewable energy innovation for 90 countries covering the period between 1993 and 2018. This paper also examines the determinants/factors driving the convergence clubs of the countries using Probit and Logit regression. The convergence analyses suggest that there is no global convergence in renewable energy innovation. Findings highlight two convergence clubs: i) a club comprising more innovative countries and ii) another club that includes less innovative countries. We find that countries with higher income per capita, CO2 emissions per capita, research and development (R&D) investment, better environmental regulations and stronger institutional settings are more likely to be part of the innovative club. Countries should increase their R&D investment and environmental regulations and improve their institutional quality to increase their likelihood of belonging to a more innovative club. Furthermore, less innovative countries could promote policies to transfer renewable energy technologies from innovative countries

En España, la aceituna de mesa se produce principalmente en Andalucía. Destaca la producción de Sevilla. El cultivo del olivar con las variedades Manzanilla y Gordal se encuentra en un contexto bastante difícil y complejo desde hace un buen número de años. Por una parte, está en clara desventaja frente a otros sistemas olivareros con variedades con menos costes y más competitivas. Además, la fuerte expansión internacional del olivar de mesa con plantaciones intensivas y costes bajos son un serio competidor para el olivar manzanillo y para el gordal. Y por otra, se ha producido una concentración en el sector de la gran Distribución comercial, adquiriendo un elevado poder de negociación en la cadena de valor. El objetivo general es el estudio de los principales cambios en el cultivo del olivar de las variedades Manzanilla y Gordal, y la estimación de la rentabilidad de la cadena de valor

El Consejo Regulador de las Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas (IGP) de las aceitunas de mesa tradicionales sevillanas como son Aceituna Manzanilla de Sevilla y Aceituna Gordal de Sevilla junto a la Universidad de Sevilla han realizado un proyecto de investigación con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de las características geográficas de las parcelas adscritas a la IGP para disponer de una herramienta de análisis y valoración de su grado de sostenibilidad. El estudio y análisis de los datos nos permitirá comprender, y por tanto si fuera preciso intervenir, las relaciones espaciales y temporales de la producción de aceituna Manzanilla y Gordal en el marco territorial protegido de la IGP

The Circular Economy (CE) has notable potential for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of agriculture. However, the literature on the CE has focused on the industrial sector, leaving significant gaps in the analysis of sustainable circular models in agriculture. In the case of traditional table-olive cultivation, which suffers from serious competitiveness problems, the possibilities of the CE are particularly relevant. Given the lack of previous research for the sector, this work aims to map the circular practices carried out in traditional tableolive groves and identify their drivers and barriers. To this end, an exploratory methodology of mixed approaches is proposed that combines desk research, observational fieldwork, focus groups with stakeholders and experts, and farmers’ in-depth interviews. This methodology can be generalised to other crops. The results obtained have enabled up to 59 practices to be brought to light throughout all stages of the life cycle of olive cultivation, which cover all the principles and strategies of the CE. Plant covers, the use of eco-efficient techniques, the repair and sharing of machinery and tools, and the management of organic outputs stand out. The collaborative economy and institutional support were identified as the main drivers, while technical-economic barriers and regulatory limitations constitute the main obstacles detected. Based on these results, three groups of recommendations are proposed as a guide to future policies for which certain CE practices are highlighted: increase financial incentives, create a stable legislative framework, and reinforce incentives for the collaborative economy.

Se aborda una investigación histórica centrada en la evolución del comercio de la aceituna de mesa a través del Guadalquivir y, principalmente, en sus años de apogeo desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la última década del siglo XX, como lo atestigua el que en ya en el año 1960 la comercialización de la aceituna de mesa sevillana a través del Puerto de Sevilla fue 16,3 veces mayor que en 1891 (pasando de 5,8 a 94,8 millones de Kg). El inicio y final de este periodo coincide con un momento de esplendor y decadencia, respectivamente del Puerto de Sevilla, que pasa de ser uno de los puertos más importantes del sur de España a ser sustituido en gran medida por otros puertos marítimos cercanos. En el caso concreto de la comercialización de la aceituna de mesa sevillana, el Puerto de Sevilla es principalmente sustituido por el Puerto de Algeciras.

Bans on the cosmetic use of pesticides in urban green spaces (UGS) is part of the toolbox to reduce pesticide use. While most technical barriers have been lifted, the acceptability of the global changes induced by pesticide-free UGS management is questioned. Public administrators in charge of UGSs have their own preferences and poorly informed opinions on citizens’ ones. A Discrete Choice Experiment approach was adopted to investigate the discrepancy between the preferences of French citizens and public administrators in charge of technical and budget decisions, in 2017, when the pesticide ban was enforced. Results indicate that the most important differences are in the willingness to improve the working conditions of the maintenance teams, the interest in more natural UGSs and the relevance of communication on the pesticide ban. By challenging some of the opinions of UGS administrators with regard to citizens’ preferences, our results remove some of the barriers to a successful transition toward pesticide-free UGSs.

Innovation and adaptation of renewable energy technologies significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase energy efficiency. Understanding the convergence patterns in renewable energy innovation will enable policymakers to design policies to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. This paper applies the convergence algorithm proposed by Philips and Sul to assess the convergence in renewable energy innovation for 90 countries covering the period between 1993 and 2018. This paper also examines the determinants/factors driving the convergence clubs of the countries using Probit and Logit regression. The convergence analyses suggest that there is no global convergence in renewable energy innovation. Findings highlight two convergence clubs: i) a club comprising more innovative countries and ii) another club that includes less innovative countries. We find that countries with higher income per capita, CO2 emissions per capita, research and development (R&D) investment, better environmental regulations and stronger institutional settings are more likely to be part of the innovative club. Countries should increase their R&D investment and environmental regulations and improve their institutional quality to increase their likelihood of belonging to a more innovative club. Furthermore, less innovative countries could promote policies to transfer renewable energy technologies from innovative countries

Although traffic police enforcement is widely recognized as a key action in the road safety field, it can be a costly policy to implement. In addition, governments often impose budget constraints that can limit the resources available for activities such as law enforcement and surveillance. To evaluate the impact of human traffic control resources planning on traffic fatalities on Spanish NUTS-3 regions interurban roads, this paper uses an econometric model to investigate the performance of police enforcement intensity by focusing on two crucial traffic law infractions (i.e., speeding and drunk driving). After controlling for a range of economic, demographic, climate, and risk exposure variables, results highlight the relevance of visible, human, and in-person traffic law enforcement through regular vehicle patrols for reducing traffic crashes, with a non-significant effect of automatic enforcement. Our findings have important implications for traffic police resource management regarding the effective maintenance of patrol cars and plans to digitalize and automatize police administrative tasks and procedures.

Innovation and adaptation of renewable energy technologies significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase energy efficiency. Understanding the convergence patterns in renewable energy innovation will enable policymakers to design policies to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. This paper applies the convergence algorithm proposed by Philips and Sul to assess the convergence in renewable energy innovation for 90 countries covering the period between 1993 and 2018. This paper also examines the determinants/factors driving the convergence clubs of the countries using Probit and Logit regression. The convergence analyses suggest that there is no global convergence in renewable energy innovation. Findings highlight two convergence clubs: i) a club comprising more innovative countries and ii) another club that includes less innovative countries. We find that countries with higher income per capita, CO2 emissions per capita, research and development (R&D) investment, better environmental regulations and stronger institutional settings are more likely to be part of the innovative club. Countries should increase their R&D investment and environmental regulations and improve their institutional quality to increase their likelihood of belonging to a more innovative club. Furthermore, less innovative countries could promote policies to transfer renewable energy technologies from innovative countries

Uno de los actuales problemas de la Educación Superior es la cuestión de las tasas de abandono universitario. Este trabajo aborda dicha cuestión para el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE), una de las 5 titulaciones universitarias con más salidas profesionales en el mercado español. Concretamente, se realiza un primer análisis descriptivo del abandono de los estudiantes de GADE de la Universidad de Sevilla y, apoyándonos en estudios anteriores, poniendo el foco en la dimensión de género

Bans on the cosmetic use of pesticides in urban green spaces (UGS) is part of the toolbox to reduce pesticide use. While most technical barriers have been lifted, the acceptability of the global changes induced by pesticide-free UGS management is questioned. Public administrators in charge of UGSs have their own preferences and poorly informed opinions on citizens’ ones. A Discrete Choice Experiment approach was adopted to investigate the discrepancy between the preferences of French citizens and public administrators in charge of technical and budget decisions, in 2017, when the pesticide ban was enforced. Results indicate that the most important differences are in the willingness to improve the working conditions of the maintenance teams, the interest in more natural UGSs and the relevance of communication on the pesticide ban. By challenging some of the opinions of UGS administrators with regard to citizens’ preferences, our results remove some of the barriers to a successful transition toward pesticide-free UGSs.

Firm-level bribery and regulation are two of the many determinants of firm performance. However, most of the existing studies examine the direct and linear effects of bribery and regulation and overlook their indirect effects. Using firm-level data, covering 20,343 firms in 78 developing countries, and employing a threshold model, the effects of firm performance’s standard determinants vary based on the bribery and regulation levels. Our findings reveal that the impact of bribery and regulation on firm performance varies significantly depending on corruption and regulation levels. Access to external finance improves firm performance if and only if the firms are exposed to bribes and firm-level regulation is below a given threshold. Furthermore, exports boost the performance of the firms that are exposed to more bribery and spend more time with regulation than those that face lower levels of regulation and bribery. While bribery harms firm performance, our findings reveal that spending time with regulation could improve firm performance if firms are exposed to low levels of bribery. Our findings confirm the ‘sand the wheels’ hypothesis and limiting firm-level bribery improves firm performance.

Higher education is currently facing several challenges as a result of an uncertain environment. This has led to a demand from organisations for employees with an entrepreneurial, innovative, and risk-taking profile in a global environment. These traits are characteristic of the so-called intrapreneurs. This paper compares the intrapreneurial intentions of university students in Spain and Nicaragua by analysing the effect of the variables age, gender, previous professional experience and entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial training. Based on a total sample of 474 students, among the main results, we highlight the fact that Nicaraguan students have a higher assessment of innovation and risk-taking than Spanish students. In addition, age and professional experience are common variables that improve innovation and risk-taking for both groups. Although there is no gender gap among Nicaraguan students, in Spanish students women are rated lower than men.

The Circular Economy (CE) has notable potential for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of agriculture. However, the literature on the CE has focused on the industrial sector, leaving significant gaps in the analysis of sustainable circular models in agriculture. In the case of traditional table-olive cultivation, which suffers from serious competitiveness problems, the possibilities of the CE are particularly relevant. Given the lack of previous research for the sector, this work aims to map the circular practices carried out in traditional tableolive groves and identify their drivers and barriers. To this end, an exploratory methodology of mixed approaches is proposed that combines desk research, observational fieldwork, focus groups with stakeholders and experts, and farmers’ in-depth interviews. This methodology can be generalised to other crops. The results obtained have enabled up to 59 practices to be brought to light throughout all stages of the life cycle of olive cultivation, which cover all the principles and strategies of the CE. Plant covers, the use of eco-efficient techniques, the repair and sharing of machinery and tools, and the management of organic outputs stand out. The collaborative economy and institutional support were identified as the main drivers, while technical-economic barriers and regulatory limitations constitute the main obstacles detected. Based on these results, three groups of recommendations are proposed as a guide to future policies for which certain CE practices are highlighted: increase financial incentives, create a stable legislative framework, and reinforce incentives for the collaborative economy.

Uno de los actuales problemas de la Educación Superior es la cuestión de las tasas de abandono universitario. Este trabajo aborda dicha cuestión para el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE), una de las 5 titulaciones universitarias con más salidas profesionales en el mercado español. Concretamente, se realiza un primer análisis descriptivo del abandono de los estudiantes de GADE de la Universidad de Sevilla y, apoyándonos en estudios anteriores, poniendo el foco en la dimensión de género

Uno de los actuales problemas de la Educación Superior es la cuestión de las tasas de abandono universitario. Este trabajo aborda dicha cuestión para el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE), una de las 5 titulaciones universitarias con más salidas profesionales en el mercado español. Concretamente, se realiza un primer análisis descriptivo del abandono de los estudiantes de GADE de la Universidad de Sevilla y, apoyándonos en estudios anteriores, poniendo el foco en la dimensión de género

Although researchers have investigated the relationship between inter-organisational collaboration andfirm performance, there is scattered evidence on the relationship between environmental collaboration and environmental performance in agri-food supply chains. This study assesses the effects of environmental collaboration onfive dimensions of environmental performance (greenhouse gas emissions management, energy management, food waste management, food safety management, and water footprint management) in agri-food supply chains, particularly when mediated and moderated by customer and regulatory pressures. This study used a survey of Chilean agri-food companies. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. We found that environmental collaboration positively influences all five dimensions of environmental performance and that customer and regulatory pressures mediate this relationship. The dimension most affected by environmental collaboration was water footprint management. Finally, we provide recommendations for improving the environmental performance of companies in agri-food supply chains through collaboration.

While universities are expected to exemplify sustainable practices, they often encounter high energy demands. This dichotomy highlights the necessity for research into their energy consumption. Through a Systematic Literature Review, we examined international research trends in this field and explored factors influencing energy consumption. The importance of this article stems from its novel approach to energy consumption in universities, addressed from a global and comprehensive perspective, offering generalizable insights. Additionally, it pioneers in the use of a market concentration indicator (Herfindahl–Hirschman index) to measure the level of diversity in various bibliometric aspects. The extended perspective of our approach helps to close knowledge gaps about scientific trends and common energy consumption factors. Our results show that this topic has been investigated with limited involvement of social sciences. Building function, research intensity, and disciplinary orientation are distinctive factors in energy consumption in this field. Most influential authors, countries, and journals in this area were identified. This analysis contributes academically, by mapping research trends and providing guidance for future studies; practically, by offering insights for educational administrators on common factors affecting energy consumption; and in terms of policy, by advocating for the promotion of social sciences-based investigations on the topic.

Invasive alien species are the second cause of biodiversity loss worldwide and imply huge economic costs related to their impact on ecosystems, production systems, and human health. Quantifying these losses is a complex task, but it becomes essen- tial to evaluate the problem and support measures to prevent and control biological invasions. In the last 6 years, Rugulopteryx okamurae has invaded a large part of the rocky bottoms of the coasts of the Strait of Gibraltar. Moreover, it has meant significant losses for the economic activities that take place along the Andalusian coast. Using a mixed-method approach, this work estimated the costs associated with the pres- ence of Rugulopteryx okamurae in the municipality of Tarifa, Spain, in a minimum annual loss of more than three million euros, concentrated mainly in the fishing sector and public administration. These results buttress the relevance of prevention, early detection, and prompt action measures to soften the economic impact of future biological invasion processes in the marine-coastal environment.

The Research Excellence Framework (REF) follows a set of submission rules. Here we analyse whether the submission rules of the impact element arguably shaped the submission sizes of the submitting units – a group of academics researching on a specific subject area in higher education providers – to the REF in 2014. The number of impact case studies required was determined by the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) staff members submitted by the unit. We argue that units that did not have an extra impact case study or units’ perception of lower quality of additional impact case study made some units to lower their submission sizes. We show that there were proportionately more submissions with a size just below the threshold FTE – a threshold used to identify the numbers of impact case studies – than those just above the threshold, suggesting that some units arguably decreased their size to return fewer impact studies.

This paper aims to address the current limitations in knowledge about e-democracy by establishing the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of scientific literature. Hence, this paper offers an in-depth bibliometric analysis of the literature that has addressed this reality since its first publication in 1983. The most important scientific databases currently used in the academic field were consulted to achieve this objective: Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. In the case of WoS, 540 articles were identified, 572 in the case of Scopus. The results were harmonised to obtain a final 773 articles under study. This harmonisation of results from different databases is a differential element concerning other studies in which the analysis was carried out on a single database, thus reducing a global and homogeneous vision of the possible connections and interrelationships of the realities analysed. The information collected has been processed using the Bibliometrix tool, which provides information on annual scientific production, authors, journals, topics, keywords, etc. The processing and analysis of the results has made it possible to identify research trends in the area, establish relationships between them and detect future research opportunities for the e-democracy phenomenon., Este artículo aborda las limitaciones actuales en el conocimiento de la democracia electrónica estableciendo la estructura conceptual, intelectual y social de la literatura científica. Se realiza un análisis bibliométrico en profundidad desde la primera publicación en 1983. Se consultaron las bases científicas más importantes en la académica: Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus. En el caso de WoS, se identificaron 540 artículos, 572 en el caso de Scopus que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados se armonizaron obteniendo un total de 773 artículos objeto de estudio. Esta armonización es un elemento diferencial respecto a otros estudios en los que el análisis se ha realizado sobre una única base de datos, reduciendo así una visión global y homogénea de las posibles conexiones e interrelaciones de las realidades analizadas. La información recogida se ha procesado utilizando la herramienta Bibliometrix, que proporciona información sobre producción científica anual, autores, revistas, temas, palabras clave, etc. El tratamiento y análisis de los resultados ha permitido identificar tendencias de investigación en el área, establecer relaciones entre ellas y detectar futuras oportunidades de investigación para el fenómeno de la e-democracia.

This research provides new empirical evidence of the gender gap in university studies in the economics-business area based on econometric analysis (mean difference, OLS, quantile regression, logit/probit). The sample includes 717 first-year students of the 2016–2020 economics, business administration and management, and marketing degree courses at the University of Seville, Spain. Gender differences favoring female students both in the variables prior to entering the university and in university academic success indicators are documented. The findings continue to indicate the underrepresentation of women in these studies (40.4%), even though better academic performance and retention results for women are documented in the estimated models. The dissemination of these results could encourage females to choose these studies, thereby helping to achieve more equality in the profession.

This work delves into the increasing relevance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of sustainable policy-making, proposing an innovative hetero-intelligence framework that blends human and artificial intelligence (AI) for tackling modern sustainability challenges. The research methodology includes a hetero-intelligence performance test, which juxtaposes human intelligence with AI in the formulation and implementation of sustainable policies. After testing this hetero-intelligence methodology, seven steps are rigorously described so that it can be replicated in any sustainability planning related context. The results underscore the capabilities and limitations of LLMs, underscoring the critical role of human intelligence in enhancing the efficacy of hetero-intelligence systems. This work fulfils the need of a rigorous methodological framework based on empirical steps that can provide unbiased outcomes to be integrated into sustainable planning and decision-making processes.

This paper aims to address the current limitations in knowledge about e-democracy by establishing the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of scientific literature. Hence, this paper offers an in-depth bibliometric analysis of the literature that has addressed this reality since its first publication in 1983. The most important scientific databases currently used in the academic field were consulted to achieve this objective: Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. In the case of WoS, 540 articles were identified, 572 in the case of Scopus. The results were harmonised to obtain a final 773 articles under study. This harmonisation of results from different databases is a differential element concerning other studies in which the analysis was carried out on a single database, thus reducing a global and homogeneous vision of the possible connections and interrelationships of the realities analysed. The information collected has been processed using the Bibliometrix tool, which provides information on annual scientific production, authors, journals, topics, keywords, etc. The processing and analysis of the results has made it possible to identify research trends in the area, establish relationships between them and detect future research opportunities for the e-democracy phenomenon., Este artículo aborda las limitaciones actuales en el conocimiento de la democracia electrónica estableciendo la estructura conceptual, intelectual y social de la literatura científica. Se realiza un análisis bibliométrico en profundidad desde la primera publicación en 1983. Se consultaron las bases científicas más importantes en la académica: Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus. En el caso de WoS, se identificaron 540 artículos, 572 en el caso de Scopus que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados se armonizaron obteniendo un total de 773 artículos objeto de estudio. Esta armonización es un elemento diferencial respecto a otros estudios en los que el análisis se ha realizado sobre una única base de datos, reduciendo así una visión global y homogénea de las posibles conexiones e interrelaciones de las realidades analizadas. La información recogida se ha procesado utilizando la herramienta Bibliometrix, que proporciona información sobre producción científica anual, autores, revistas, temas, palabras clave, etc. El tratamiento y análisis de los resultados ha permitido identificar tendencias de investigación en el área, establecer relaciones entre ellas y detectar futuras oportunidades de investigación para el fenómeno de la e-democracia.

Higher education is currently facing several challenges as a result of an uncertain environment. This has led to a demand from organisations for employees with an entrepreneurial, innovative, and risk-taking profile in a global environment. These traits are characteristic of the so-called intrapreneurs. This paper compares the intrapreneurial intentions of university students in Spain and Nicaragua by analysing the effect of the variables age, gender, previous professional experience and entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial training. Based on a total sample of 474 students, among the main results, we highlight the fact that Nicaraguan students have a higher assessment of innovation and risk-taking than Spanish students. In addition, age and professional experience are common variables that improve innovation and risk-taking for both groups. Although there is no gender gap among Nicaraguan students, in Spanish students women are rated lower than men.

The Circular Economy (CE) has notable potential for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of agriculture. However, the literature on the CE has focused on the industrial sector, leaving significant gaps in the analysis of sustainable circular models in agriculture. In the case of traditional table-olive cultivation, which suffers from serious competitiveness problems, the possibilities of the CE are particularly relevant. Given the lack of previous research for the sector, this work aims to map the circular practices carried out in traditional table-olive groves and identify their drivers and barriers. To this end, an exploratory methodology of mixed approaches is proposed that combines desk research, observational fieldwork, focus groups with stakeholders and experts, and farmers' in-depth interviews. This methodology can be generalised to other crops. The results obtained have enabled up to 59 practices to be brought to light throughout all stages of the life cycle of olive cultivation, which cover all the principles and strategies of the CE. Plant covers, the use of eco-efficient techniques, the repair and sharing of machinery and tools, and the management of organic outputs stand out. The collaborative economy and institutional support were identified as the main drivers, while technical-economic barriers and regulatory limitations constitute the main obstacles detected. Based on these results, three groups of recommendations are proposed as a guide to future policies for which certain CE practices are highlighted: increase financial incentives, create a stable legislative framework, and reinforce incentives for the collaborative economy.

This research provides new empirical evidence of the gender gap in university studies in the economics-business area based on econometric analysis (mean difference, OLS, quantile regression, logit/probit). The sample includes 717 first-year students of the 2016–2020 economics, business administration and management, and marketing degree courses at the University of Seville, Spain. Gender differences favoring female students both in the variables prior to entering the university and in university academic success indicators are documented. The findings continue to indicate the underrepresentation of women in these studies (40.4%), even though better academic performance and retention results for women are documented in the estimated models. The dissemination of these results could encourage females to choose these studies, thereby helping to achieve more equality in the profession.

This paper aims to address the current limitations in knowledge about e-democracy by establishing the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of scientific literature. Hence, this paper offers an in-depth bibliometric analysis of the literature that has addressed this reality since its first publication in 1983. The most important scientific databases currently used in the academic field were consulted to achieve this objective: Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. In the case of WoS, 540 articles were identified, 572 in the case of Scopus. The results were harmonised to obtain a final 773 articles under study. This harmonisation of results from different databases is a differential element concerning other studies in which the analysis was carried out on a single database, thus reducing a global and homogeneous vision of the possible connections and interrelationships of the realities analysed. The information collected has been processed using the Bibliometrix tool, which provides information on annual scientific production, authors, journals, topics, keywords, etc. The processing and analysis of the results has made it possible to identify research trends in the area, establish relationships between them and detect future research opportunities for the e-democracy phenomenon., Este artículo aborda las limitaciones actuales en el conocimiento de la democracia electrónica estableciendo la estructura conceptual, intelectual y social de la literatura científica. Se realiza un análisis bibliométrico en profundidad desde la primera publicación en 1983. Se consultaron las bases científicas más importantes en la académica: Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus. En el caso de WoS, se identificaron 540 artículos, 572 en el caso de Scopus que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados se armonizaron obteniendo un total de 773 artículos objeto de estudio. Esta armonización es un elemento diferencial respecto a otros estudios en los que el análisis se ha realizado sobre una única base de datos, reduciendo así una visión global y homogénea de las posibles conexiones e interrelaciones de las realidades analizadas. La información recogida se ha procesado utilizando la herramienta Bibliometrix, que proporciona información sobre producción científica anual, autores, revistas, temas, palabras clave, etc. El tratamiento y análisis de los resultados ha permitido identificar tendencias de investigación en el área, establecer relaciones entre ellas y detectar futuras oportunidades de investigación para el fenómeno de la e-democracia.

Invasive alien species are the second cause of biodiversity loss worldwide and imply huge economic costs related to their impact on ecosystems, production systems, and human health. Quantifying these losses is a complex task, but it becomes essen- tial to evaluate the problem and support measures to prevent and control biological invasions. In the last 6 years, Rugulopteryx okamurae has invaded a large part of the rocky bottoms of the coasts of the Strait of Gibraltar. Moreover, it has meant significant losses for the economic activities that take place along the Andalusian coast. Using a mixed-method approach, this work estimated the costs associated with the pres- ence of Rugulopteryx okamurae in the municipality of Tarifa, Spain, in a minimum annual loss of more than three million euros, concentrated mainly in the fishing sector and public administration. These results buttress the relevance of prevention, early detection, and prompt action measures to soften the economic impact of future biological invasion processes in the marine-coastal environment.

This work delves into the increasing relevance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of sustainable policy-making, proposing an innovative hetero-intelligence framework that blends human and artificial intelligence (AI) for tackling modern sustainability challenges. The research methodology includes a hetero-intelligence performance test, which juxtaposes human intelligence with AI in the formulation and implementation of sustainable policies. After testing this hetero-intelligence methodology, seven steps are rigorously described so that it can be replicated in any sustainability planning related context. The results underscore the capabilities and limitations of LLMs, underscoring the critical role of human intelligence in enhancing the efficacy of hetero-intelligence systems. This work fulfils the need of a rigorous methodological framework based on empirical steps that can provide unbiased outcomes to be integrated into sustainable planning and decision-making processes.