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Temporo-mandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a major cause of non-dental pain in the orofacial region, the effects of which may be presumed to form at the site where the greatest forces are exerted, and host resistance is least. The signs and symptoms of TMDs which are observed in patients with psychiatric easy disease observed and measured by anthropometrical methods and correct with specific treatment. The literature reviewed in the present work revealed that suggests a complex relationship between psychological status and treatment outcome and TMDs signs and symptoms in different groups of individuals persists and the specificity and morphological dates also. Timely identification and the management of this condition may improve the comfort and psychic status of the patients, underlined also in our research.

Aim. The aim of study was to assess the root-filled teeth with periapical lesions by using Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PEES) index. Materials and method. The study group included 166 filled root canals (70 molars and premolars) in 42 patients (gender: 12 males, 32 females; mean age 35.90 ± 10.571 yrs.) treated in Clinical Base of Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.M.F. “Grigore T.Popa” Iasi. The evaluation of root canals and periapical areas was performed by using the two components of Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PEES) index, COPI and ETTI. Results. Distribution of COPI components in the study group was as follows: COPI D: 30,7% D1, 69,3% D3; COPI R: 27,1% R1, 70,5% R2, 2,4% R3; COPI S: S1 16,3%, S2 21,7%, S3 62%. Distribution of ETTI components in the study group was as follows: ETTI L: 42,2% L1, 43,4% L2, 5,4% L3, 5,4% L4, 3,6% L5; ETTI H: 36,7% H1, 63,3% H2; ETTI CS: 10,8% CS1, 89,2% CS2; ETTI CF: 3,6% CF1, 9% CF2, 5,4% CF3, 81,9% CF5. Conclusions. In endodontically treated teeth with apical periodontitis, PEES indices allowed to detect 62% of root canals with periapical lesions with diameter over 5 mm, while more than two thirds of teeth roots had periapical lesions extended in cortical bone (69,3%) affecting more than one root (70,2%). All teeth roots with apical radiolucency and non-treated root canals as well as roots with perforations or resorptions had apical lesions with diameter over 5 mm extended in cortical bone. The presence of apical radiolucency more than one root was associated to overfilling or root resorption.

Dysfunctional syndromes of the stomatognathic system are interconnected with various pathologies, including complex psychiatric conditions. In these intricate cases, an interdisciplinary approach that integrates both dentistry and psychiatry is crucial. Effective oral rehabilitation demands strategic treatment plans designed to enhance quality of life and achieve optimal results for patients with schizophrenia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in the size of periapical lesions in patients with ENT cancer before and after radiotherapy by using the imaging examination represented by CT. Materials and methods: our study included 35 cancer patients-34 men and one female, with ENT cancer, under treatment at the Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi. They were examinated by four endodontist, two radiologists and an ENT doctor. We measured the size of the periapical lesions before and after radiotherapy. Results: We found the change in the dimensions of periapical lesions: their maximum overall size was initially 5.4591 ± 3.88509 mm; after radiotherapy the global maximum size reached 7.0000 ± 3.37510, reaching 14.00 mm. The observed difference was statistically significant, so it could be stated that radiotherapy accentuates the severity of periapical lesions systematically. Before radiotherapy, the most extensive periapical lesions were observed in the case of laryngeal neoplasm ( with an average of 6.6778 ± 4.17246 mm) and nasopharyngeal neoplasm ( with an average of 6.000 ± 2.82843 mm) and the lowest ones were found in the case of the neoplasm of the oropharynx (with an average of 4.0000 ± 3.74166 mm). After radiotherapy, we found an increase in the size of the periapical lesions in the case of all five types of neoplasm investigated. The most extensive lesions were observed in the case of the neoplasm of the oropharynx, with an average of 7.6000 ± 3.84708 mm, followed by the neoplasm of the larynx, with an average of 7.4000 ± 3.33999 and the neoplasm of the oral cavity, with an average of 7.4000 ± 4.33590 mm. Disscusions: In terms of expectancy and quality of life of patients can only be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. As soon as the dentist diagnoses a pontetially malignant disorder in the ENT sphere, patients should undergo an ENT screening complete for detecting lesions in any area of the upper aerodigestive tract. After radiotherapy an increase in the size of the periapical lesions is observed. The ENT doctor must encourage the patients with ENT cancer to extract their teeth with periapical lesions before the implementation of radiotherapy to avoid the risk of postradiotherapy osteoradionecrosis. Conclusions: By using CT, the increase in the size of periapical lesions after radiotherapy is observed in patients with cancer in the ENT sphere.

Dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system interferes with interferes with many pathologies among which in the present situation, with the characteristics of complex psychiatric pathology. There are cases with a high index of complexity that can be treated only by interdisciplinary approach dentistry-psychiatry. Complex oral rehabilitation imposes strategies and treatments to facilitate a good result in increasing the quality of life and the optimum result of patients with schizophrenia-type psychiatric elements.

Aim of study. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of periapical lesions in root-filled lateral teeth as well as the distribution of periapical lesions according to various factors that can influence the therapeutic outcome. Materials and method. The study group included 163 patients (gender: 58 males, 105 females; mean age 48.13 ± 14.708 yrs.) with at least 2-yrs. follow-up of 412 endodontically treated teeth. Following the radiographic assessment of the root and its periapical area, the root canal treatments were classified as adequate and poor, while the apical lesions was diagnosed on radiographic examen. The quality of coronal marginal sealing (poor, adequate) was assessed by radiographic examen. The distribution of apical lesion was assessed on socio-demographical parameters (gender, age groups), location (maxillary, mandibular), follow-up, quality of root canal filling, status of coronal marginal sealing, occlusal contacts, recurrent caries. Results. Periapical lesions prevalence in root-filled lateral teeth was as follows: gender (males- 47,3%; females- 50,2%); age groups (20-39 yrs.- 41,9%; 40-59 yrs.- 52,4%; ≥60 yrs.- 47,4%); follow-up (2-4 yrs.- 57,7%; 5-8 yrs.- 44,5%) (p=.010*); location (maxillary teeth- 46,1%; mandibular teeth- 54,5%). 58% of teeth with poor coronal marginal sealing, and 59% of teeth with poor root canal fillings were diagnosed with AP. Conclusions. Apical lesions were detected in 49.3% of the lateral root-filled teeth. Molars, poor root canals fillings, poor coronal marginal sealing, presence of recurrent caries were significantly associated with endodontic periapical lesions.

Aim of study. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of periapical lesions in root-filled lateral teeth as well as the distribution of periapical lesions according to various factors that can influence the therapeutic outcome. Materials and method. The study group included 50 patients (gender: 12 males, 38 females; mean age 51.48 ± 13.218). A total number of 150 anterior root-filled teeth were evaluated at 2-8 yrs. post-treatment. Following the radiographic assessment of the root and its periapical area, the root-canals fillings were classified as adequate and poor. The status of periapical area was assessed on periapical radiographic images. The quality of coronal marginal sealing was assessed as poor or adequate by clinical and radiographic examen. The distribution of apical periodontitis was assessed according to socio-demographical parameters (gender, age groups), location (maxillary, mandibular), follow-up, quality of root canal filling, status of coronal marginal sealing, recurrent caries. Results. The global prevalence of apical periodontitis was 50,7%. The prevalence of apical periodontitis in root-filled anterior teeth was as follows: gender (males- 37,5%; females- 54,2%); age groups (20-39 yrs.- 30%; 40-59 yrs.- 52,9%; ≥60 yrs.- 57,1%); location (maxillary teeth- 42,4%; mandibular teeth- 81,3%). The prevalence of apical periodontitis was 70% in teeth with poor coronal marginal sealing, and 61,4% in teeth with poor root canal fillings. Conclusions. Apical periodontitis was detected in half of the anterior root-filled teeth. The rate of apical periodontitis was significantly increased in maxillary anterior teeth, poor root canals fillings, poor coronal marginal sealing, and root-filled teeth with the presence of recurrent caries.

Hearing loss (HL) is the third most prevalent chronic health problem among older adults and is quite common in our study group research. Our study wants to illustrate the research on the connection between HL and depression as well as the therapeutic ramifications for diagnosing and treating comorbid like intraoral rehabilitation, HL, and mental disorders also.

The therapeutic management of cases with social anxiety in addition to young ages must have a well-developed protocol to achieve the subsequent acquisition of confidence and the possibility of continuity in a short period of time because it takes place over several sessions as well as adaptations during the checks as maintenance and reliability of the treatment plan.

Aim. The aim of study was to assess the quality of root canal fillings and occurrence of various categories of technical errors in patients with endodontically treated teeth. Materials and method. The study group included 158 patients (gender: 56 males, 102 females; mean age 50.44 ± 13.469 yrs.) with 400 endodontically treated teeth. The endodontic treatments were considered poor when one or more of the next technical errors were noted on the orthopantomography and/or periapical radiography: length (short filling; overfilling); poor density; inadequate preparation; inadequate conicity; untreated root canals. Results. Only 21,5% of the endodontically treated teeth had root canal fillings without any technical error. 78,5% of the endodontically treated teeth had at least 1 root canal with poor endodontic treatments. AP prevalence in teeth with adequate root canal fillings was 16,3%, while teeth with at least one poor root canal filling had AP prevalence of 56,4%. According to sociodemographic parameters the distribution of poor root canal fillings was as follows: gender (males- 69,1%; females- 82,7%; age groups: 20-39 yrs.- 76,2%; 40-59 yrs.- 76,9%; ≥ 60 yrs.- 86,5%). According to location, the distribution of poor root canal fillings was as follows: Mx/Md: Mx- 75%; Md- 84,2%); dental groups: frontal- 76,3%; premolars- 73,1%; molars- 83,2%). Most technical errors were non-homogenous root canal fillings (64,8%), poor conicity (64,5%), short filling (56%). Conclusions. Considering all categories of technical errors in root canal filling, 78,5% of endodontically treated teeth had inadequate endodontic filling in at least one root canal. Apical periodontitis was found in 56,4% of teeth with poor root canal filling. The most frequent technical errors in endodontically treated teeth were inadequate conicity, non-homogenous root canal fillings and underfilled root canals.

The aim of the study was to collect data about the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in a population of endodontically treated patients. The study group included 151 patients (52 males, 99 females; mean age 48.36 ± 15.708 yrs.) with 391 endodontically treated teeth (mean follow-up of 5.25 ± 1.759 yrs.). According to the initial tooth diagnosis, root-filled teeth were divided into Group A, root-filled teeth treated for pulpitis or for the purpose of prosthetic pulpectomies (vital pulp group), and Group B, root-filled teeth with non-vital pulp (necrotic pulp). Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the root and its periapical area were performed to establish the success/failure of endodontic therapy, the quality of the root canal fillings (length, density, taper), and coronal restoration. The presence of recurrent caries, periodontal pathology, or endo-periodontal lesions were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for apical periodontitis and calculate their odds ratios (ORs). For the root-filled vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks for apical periodontitis are associated with inadequate homogeneity (OR 30.938), periodontitis (OR 9.226), and over-filling (OR 8.800). For the root-filled non-vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks are associated with periodontitis (OR 4.235) and age over 60 yrs. (OR 4.875). For the necrotic pulp tooth group, multivariate analysis identified an age > 60 yrs., filled molars, intracanal posts, poor coronal restoration quality, under-filling, and periodontitis as significant combined risk factors. Inadequate root canal filling and periodontitis in both groups were risk factors associated with most cases of apical periodontitis. Other risk factors include age > 60 yrs., poor coronal restoration quality, and the presence of intracanal posts in root-filled teeth with necrotic pulp.

The aim of study was to assess the periapical area and the distribution of CBCT-PAI indices in root-filled teeth with chronic periapical lesions. Materials and method. The cross-sectional study included 78 patients (gender: 24 males, 54 females; mean age 49.13 ± 14.596 yrs.) with 181 root-filled teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis (AP) (mean follow-up of 5.49 ± 1.831 yrs.). Patients were selected from those treated in a private dental clinic. Clinical examination and CBCT assessment of the root and its periapical area were performed to evaluate the severity of apical periodontitis by PAI-CBCT scores. CBCT images were obtained using PaX-Uni3D (TVAPANO04, VATECH). The periapical lesions diameter was measured in coronal-apical, mesial-distal and buccal-oral sections using the Ez3D 2009 Plus software application. CBCT parameters were set for 20 second exposure time, 85 kV, 5mA. CBCT-PAI scores were assessed by statistical analysis within study group in relation to various parameters (sociodemographic, local factors, type and quality of coronal restoration and root-canal fillings). Failure of endodontic treatment was defined by CBCT-PAI scores 3-5. Results. The distribution of CBCT-PAI indices was as follows: 50,8% of teeth with CBCT-PAI 1-2, 19,3% of teeth with CBCT-PAI 3; 29,9% of teeth with CBCT-PAI 4-5. Failure of endodontic treatment (CBCT-PAI 3-5) was detected in 49,2% of the root-filled teeth. Highly significant statistical differences were found in the distribution of CBCT-PAI indices related to age groups, follow-up, dental-group, quality of coronal restoration, quality of endodontic treatment. Conclusions. CBCT-PAI scores 3-5 were detected in 49,2% of the root-filled teeth with sign of chronic periapical lesions. Highly significant statistical differences were found in the distribution of CBCT-PAI 3-5 indices related to age groups, follow-up, dental group, quality of coronal restoration and endodontic treatment. The use of CBCT-PAI scores allow accurate, reliable and reproducible evaluation of the success and failure of the endodontic treatment.