1. Unraveling the Natural History of Good's Syndrome: A Progressive Adult Combined Immunodeficiency.
- Author
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Kabir A, Polito V, and Tsoukas CM
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Child, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Thymus Neoplasms diagnosis, Thymus Neoplasms pathology, Thymoma diagnosis, Thymoma pathology, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Agammaglobulinemia diagnosis, Agammaglobulinemia therapy, Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Good's syndrome (GS) is a rare immune deficiency described almost 6 decades ago. Despite numerous published individual case reports and data collected in cross-sectional studies of small cohorts, the natural history and long-term outcomes of this disease remain unknown., Objective: We aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory evolution of 8 adults diagnosed with GS and consecutively evaluated between 1983 and 2023., Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, newly diagnosed patients with GS were followed through repeated measures of clinical, immune, and hematologic changes, as well as targeted genetic screening., Results: All patients reported a healthy childhood and adolescence with symptom onset during the third or fourth decade of life. All presented to our center with recurrent bacterial sinopulmonary infections, thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and absence of B cells. The median age of GS diagnosis was 57 years. During follow-up, immunoglobin replacement therapy effectively minimized sinopulmonary infections. However, the majority experienced severe and systemic viral or fungal infections, 3 developed basal cell carcinomas, and 5 had progressive bronchiectasis and persistent splenomegaly. The most notable clinical feature was opportunistic infections and in vitro evidence of cellular immune deficiency, which resulted in the death of 2 individuals. We also report a statistically significant, multidecade progressive decline in lymphocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, and red blood cells in our cohort, suggesting gradual bone marrow failure., Conclusions: Knowledge of the unique phenotype and temporal evolution of GS has allowed us to develop a more comprehensive diagnostic framework. It can be investigated as part of broader research into disease pathophysiology., (Copyright © 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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