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We herein report a case of sporadic intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis in which contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) combined with superb microvascular imaging (SMI) was useful for preoperative diagnosis. 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography performed for systematic screening for lung cancer revealed an abnormal accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Transabdominal US showed a tumor with a mixture of hypoechoic and hyperechoic areas. Contrast-enhanced US combined with SMI revealed dendritic blood flow signals and no abnormal vascular network within the tumor. Macroscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed a white tumor with relatively clear boundaries. Microscopic examination revealed spindle cells with poor atypia proliferating in bundles with collagenous stromal cells. Immunohistochemistry showed nuclear localization of beta-catenin within the tumor cells. From these findings, we finally diagnosed intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis. Contrast-enhanced US combined with SMI is useful for diagnosing intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis.

Until now, there are no established norms for prostate size in children. Prostate volume during development has been analyzed in small study groups. In diagnostic imaging, transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are used. To establish prostate volume norms for individuals aged 1–17 years using transabdominal ultrasound. Between 2021 and 2023, transabdominal prostate ultrasound was performed on 482 Caucasian boys, aged 1–17 years, who were patients of the urology clinic. Normative data were based on results of 345 boys with normal lower urinary tract, urethral and penile structures. Patients with abnormal external genitalia, Prune Belly Syndrome, Myelomeningocele, chromosomal disorders, or prostate abnormalities found in ultrasound were excluded from the study. Patient eligibility was determined based on medical records and physical examinations. During ultrasound, height, anterior-posterior dimension, and width of prostate were assessed. Prostate volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula V H x L(AP) x W x 0.523. Measurements were correlated with age, weight, and height. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical significance tests for means, and correlation methods. After estimating preliminary results, taking into account the development periods, patients were divided into age groups: 1–4 years (n = 70), 5–10 years (n = 124), 11–12 years (n = 43), 13–15 years (n = 65), and 16–17 years (n = 43). The table and nomogram shows prostate volumes based on age. Prostate size remains stable up to the age of 8. We noticed a transitional phase at the age of 8–11 years. A significant increase in volume occurs over 11 years of age. There was a statistically significant relationship between prostate size, age, height, and weight. Established norms can serve as a reference for prostate analysis in patients with defects of the genitourinary system. An interesting analysis would be a prostate size assessment in relation to stage of development on Tanner scale. Transabdominal ultrasound, being a non-invasive, painless, and readily accessible examination, allows assessment of prostate size even in boys aged 1 year old. A statistically significant relationship was found between prostate size, weight, and height. Norms for prostate size in boys were established according to age. Summary table Age (years) Mean prostate volume (ml) Lower 95%CI Upper 95%CI Median prostate volume (ml) SD prostate volume (ml) N 1–4 0.66 0.01 1.33 0.62 0.34 70 5–10 1.04 0,01 2,15 0.88 0.56 124 11–12 2.62 0.01 7.05 1.71 2.26 43 13–15 8.41 0.01 16.93 8.20 4.35 65 16–17 11.50 2.84 20.15 10.70 4.42 43 Total: 3.85 1.18 4.80 345 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a patient with a mucocele with diffuse wall thickening diagnosed by transabdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed diffuse thickening of the entire appendix wall and an anechoic area that appeared to be fluid collected throughout the appendix lumen. However, the “onion skin sign” was not detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography combined with superb microvascular imaging revealed abundant mucosal blood flow and no abnormal vascular network within the mucosa of the appendix wall. We preoperatively diagnosed a mucocele complicated by acute and chronic appendicitis, and ileocecal resection was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the resected specimens demonstrated that the appendiceal wall was diffusely thickened, with fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and that the appendiceal root rumen was narrowed with epithelial hyperplasia. No neoplastic changes were observed. The cause of the appendiceal mucocele was likely fibrosis and stenosis at the root of the appendix due to initial acute appendicitis.

Objectives: Our study compares the diagnostic effectiveness of transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography for finding adnexal lesions. Materials and methods: This comparative study was conducted at Tikrit teaching hospital. 130 women participated in this study. We take into account factors like aged, gender, menstrual irregularities (Oligomenorrhea/Menstrual Periods), infertility, repeated multiple miscarriages, series of actions, acne vulgaris, and obesity once written agreement has been acquired. The location, size, boundaries, hypoechoic, and dilatation of ovarian lesions were all included in the ultrasound data. Group I had transabdominal ultrasound with MRI, and group II included 65 patients and underwent transvaginal ultrasound. All patients were compared for the frequency of adnexal mass using the histology data (positive/negative). All data were examined with SPSS 24.0. Results: Patients mean age in group I was 31.7±15.48 years and had mean BMI 26.11±5.37 kg/m² and in group I mean age was 29.6±21.87 years with mean BMI 24.19±15.58 kg/m² . The most prevalent issue across all instances was infertility and cycle irregularity. With a p value <0.004, we determined that group II had a lower frequency of adnexal mass than group I. Transvaginal sonography was shown to have poorer specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value than transabdominal sonography. Conclusion: We concluded that the utilization and effectiveness of abdominal ultrasonography in conjunction with MRI was superior in terms of spotting adnexal masses with real levels of specificity and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are manifestations of storage and voiding disorders involving the urinary bladder, urethra and the prostate gland. This study aimed to correlate prostate volume and lower urinary tract symptoms. Materials and methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out among 120 males aged 40 years and above who presented with LUTS for prostate ultrasonography at the Radiology department within a period of six months. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained from participants before commencement of the study. Severity of LUTS was evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Each question was scored between 0 to 5 and the sum recorded as total IPSS score. The total score was graded as mild (0-7), moderate (8-19) or severe (20-35). Quality of life due to urinary symptoms was also evaluated and scored between 0 (delighted) and 6 (terrible). Prostate volume estimation was done by transabdominal ultrasonography using an ultrasound scanner fitted with a 3.5-MHz curvilinear transducer (Logic F6, General Electric, USA, 2017). Measurements were taken and the average values computed; volume calculation was obtained by default using the inbuilt computer algorithm in the ultrasound machine. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24 (International Business Machines, USA, 2016), and the results presented in tables, charts, and percentages. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate between variables with P-values < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Results showed that the cumulative mean age of the participants was 65.1 ± 9.6 years with majority of the participant’s between 60 and 69 years. The most common presenting LUTS was nocturia (98.0%), followed by frequency (92.7%). Overall, the mean IPSS score was 13.2 ± 4.6 while quality of life (QoL) was 4.1 ± 1.2. The mean prostate volume was 69.8 ± 63.5cm3, with 79.2% of the subjects having a prostate volume ≥ 30cm3. Pearson correlation between prostate volume and IPSS was significant (r = 0.304, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study established a positive significant correlation between prostate volume and International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). This implies that sonographic PV assessment could be useful in objective assessment of LUTS severity and should be considered in management decisions and follow-up of patients with lower urinary tracts symptoms.

• Abdominal ultrasonography allows for assessment of morphometric parameters in the Shetland fetus. • Fetal morphometric measurements predict gestational age and days until parturition. • Combined rib and intercostal distance (CRID) and aortic diameter are most accurate. Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonography is an established method to monitor pregnancy, fetal growth and wellbeing in different species. Growth charts with multiple bio-morphometric parameters to estimate days of gestation and days before parturition exist in small companion animals, sheep and goats, riding type horses and large ponies but not in small horse breeds like Shetland ponies. The aim of this study was to apply fetal biometric assessment and detailed description of physiologic fetal development to mid and late term pregnancies in Shetland mares and to generate reference data for clinical practice and for future research. Fetal parameters were collected starting on day 101 of pregnancy in five Shetland mares. The fetal biometric parameters determined consisted of aortic diameter, eye diameter, combined rib and intercostal distance (CRID), stomach length and width and different heart morphology parameters in sagittal and frontal plane. Additionally, fetal activity and organ development in terms of differentiation and changes in echogenicity were recorded. Considering reliably assessable parameters, fetal CRID was the best predictor for gestational age with ± 13.6 days and fetal aortic diameter the most accurate for prediction of days until parturition with ± 16.2 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Uterine leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor. It does not necessarily require curative treatment, but if conservative management is chosen, it is important to rule out uterine leiomyosarcoma. When a size increase is observed, one must consider malignancy, and thus objective and cost-effective measurement of uterine size is important, especially for early detection of malignant change. Although MRI imaging is thought to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma, frequent MRI is impractical because of the incidence of uterine leiomyoma and the economic burden in real-world clinical practice. On the other hand, ultrasonography (US) is considered the most useful device in the observation of size changes. So this study aimed to examine the accuracy of the measurement of transabdominal US compared to MRI imaging. Materials and methods This retrospective study included 92 patients with uterine myoma ≥ 50 mm who undertook an MRI within 30 days after the transabdominal US. The longest diameter of the largest myoma (a), the longest diameter perpendicular to a in the sagittal image (b), and the longest diameter perpendicular to a and b in the axial image (c) were measured by US and MRI, and these were used to calculate the volume. Results were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 3.1. Results The ICC for the volume and major axis of the largest myoma by US and MRI were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.82-0.91 and 0.87-0.93, respectively. Both reliability levels ranged from good to excellent. ICC was 0.54 (95%CI 0.15-0.78) in myomas with a volume of >500 cm 3 , and the concordant rate between US and MRI was poor to good. On the other hand, ICC was 0.82 (95%CI 0.57-0.93) even though all myomas with major axes greater than 120 mm had a volume >500 cm 3 , and the concordant rate between US and MRI measurements was moderate to excellent. In the evaluation by major axis, ICC was 0.60 (95%CI -0.41-0.95) for myomas larger than 160 mm, indicating a lower concordant rate. Conclusion Transabdominal US is an appropriate modality as well as MRI for follow-up of uterine myoma size if the nodules are 160 mm or smaller. Measurement of the major axis is easier and more useful than volume., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Ethics Committee of Osaka City University issued approval 2959. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Oue et al.)

We herein report a case of sporadic intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis in which contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) combined with superb microvascular imaging (SMI) was useful for preoperative diagnosis. 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography performed for systematic screening for lung cancer revealed an abnormal accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Transabdominal US showed a tumor with a mixture of hypoechoic and hyperechoic areas. Contrast-enhanced US combined with SMI revealed dendritic blood flow signals and no abnormal vascular network within the tumor. Macroscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed a white tumor with relatively clear boundaries. Microscopic examination revealed spindle cells with poor atypia proliferating in bundles with collagenous stromal cells. Immunohistochemistry showed nuclear localization of beta-catenin within the tumor cells. From these findings, we finally diagnosed intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis. Contrast-enhanced US combined with SMI is useful for diagnosing intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

The aims of the presented study were (1) to examine the relationship between foetal measurements and gestational age (GA), (2) to generate GA formulas, and (3) to investigate the estimation of GA by transabdominal ultrasonography in buffaloes. Thirteen pregnant buffaloes were used in the study. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed between Day (D) 28 and 112 of gestational age, whereas transabdominal ultrasonography was between 126 and 294. The diameters of embryonic (EVD) and amniotic (AVD) vesicles, crown-rump length (CRL), occipito-nasal length (ONL), biparietal diameter (BPD), orbit diameter (OD), cervical, thoracic, lumbar and coccygeal vertebrae lengths (CVL, TVL, LVL, CcVL), abdominal diameter (AD), chest diameter (CD), umbilical cord diameter (UCD), scapula, humerus, radius-ulna, metacarpus, femur, tibia, and metatarsus lengths (SL, HL, RUL, McL, FL, TL, MtL), diameters of transversal heart (THD), stomach (SD), kidney (KD), and outer diameter, circumference and area of placentomas (OPD, OPC, OPA) were measured by ultrasonography. All 26 parameters were highly correlated with GA (r = 0.968 – 0.999). The observation of the foetus was evident in all animals via transabdominal ultrasonography, and all parameters except EVD, AVD, and CRL could be measured on D 126. In addition, heartbeats, the sign of foetal vitality, could be observed in 11 of 13 living foetuses. This study is the first to demonstrate that transabdominal ultrasonography can be used to estimate GA in buffaloes. In addition, GA formulas related to ONL, CVL, TVL, LVL, CcVL, extremity bone lengths, THD, UCD, PC, and PA measurements were created for the first time in buffaloes. • Transabdominal ultrasonography can be used to estimate gestational age in buffaloes. • Twenty-six different foetal structures can be measured for fetometry. • The best measurements are the head, heart, orbit, umbilical cord, and chest diameters. • Pregnancy and foetal viability can be determined via transabdominal ultrasonography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the utility of the combined use of transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) to detect mucosal inflammation, vis-a-vis the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES), in ulcerative colitis (UC). Sixty-three UC patients who underwent TUS and FIT were retrospectively enrolled. For TUS, the colon was divided into five segments, and the bowel wall thickness was measured and evaluated. The accuracy of FIT (> 100 ng/ml) in detecting mucosal inflammation (MES>0) was 0.93, whereas that of TUS (BWT>2 mm) in each segment was 0.84-0.97. The combined use of TUS and FIT may be helpful in noninvasive treatment strategies., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.