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Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence is extremely high worldwide, and patients who develop AKI are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is no established treatment strategy for AKI. Based on the idea that exercise has a stabilizing effect on hemodynamics, we hypothesized that rehabilitation would have beneficial renal outcomes in patients with AKI associated with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether rehabilitation can stabilize hemodynamics and positively impact renal outcomes in patients with AKI associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods In total, 107 patients with AKI associated with cardiovascular disease were enrolled in this single-center retrospective study and were either assigned to the exposure group (n = 36), which received rehabilitation at least once a week for at least 8 consecutive weeks, or to the control group (n = 71). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was assessed at baseline before admission, at the lowest value during hospitalization, and at 3, 12, and 24 months after enrolment. Trends over time (group × time) between the two groups were compared using generalized estimating equations. Moreover, congestive status was assessed by amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and the effect of rehabilitation on congestion improvement was investigated using logistical regression analysis. Results The time course of renal function after AKI, from baseline to each of the three timepoints suggested significant differences between the two groups (p

Abstract Background Few reports have been published on preoperative and long-term postoperative rehabilitation after kidney transplantation. Poor physical function after kidney transplantation is associated with adverse events; hence, physical function should be improved postoperatively. We report a case in which physical therapy was provided just before the operation and 12 months postoperatively to improve physical performance. Case presentation A 64-year-old man, working as a janitor and maintenance worker at a driving school, received a living-donor kidney transplant from his wife. The just before the operation assessment revealed a decline in his physical function, indicating he had become frail. Accordingly, physical therapy was initiated prior to kidney transplantation. Subsequently, his Short Physical Performance Battery score improved from 10 to 12, and his knee extension muscle strength improved from 0.38 to 0.43 kgf/kg, enabling him to resume work. The work functioning impairment scale improved from 13 to 7. Conclusions This case reveals that just before the operation and long-term rehabilitation is crucial in enhancing physical activity in kidney transplantation patients. Although this focused rehabilitation approach holds promise, evaluating its efficacy requires the examination of a larger cohort of cases.