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Abstract Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2, importin α1), a transport factor shuttling between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, is involved in the nuclear import of proteins and participates in cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation. However, it is still unclear which signaling regulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of KPNA2 in response to cellular stress. In this study, we report that oxidative stress increases nuclear retention of KPNA2 through alpha serine/threonine‐protein kinase (AKT1)‐mediated reduction of serine 62 (S62) phosphorylation. We first found that AKT1 activation was required for H2O2‐induced nuclear accumulation of KPNA2. Immunoprecipitation and quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of KPNA2 at S62 was decreased under H2O2‐induced oxidative stress. We showed that cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), a kinase responsible for KPNA2 S62 phosphorylation, contributes to the localization of KPNA2 in the cytoplasm. AKT1 knockdown increased KPNA2 S62 phosphorylation and inhibited CDK1 activation. Furthermore, H2O2‐induced AKT1 activation promoted nuclear KPNA2 interaction with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), resulting in attenuation of NPM1‐mediated cyclin D1 gene transcription. Thus, we infer that the AKT1‐CDK1 axis regulates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and function of KPNA2 through spatiotemporal regulation of KPNA2 S62 phosphorylation under oxidative stress conditions.

Abstract Uncontrolled terpenoid emissions from forest trees in Japan may have contributed to high O3 concentrations observed in urban and suburban areas. To estimate ozone formation via a series of reactions between NO x and terpenoids using atmospheric chemistry models, it is important to produce terpenoid emission inventories by collecting all reported emission data for the major tree species in Japan and examining their reliability. In this review, we first describe three different plant terpenoid emission types, i.e., isoprene-emitting type, monoterpene-emitting type with storage tissues and organs, and monoterpene-emitting type without storage tissues and organs. Second, we describe various methods for measuring plant terpenoid emissions, including a recently developed simplified method, and explain their reliability. We emphasized that applicable measurement methods depend on the terpenoid emission types. Data obtained using static chamber methods should not be considered because they have the highest uncertainty resulting from normal chamber materials that are not specific to terpenoid measurements and lack humidity control. Finally, we show the absolute values of the collected emission rates and describe their variability. The deciduous oak species, Quercus serrata and Quercus mongolica var. crispula, and bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys bambusoides, are strong isoprene emitters. Among the monoterpene emitters, four evergreen broadleaf trees, including three Quercus species, had the highest basal emission rate (BER). The monoterpene storage type conifers Larix kaempferi and Pinus densiflora have relatively lower BERs. Emission data are not available for Castanopsis cuspidata, and seasonal changes in emission rates have not been reported for several major tree species in the top 20 rankings. Within species, the reported emission rates of some tree species differed by threefold. These differences may be attributed to the reliability of the measurement and analytical systems, tree age, leaf morphology, environmental conditions, and genetic diversity. We emphasize the need for reliable measurements to achieve a more precise terpenoid emission inventory for major tree species in Japan.

This article describes the care experience of an inhalation injury case successfully weaned from the ventilator. Data was collected from March 1, 2022, to March 11, 2022, using Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Assessment, including interviews, physical assessments, and medical history research. The identified health problems were inactive respiratory clearance, pain, and anxiety. During the nursing period, the author instructed the patient in diaphragmatic breathing; employed high-frequency chest wall oscillation therapy; taught effective coughing techniques to promote mucus clearance and maintain airway patency; and facilitated early separation from the ventilator through chest rehabilitation exercises. Implement prioritized pain relief and appropriate sedation. Appropriate wound dressings and securement techniques were chosen to facilitate healing and prevent dislodgment of tubes, particularly in the treatment of facial burn wounds. Utilizing body language to facilitate parent-child interaction and using electronic writing tablets to encourage the expression of anxious emotions. The health problems of critically ill patients are multifaceted, and interdisciplinary collaboration among various specialties is essential to provide the most appropriate and comprehensive care, facilitating a successful recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]