ABSTRACTTree holdings provide important socio-economic and environmental benefits, but invasive alien trees can constrain these benefits. However, some invasive alien plants provide both costs and benefits, making management complex due to varied stakeholder perceptions. Using household surveys, the study explored local people’s perceptions of Acacia dealbata invasion and clearing in six villages located in upper Tsitsana communal areas, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The results suggest that most respondents are aware of A. dealbata invasion but not its invasion status. The respondents valued A. dealbata for its service provision including firewood, construction poles and shade but also cited negative impacts such as loss of grazing land and water. The respondents were aware of the Working for Water clearing programme and reported employment, income, and are awareness of restored grazing land and increased water availability as key clearing benefits. Although some respondents cleared A. dealbata in their homesteads, a small percentage were opposed to clearing due to the perceived loss of benefits. Overall, the study shows conflicting perceptions on the impacts of A. dealbata invasion and clearing, highlighting the value of considering the social dimensions of invasive alien plant species management to avoid conflict generation.