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Kai Yao,1,* Yongbo Peng,2,* Qiyu Tang,3 Kaixuan Liu,3 Cheng Peng3 1Department of Vascular Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Cheng Peng, Email pcheng83@csu.edu.cnIntroduction: Photoaging-induced skin damage leads to appearance issues and dermatoma. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) possess high antioxidant properties but are prone to inactivation. In this study, human serum albumin/SeNPs (HSA-SeNPs) were synthesized for enhanced stability.Methods: HSA-SeNPs were prepared by self-assembling denatured human serum albumin and inorganic selenite. The cytotoxicity of HSA-SeNPs was assessed using the MTT method. Cell survival and proliferation rates were tested to observe the protective effect of HSA-SeNPs on human skin keratinocytes against photoaging. Simultaneously, ICR mice were used for animal experiments. H&E and Masson trichromatic staining were employed to observe morphological changes in skin structure and collagen fiber disorders after UVB irradiation. Quantitative RT-PCR was utilized to measure changes in mRNA expression levels of factors related to collagen metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress regulation, and senescence markers.Results: The HSA-SeNPs group exhibited significantly higher survival and proliferation rates of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes than the control group. Following UVB irradiation, the back skin of ICR mice displayed severe sunburn with disrupted collagen fibers. However, HSA-SeNPs demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating these symptoms compared to SeNPs alone. In a UVB-irradiated mice model, mRNA expression of collagen type I and III was dysregulated while MMP1, inflammatory factors, and p21 mRNA expression were upregulated; concurrently Nrf2 and Gpx1 mRNA expression were downregulated. In contrast, HSA-SeNPs maintained the mRNA expression of those factors to be stable In addition, the level of SOD decreased, and MDA elevated significantly in the skin after UVB irradiation, but no significant differences in SOD and MDA levels between the HSA-SeNPs group with UVB irradiation and the UVB-free untreated group.Discussion: HSA-SeNPs have more anti-photoaging effects on the skin than SeNPs, including the protective effects on skin cell proliferation, cell survival, and structure under photoaging conditions. HSA-SeNPs can be used to protect skin from photoaging and repair skin injury caused by UVB exposure.Keywords: selenium nanoparticles, human serum albumin, skin photoaging, senescence, SOD

Wei Zhang,1,* Jiayu Zhang,2,* Dian Jiao,1,* Qisheng Tang,1 Xiaoping Gao,1 Zhenyu Li,1 Fa Yang,3 Zhiguang Zhao,1 Longfei Yang4 1Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710038, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Air Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710038, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Longfei Yang; Zhiguang Zhao, Email y68lf@163.com; zzg13991809889@163.comPurpose: Lichen sclerosus urethral stricture disease (LS USD) is a refractory and progressive disease primarily affecting the anterior urethra in males. Various potential etiological factors, such as genetics, autoimmunity, infection, and exposure to infectious urine, have been suggested. However, the accurate etiology of LS in the male urethra remains unclear.Patients and Methods: In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the transcriptional profiles of three patients with LS USD and three patients with non-LS USD. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the single-cell sequence results.Results: Our study revealed distinct subsets of vein endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts (FBs) with high proportions in LS USD, contributing to the tissue microenvironment primarily involved in proinflammatory and immune responses. In particular, FBs displayed a unique subset, Fib7, which is exclusively present in LS USD, and exhibited high expression levels of SAA1 and SAA2. The accumulation of macrophages, along with the dysregulated ratios of M1/M2-like phenotype macrophages, may be engaged in the pathogenesis of LS USD. Through cell–cell communication analysis, we identified significant interactions involving CXCL8/ACKR1 and CCR7/CCL19 in LS USD. Remarkably, Fib7 exhibited exclusive communication with IL-1B macrophages through the SAA1/FPR2 receptor–ligand pair.Conclusion: Our study provides a profound understanding of the tissue microenvironment in LS USD, which may be valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of LS USD. Keywords: lichen sclerosus, urethral stricture disease, single-cell RNA sequencing, heterogeneity, fibroblasts, macrophages

Chenxi Li,1,&ast; Xiaolei Chen,2,&ast; Xiaowen Zhu,1 Mengjiao Cao,3 Qunfeng Tang,3 Wenjun Wu1,4 1Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 4Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenjun Wu, Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15358008856, Fax +86-510-85737592, Email wuwenjung@163.comPurpose: Arterial stiffness is often increased in overweight or obese individuals before the development of hypertension (HT). This study aimed to determine the connection between pancreatic fat and atherosclerosis in overweight and obese people without HT.Patients and methods: We included 128 patients who were non-hypertensive and overweight or obese in a study between December 2019 and November 2022. Medical history was collected, and all participants underwent a physical examination and blood tests. Pancreatic fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was grouped into quartiles based on pancreatic fat fraction (PFF). The upper three quartiles (PFF≥ 10.33%) were defined as non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) and the first quartile (PFF< 10.33%) as non-NAFPD. High baPWV (H-baPWV) and low baPWV (L-baPWV) were classified according to the median baPWV (1159 cm/s). The effect of NAFPD on baPWV was examined using binary logistic regression. The study population consisted of 96 NAFPD and 32 non-NAFPD cases.Results: Participants with NAFPD had significantly higher levels of baPWV than people without. The rates of NAFPD and the PFF values varied significantly in the L-baPWV and H-baPWV groups. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the presence of NAFPD was independently correlated with increased baPWV after adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glycemic index.Conclusion: NAFPD is an independent risk factor for increased baPWV in individuals with overweight and obesity but no HT, suggesting that the presence of NAFPD may be a warning signal of early atherosclerosis.Keywords: obesity, non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, overweight, arterial stiffness, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity

Qiaofei Tang,1,2 Honggan Yi,1,2 Siping Chen,1,2 Yantian Zheng,1,2 Yitao Wen,1,2 Man Yang1,2 1Reproductive Medicine Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Man Yang, Reproductive Medicine Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meizhou, Meijiang District, People’s Republic of China, Email 13751992388@163.comBackground: The causes of pregnancy failure after intrauterine insemination (IUI) are controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on clinical pregnancy after IUI.Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 1464 cycles of IUI performed at the Meizhou People’s Hospital between March 2014 and June 2023. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between the some factors (maternal age, paternal age, cycle type (natural cycle or ovulation induction cycle), hormone level on the day of endometrial transformation (estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (P)), endometrial thickness on the day of endometrial transformation, and forward motile sperm concentration after treatment) and pregnancy failure.Results: Among the 1464 IUI cycles in this study, 268 cycles of assisted reproduction resulted in clinical pregnancy, with a clinical pregnancy rate of 18.3%. During the cycles with clinical pregnancy, there were 25 (12.9%) preterm births and 169 (87.1%) full-term births. The E2 level on the day of endometrial transformation in clinical pregnancy group was higher than that in the pregnancy failure group (658.79± 656.02 vs 561.21± 558.83 pg/mL)(P=0.025). The clinical pregnancy group had a higher percentage of endometrial thickness between 8 and 13mm on the day of endometrial transformation than the pregnancy failure group (83.2% vs 75.0%)(P=0.002). The results of regressions analysis showed that low E2 level on the day of endometrial transformation (< 238.3 pg/mL vs ≥ 238.3 pg/mL: OR 1.493, 95% CI: 1.086– 2.052, P=0.014), and endometrial thickness < 8mm on the day of endometrial transformation (< 8mm vs 8– 13mm: OR 1.886, 95% CI: 1.284– 2.771, P=0.001) may increase risk of pregnancy failure performed IUI.Conclusion: Low estradiol level, and endometrial thickness on the day of endometrial transformation may increase risk of pregnancy failure performed intrauterine insemination.Keywords: intrauterine insemination, pregnancy failure, estradiol, endometrial thickness

Background: One prevalent malignant tumor in the digestive system is gastric cancer (GC). Cortactin is an intracellular cytoskeleton protein and exerts the crucial function in GC development. However, the roles and mechanisms of cortactin in the invasion and metastasis of GC need further exploration. Materials and Methods: Cortactin expression in GC tissues and cells via western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Cell migration and invasion were detected by the Transwell assays. Immunofluorescence staining and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation assays verified the ability to invadopodium formation and ECM degradation. We then used gelatin zymography to identify the relationship between cortactin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The xenograft tumor model proved that cortactin can accelerate tumor growth and intraperitoneal metastasis in mice. Results: We found that cortactin is overexpressed in GC. cortactin overexpression facilitated cell migration and invasion, whereas cortactin silencing exerted the opposite function. cortactin can facilitate invadopodium formation and ECM degradation in GC cells. Cortactin can positively regulate matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels. Furthermore, Cortactin accelerate GC progression in vivo. Conclusion: In short, this study confirmed that cortactin enhanced invadopodium formation to accelerate GC development through upregulating MMP2 and MMP9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Rev‐erbα has been reported to regulate the healing of inflammatory lesions through its effect on the immune system in a variety of inflammatory disease. Moreover, the balance of macrophages polarization plays a crucial role in immune response and inflammatory progression. However, in refractory periapical periodontitis (RAP), the role of Rev‐erbα in inflammatory response and bone resorption by regulating macrophage polarization remains unclarified. The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of Rev‐erbα in experimental RAP and to explore the relationship between Rev‐erbα and macrophage polarization through the application of its pharmacological agonist SR9009 into the in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methodology: Enterococcus faecalis‐induced RAP models were established in SD rats. Histological staining and micro‐computed tomography scanning were used to evaluate osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption. The expression of Rev‐erbα and macrophage polarization were detected in the periapical tissues from rats by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blots. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed to explore the relationship between Rev‐erbα and inflammatory cytokines related to macrophage polarization. Result: Compared to healthy periapical tissue, the expression of Rev‐erbα was significantly down‐regulated in macrophages from inflammatory periapical area, especially in Enterococcus faecalis‐induced periapical lesions, with obvious type‐1 macrophage (M1)‐like dominance and the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Rev‐erbα activation by SR9009 could induce type‐2 macrophage (M2)‐like polarization in periapical tissue and THP1 cell line, followed by increased secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10 and TGF‐β. Furthermore, intracanal application of SR9009 reduced the lesion size and promoted the repair of RAP by decreasing the number of osteoclasts and enhancing the formation of mineralized tissue in periapical inflammatory lesions. Conclusions: Rev‐erbα played an essential role in the pathogenesis of RAP through its effect on macrophage polarization. Targeting Rev‐erbα might be a promising and prospective therapy method for the prevention and management of RAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different fungal guilds within the soil fungal community regulate forest ecosystem processes. Soil fungi are dictated by edaphic factors such as soil water and nutrient availabilities. However, how the total number of fungi and the composition of different fungal guilds in the soil vary under covarying pattern of nitrogen deposition and precipitation regime in temperate forests has not been well documented. In this study, we explored the effects of long‐term nitrogen‐water interactions on the diversity and composition of soil overall fungi and different fungal guilds, and their relationships with fine‐root and soil fungal mycelial traits in a temperate forest. The diversity of the totality of soil fungi or any fungal guilds did not change, but the community composition of saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungi was significantly changed by nitrogen addition (N), showing increased abundance of soil symbiotrophic fungi but decreased abundance of soil saprotrophic fungi. Precipitation reduction (W) significantly altered soil overall and pathotrophic fungal community. Precipitation reduction combined with nitrogen addition (WN) significantly changed soil overall, pathotrophic and symbiotrophic fungal community composition. Soil pathotrophic, saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungal community composition was variously related to fine‐root diameter, root tissue density, nitrogen and/or phosphorus concentration. Long‐term nitrogen‐water interactions decreased the complexity of soil fungal networks, reflected by the lower edges and average degree, but the higher average path distance and modularity. These findings of soil fungal guild‐specific responses to nitrogen‐water interactions will deepen our understanding of soil carbon sequestration potential and nutrient cycling in temperate forest ecosystems under future climate changes. Plain Language Summary: Many forest ecosystem processes such as decomposition of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling are regulated by soil fungi. The soil fungal community is affected by soil factors such as soil water and nutrient availabilities. However, we don't well know how soil fungi and their composition respond to soil nitrogen and water changes in temperate forests. In this study, we studied the effects of long‐term nitrogen‐water interactions on the diversity and community of soil fungi in a mixed Pinus koraiensis forest, in relation to fine‐root and soil fungal mycelial traits. We found that nitrogen addition did not change the diversity of soil overall fungi or any fungal guild, but altered the community composition of soil overall, saprotroph and symbiotroph fungi significantly. Precipitation reduction (W) and precipitation reduction combined with nitrogen addition (WN) significantly decreased the diversity of soil saprotroph fungi. W and WN increased the abundance of soil saprotroph and pathotroph fungi, but decreased that of soil symbiotroph fungi. Soil overall fungal community was related with fine‐root diameter and specific root length. Long‐term nitrogen‐water interactions simplified soil fungal networks. These findings have important implications for our better understanding of forest soil carbon sequestration potential and nutrient cycling under climate changes. Key Points: Nitrogen addition increased symbiotrophic fungi, but decreased saprotrophic fungiPrecipitation reduction altered soil overall and pathotrophic fungal communityFine‐root diameter and specific root length shaped soil overall fungal community [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase in the installed capacity of gas turbine units， the coupling between electric grids and gas networks has become increasingly tight， forming an integrated electricity-gas system （IEGS）. As the proportion of renewable energy generation continues to rise and the discrepancy between peak and off-peak loads widens， the supply-demand imbalance in the IEGS becomes more severe. Therefore， the economic dispatch model of a two-stage IEGS considering the flexibility of gas turbine units is constructed. Firstly， given the constraints of gas network pressure on line pack， this paper proposes a flexibility evaluation model for gas turbine units that takes into consideration the impact of the natural gas system. It also establishes a modulation range index for the gas turbine units to assess their maximum adjustability. Then， the maximum adjustability of the gas turbine units is incorporated into the output constraints of the gas turbines in the power system. Based on the power system dispatch model， the paper aims to minimize the total operational cost. Lastly， the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using the IEEE 39-node power system and Belgium 20-node natural gas system.

Abstract Background Transient synovitis of the hip is the most common cause of limping in paediatric emergency departments. There is no consensus regarding routine follow-up after hip synovitis among children, and there are no standardized criteria for selecting cases that warrant follow-up due to persistent or recurring symptoms to rule out the possibility of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Delayed treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease may increase the risk of developing early secondary coxarthrosis. Understanding the prevalence of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease among paediatric patients with transient synovitis of the hip is of paramount importance and could empower both parents and paediatricians to make well-informed decisions when selecting follow-up care for children, thus ensuring that no cases of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are missed among diagnosis paediatric patients with transient synovitis of the hip. The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease among paediatric patients with transient synovitis of the hip. Methods This study was conducted in strict accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched up to July 2024 to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients diagnosed with transient synovitis of the hip; patients aged up to 18 years; and studies with a minimum of 10 cases of paediatric transient synovitis of the hip. To pool the prevalence rates from individual studies, we utilized a random-effects meta-analysis. To assess the quality of the included studies in detail, we employed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist. Results A total of 19 studies were ultimately included for the final analysis, with 2,617 paediatric cases of transient synovitis of the hip. The results of meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence estimate of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease among all paediatric patients with transient synovitis of the hip was 2.7% (95% CI 1.4–5.1). Significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies included in this analysis (I2 = 79.990%; P = 0.000). The pooled prevalence estimate of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease among paediatric patients with recurrent or persistent transient synovitis of the hip was 36.3% (95% CI 21.6–54.2). Significant heterogeneity was also observed across the studies included in this analysis (I2 = 51.519%; P = 0.036). Furthermore, the follow-up period varied from 6 weeks to 24 months. The primary diagnostic imaging modality utilized for identifying Perthes disease was X-ray. Conclusion Our study revealed that among paediatric patients with transient synovitis of the hip, routine X-ray follow-up of the hips after 6 weeks to rule out Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is warranted only in patients who exhibit persistent or recurrent symptoms.

In this study, an analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 8 common psychoactive substances derived from cathinone compounds in tea. Extraction, clean-up and chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized. As a result, an alkaline solution containing methanol was selected as the extraction solvent, and the extract was cleaned up on an HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge filled with N-propylethylenediamine (PSA) and separated on a DB-17MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). The mass spectrometer was operated using an electrospray ionization (EI) source in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The calibration curves showed good linearity for the 8 analytes in the concentration range of 0–200 μg/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) higher than 0.998. The limits of detection (LOD, RSN = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ, RSN = 10) were 7 and 25 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries from negative samples spiked at 1 ×, 2 × and 10 × LOQ were in the range of 67.2%–117.6%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 4.3%–12.3% (n = 6). In summary, this method has good stability and high sensitivity, and is suitable for simultaneous determination of the psychoactive substances derived from cathinones in tea.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to understand the distribution of the species of Schistochila in Guangxi, which not only adding new data for the study of bryophytes in Guangxi, but also adding data for the conservation of bryophyte diversity in China. [Methods] Through recent field surveys and examining specimens of Schistochila from Guangxi Herbarium (IBK), the species diversity was determined by morphological observation and literature review. [Results] Ten specimens of Schistochila from Guangxi were found, and three species of Schistochila in Guangxi were confirmed, namely Schistochila sciurea (Nees) Schiffn.,S. aligera (Nees & Blume) J.B. Jack & Steph., and S. blumei (Nees) Trevis. [Conclusion] Schistochilaceae and Schistochila are reported as new records to Guangxi at the levels of family and genus, respectively. S. sciurea is firstly reported to the bryoflora of China. Description of S. sciurea and diagnostic characters of S. aligera and S. blumei are provided based on the specimens. Each species is accompanied by vouchers, distribution information, and a color plate.

Abstract This article investigates the behavior of hybrid FRP Concrete-Steel columns with an elliptical cross section. The investigation was carried out by gathering information through literature and conducting a parametric study, which resulted in 116 data points. Moreover, multiple machine learning predictive models were developed to accurately estimate the confined ultimate strain and the ultimate load of confined concrete at the rupture of FRP tube. Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (ADAB), Categorical Boosting (CATB), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) machine learning techniques were utilized for the proposed models. Finally, these models were visually and quantitatively verified and evaluated. It was concluded that the CATB and XGB are standout models, offering high accuracy and strong generalization capabilities. The CATB model is slightly superior due to its consistently lower error rates during testing, indicating it is the best model for this dataset when considering both accuracy and robustness against overfitting.

Abstract. Background:. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays an important role in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Their involvement ranges from genetic regulation to cancer progression. However, the mechanistic roles of RP11-789C1.1 in GC are not fully understood. Methods:. We identified the expression of lncRNA RP11-789C1.1 in GC tissues and cell lines by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A series of functional experiments revealed the effect of RP11-789C1.1 on the proliferation of GC cells. In vivo experiments verified the effect of RP11-789C1.1 on the biological behavior of a GC cell line. RNA pull-down unveiled RP11-789C1.1 interacting proteins. Western blot analysis indicated the downstream pathway changes of RP11-789C1.1, and an oxaliplatin dosing experiment disclosed the influence of RP11-789C1.1 on the drug sensitivity of oxaliplatin. Results:. Our results demonstrated that RP11-789C1.1 inhibited the proliferation of GC cells and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. Mechanistically, RP11-789C1.1 inhibited checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) phosphorylation by binding ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR), a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, promoted GC apoptosis, and mediated oxaliplatin sensitivity. Conclusion:. In general, we discovered a tumor suppressor molecule RP11-789C1.1 and confirmed its mechanism of action, providing a theoretical basis for targeted GC therapy.

Enamel hypoplasia is a disease that results in enamel formation and mineralization abnormalities due to the effects of hereditary or environmental variables during tooth development. Affected teeth may appear to have an aberrant color and structural flaws. Patients often display clinical signs such as tooth defects, tooth sensitivity, and tooth discoloration. The disease can cause patients to feel physically and mentally uncomfortable and negatively impact their ability to chew, swallow, speak, and smile. In this review, the pathophysiology of enamel hypoplasia, which is caused by anomalies in gene regulation and changes in environmental variables, is summarized, along with a list of clinical diagnostic indicators based on the most commonly used disease classifications. The main points are as follows: ① enamel hypoplasia changes only the color and transparency of the affected teeth; ② lesions often occur symmetrically in groups; ③ the age at which systemic diseases or nutritional disorders occur during tooth development can be predicted based on the patient's impaired teeth; and ④ banded or pitted brown depression on the enamel surface can easily be confused with dental fluorosis. It also elaborates on the comprehensive application of tooth bleaching, desensitization, direct or indirect restoration and other treatment modalities according to unique chief complaints by different patients and suggests the use of multidisciplinary cooperative sequential treatment for critical infants and young children. The goal of this review is to provide professionals with the most recent information and advice about enamel hypoplasis. Current literature on this condition is primarily case reports. To further standardize the diagnostic and management approaches for this disease, additional high-quality clinical research and systematic reviews are required.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a highly conserved post-translational modification in eukaryotes, which is essential for anchoring various proteins to the cell surface. Dysfunction of GPI biogenesis leads to human diseases, such as inherited GPI deficiency (IGD) caused by germline mutations in GPI-related genes. With accumulating reports on individuals with IGD, there has been increasing interest and studies on disease mechanism, diagnosis, and therapy. This review outlines the biosynthetic pathway of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) and summarizes clinical IGD cases from a molecular perspective. We also review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for IGD. Finally, we discuss future research directions to facilitate the understanding and treatment of GPI-related disorders.

[Objective] This study was aimed to explore the impacts of rainfall characteristics and vegetation cover patterns on slope hillslope runoff and sediment yields in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to adapt to the new needs of the prominent contradiction between man and land and the development of rural industries for the optimal utilization of underforest land resources. [Methods] Taking a typical fallow forest in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research object, four runoff plots with full-slope herbaceous cover (QF), upper-slope bare ground + lower-slope herbaceous cover (XF), equidistant herbaceous strip cover (TF), and full-slope herbless coverage (WF), were set up to carry out field observation of slope runoff and sand production in 24 erosive rainfall events and to identify the effects of erosive rainfall and vegetation cover patterns on hillslope runoff and sediment yields. [Results] (1) The 24 erosive rainfall events were classified into three categories, including A-type (small rainfall, heavy rainfall intensity, and short duration), B-type (large rainfall, heavy rainfall intensity, and short duration), and C-type (small rainfall, light rainfall intensity, and long duration). A-type was the rain type with the highest occurrence frequency at 45.83%. The cumulative rainfall of B-type was the largest, accounting for 63.44% of the total rainfall. (2) The cumulative runoff depth and cumulative erosion volume of the four vegetation cover patterns generally showed QF < XF < TF < WF; The peak value of runoff depth and erosion volume all occurred in B-type rainfall, which led to an increase in runoff depth of 337.74%~410.32% and an increase in erosion volume of 283.47%~504.58% compared to A-type rainfall. (3) The proportion of runoff depth and erosion amount produced by the WF was 75.75% and 98.51%, while XF and TF accounted for only 12.20% and 1.08%, 7.28% and 0.34%, respectively. Compared with WF, the runoff interception and reduction of XF and TF were 84.18% and 75.85%, and the sediment interception and reduction were 96.99% and 93.30%, respectively. [Conclusion] By comparing the runoff and sediment yields of runoff plots under different vegetation cover patterns, it was found that the modes of upper-slope tillage + lower-slope l herbaceous coverage, strip tillage + contour hedgerow can take into account the functions of water regulation and soil conservation of forest land and ecological planting of understory, which can provide a theoretical basis for ecological restoration and the optimal utilization of understory land resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Li-Mian Song,1,&ast; Du-Juan Yao,1,&ast; Lin Xia,1 Xu-Ming Wang,2 Tian Liu,2 Qian-Qian Tang,1 Jun Zhou1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jun Zhou, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Email bbfat51740@sina.comPurpose: To explore the effect of DSG2 on the growth of cervical cancer cells and its possible regulatory mechanism.Methods: The expression levels and survival prognosis of DSG2 and ADAM17 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by bioinformatics. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects of DSG2 on the proliferative activity, colony formation ability and migration ability of SiHa and Hela cells. The effect of DSG 2 on the level of ADAM17 transcription and translation was detected by qPCR and Western blot experiments. The interaction between DSG2 and c-MYC was detected by immunocoprecipitation. c-MYC inhibitors were used in HeLa cells overexpressing DSG2 to analyze the effects of DSG2 and c-MYC on proliferation, colony formation and migration of Hela cells, as well as the regulation of ADAM17 expression.Results: DSG2 was highly expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal tissues (P< 0.05), and high DSG2 expression suggested poor overall survival (P< 0.05). After DSG2 knockdown, the proliferative activity, colony formation and migration ability of SiHa and Hela cells were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). Compared with adjacent normal tissues, ADAM17 was highly expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0.05), and high ADAM17 expression suggested poor overall survival in cervical cancer patients (P< 0.05). The results of immunocoprecipitation showed the interaction between DSG2 and c-MYC. Compared with DSG2 overexpression group, DSG2 overexpression combined with c-MYC inhibition group significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and ADAM17 expression (P < 0.05).Conclusion: DSG2 is highly expressed in cervical cancer, and inhibition of DSG2 expression can reduce the proliferation and migration ability of cervical cancer cells, which may be related to the regulation of ADAM17 expression through c-MYC interaction.Keywords: cervical cancer, proliferation, migration, DSG2, c-MYC, ADAM17

Epigenetic modifications play an important role in cellular senescence, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a key methyltransferase involved in epigenetic remodeling in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We have previously demonstrated that GSK126, a specific EZH2 inhibitor, exhibits anti-MM therapeutic efficacy and safety in vivo and in vitro; however, its specific mechanism remains unclear. This study shows that GSK126 induces cellular senescence in MM, which is characterized by the accumulation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and p21, and increased senescence-associated β galactosidase activity. Furthermore, EZH2 is inhibited in ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2)-overexpressing OCI-MY5 and RPMI-8226 cells. RRM2 overexpression inhibits the methyltransferase function of EZH2 and promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inducing cellular senescence. In this senescence model, Lamin B1, a key component of the nuclear envelope and a marker of senescence, does not decrease but instead undergoes aberrant accumulation. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) is significantly increased. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in turn partially restores Lamin B1 level and alleviates senescence. These findings suggest that EZH2 inhibition increases Lamin B1 level and induces senescence by promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These data indicate that EZH2 plays an important role in MM cellular senescence and provide insights into the relationships among Lamin B1, p-ERK1/2, and cellular senescence.

Objective To investigate the effect of Yes-associated protein (YAP) on intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells and its possible mechanism. Methods The relatively normal and degenerative intervertebral disc tissues of patients who underwent lumbar surgery in our hospital from March 2021 to July 2022 were harvested, and then the expression of YAP in the tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry assay and Western blotting. Human primary nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and primarily cultured, and treated with IL-1β to induce degeneration. Then the cells was divided into control group, IL-1β group, IL-1β+LV-YAP group, IL-1β+YAP-siRNA group, and IL-1β+LV-YAP+3-MA group. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of the proteins related to extracellular matrix catabolism and autophagy in each group. Finally, a rat model of disc degeneration was established, and the expression of YAP and LC3 and disc degeneration were observed with MRI, Alcian blue staining and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression level of YAP was significantly lower in the degraded disc tissues than the relatively normal disc tissues (P < 0.05). The IL-1β+LV-YAP group had significantly increased protein levels of Collagen Ⅱ, Aggrecan, and LC3-Ⅱ (P < 0.05), and decreased levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 (P < 0.05) when compared with the cells after IL-1β treatment, whereas the IL-1β+YAP-siRNA group showed the exact opposite effects. What's more, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA resulted in decreased number of GFP-LC3 positive particles and protein levels of Collagen Ⅱ, Aggrecan and LC3-Ⅱ (P < 0.05), and increased protein expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 (P < 0.05) in comparison with the conditions in the IL-1β+LV-YAP group. Furthermore, YAP overexpression promoted LC3 expression and inhibited disc degeneration in rat model of disc degeneration. Conclusion YAP overexpression can inhibit extracellular matrix degradation by promoting autophagy in human nucleus pulposus cells and thus delaying disc degeneration.

The Bryum atrovirens Brid. complex in China was critically revised based on morphological evidence, with a focus on the tubers. The aim of the study is to clarify the morphological delimitation, and geographical distribution for each recognized species of this complex in China. The results show that: (1) Nine species are recognized for the complex in China, namely B. apiculatum Schwägr., B. atrovirens Brid., B. bornholmense Wink. & R. Ruthe, B. clavatum (Schimp.) Müll. Hal., B. radiculosum Brid., B. rubens Mitt., B. sauteri Bruch & Schimp., B. stellituber Arts and B. tuberosum Mohamed & Damanhuri. B. stellituber represents a new record for China, whereas sporophytes are for the first time recorded in two populations of the new record, and the rhizoidal tubers of B. atrovirens and B. rubens are first documented from Chinese material. (2) Species of the B. atrovirens Brid. complex are ‘ephemeral’ colonists adapted to the exploitation of short-lived habitat gaps. Asexual reproduction by means of tubers was observed to be common and numerous. Identification of species within the complex relies heavily on the tuber characteristics, including its distribution (along short or long rhizoids, clustered or not), color, shape, size, cell wall thickness, presence of surface protuberance, and degree of protuberance when present. (3) The distribution at global and Chinese provincial levels for each species is summarized. An identification key to species of the B. atrovirens Brid. complex in China is presented. In conclusion, the species identification of the B. atrovirens Brid. complex can be rapidly accomplished based on the morphological characteristics exhibited by the tuber. The species newly record adds data for the moss in China.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effects of Ginkgolide B on the biological characteristics of brain T cells and their interactions with glial cells during the recovery phase of ischemic stroke in mice.Methods36 adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-operated group (Sham group), control group (PBS group), and Ginkgolide B treatment group (GB group). The Sham group underwent only sham surgeries, whereas the PBS and GB groups were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model using the filament method, followed by intranasal administration of an equivalent volume of either PBS or Ginkgolide B solution for 14 days post-injury. Neurological function changes were evaluated in all three groups using the rotarod test and a neurological scoring system. On day 15, single-cell sequencing was performed on fresh tissues from the brain injury areas, surrounding cortex, corpus callosum, and striatum of mice in the PBS and GB group to assess the biological characteristics of T cells and their subpopulations, and further explore the interactions and mechanisms among T cells, microglia, and oligodendrocytes.ResultsCompared with the Sham group, both PBS and GB group exhibited significant improvements in neurological scores and reduced pre-fall motor durations (P < 0.001). Compared with the PBS group, the GB group showed a downward trend in neurological scores and an upward trend in pre-fall motor durations on days 5, 10, and 15 post-ischemic brain injury, with a significant increase in pre-fall motor duration on day 15 (P < 0.05). Compared with the PBS group, the GB group exhibited a significant increase in T cell proliferative activity in the brain 15 days post brain injury (P < 0.05). The number of proliferative T cells and the levels of lipid metabolism were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), and there was a significant increase in extracellular matrix remodeling in all T cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, the interactions between T cells and both microglia and oligodendrocytes, as well as among the microglia themselves and between microglia and oligodendrocytes, were significantly enhanced in the GB group. This was primarily evident in the strengthened interactions between CD74 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), as well as colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) (P < 0.05). However, the inflammatory levels of T cells showed no significant differences compared with the PBS group.ConclusionA mouse model of ischemic stroke can be successfully established by MCAO operation. Ginkgolide B may promote neurological recovery post-brain injury in mice by modulating the biological characteristics of T cells within the brain and their interactions with glial cells.

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proved to play crucial roles in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of circGLIS3 involved in gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. Methods The higher expression level of circGLIS3 was identified in GC through RNA sequencing and subsequent tissue verification using Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A series of functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to evaluated the effects of circGLIS3 on tumor growth and metastasis in GC. The interaction and regulation of circGLIS3/miR-1343-3p/PGK1 axis was confirmed by RNA pulldown, western blot, and rescue experiments. RIP and western blot were performed to demonstrate the role of circGLIS3 in regulating phosphorylation of VIMENTIN. We then used qRT-PCR and co culture system to trace circGLIS3 transmission via exosomal communication and identify the effect of exosomal circGLIS3 on gastric cancer and macrophages. Finally, RIP experiments were used to determine that EIF4A3 regulates circGLIS3 expression. Results CircGLIS3(hsa_circ_0002874) was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and high circGLIS3 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in GC patients. We discovered that overexpression of circGLIS3 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and in vivo, while suppression of circGLIS3 exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circGLIS3 could sponge miR-1343-3p and up-regulate the expression of PGK1 to promote GC tumorigenesis. We also found that circGLIS3 reduced the phosphorylation of VIMENTIN at ser 83 site by binding with VIMENTIN. Moreover, it was proven that exosomal circGLIS3 could promote gastric cancer metastasis and the M2 type polarization of macrophages. In the final step, the mechanism of EIF4A3 regulating the generation of circGLIS3 was determined. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that circGLIS3 promotes GC progression through sponging miR-1343-3p and regulating VIMENTIN phosphorylation. CircGLIS3 is a potential therapeutic target for GC patients.

Qiu-Yu Tang,1,&ast; Yu-Lin Zhong,2,&ast; Xin-Miao Wang,3,&ast; Bing-Lin Huang,1 Wei-Guo Qin,4 Xin Huang2 1College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 908th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force’, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Huang, Department of ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 152, Ai Guo Road, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15879215294, Email 334966891@qq.comObjective: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a globally prevalent, irreversible eye disease leading to blindness. Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that PACG patients were associated with gray matter function changes. However, whether the white matter(WM) function changes in PACG patients remains unknown. The purpose of the study is to investigate WM function changes in the PACG patients.Methods: In total, 40 PACG patients and 40 well-matched HCs participated in our study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. We compared between-group differences between PACG patients and HC in the WM function using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). In addition, the SVM method was applied to the construction of the PACG classification model.Results: Compared with the HC group, ALFF was attenuated in right posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation), splenium of corpus callosum, and left tapetum in the PACG group, the results are statistically significant (GRF correction, voxel-level P < 0.001, cluster-level P < 0.05). Furthermore, the SVM classification had an accuracy of 80.0% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 for distinguishing patients with PACG from HC.Conclusion: The findings of our study uncover abnormal WM functional alterations in PACG patients and mainly involves vision-related regions. These findings provide new insights into widespread brain damage in PACG from an alternative WM functional perspective.Keywords: primary angle-closure glaucoma, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, white matter, support vector machine

[Objective] The Three Gorges Reservoir’s impoundment has speed up habitat fragmentation and patching in the water level fluctuation zone, and extreme habitat stress has seriously damaged the structure and function of vegetation. Clarifying the habitat status of the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, proposing an adaptive vegetation restoration strategy, and reconstructing the comprehensive ecological function of damaged river corridor are of utmost importance for building regional ecological security pattern and ensuring water resources security of the Yangtze River Basin. [Methods] In response to the prominent issues of vegetation degradation and ecological function damage, we systematically analyzed multiple habitat conditions and their influence on riparian vegetation growth. Focusing on the basic requirements for ecological restoration of damaged river corridor along reservoir banks, a vegetation restoration pattern for construction of suitable microhabitats and optimization of vegetation functional pattern was explored. [Results] The habitat conditions of the water level fluctuation zone were jointly regulated by unique water level rhythm formed by reservoir, operation, climate condition during the exposed, soil erosion and sedimentation and soil environment, which presented a distinctive spatial heterogeneity pattern. Among these, inundation duration, emergence time, and inundation intensity by seasonal water fluctuation were the primary factors affecting plant reproduction and development, while soil erosion, sedimentation burial and soil substrates affected vegetation growth. [Conclusion] Accordingly, water level, site conditions and morphological-functional trait characteristics of various vegetation should be comprehensively considered when planning vegetation restoration in the water level fluctuation zone. Meanwhile, the high-quality stress-resistant species selection, site preparation measures for soil condition improvement, and the zonal optimization of vegetation patterns were beneficial for rebuilding the comprehensive ecological function of the water level fluctuation zone. This provided theoretical support and scientific basis for the ecological management of the water level fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Objective To calculate the leakage rate of the automated watering system in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, to evaluate the safety of the system, and provide references for selection, maintenance, and management of automated watering systems in animal facilities. Methods This study investigated the automated watering system installed in South and North Barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center (Phase II). Water leakage monitoring was conducted over two periods, one over a period of 3 years and the other over 1.5 years. The occurrence of water leakage events at the two barriers during the monitoring period was statistically analyzed, classifying the causes into four categories: mishandling by personnel, animal behavior, obstruction by foreign objects, and deformation of fittings. The total daily leakage rate due to these causes and the daily leakage rate caused by quality issues, i.e. obstruction by foreign objects and deformation of fittings were calculated. Further analysis and discussion focused on the causes of water leakage and its impact on the facilities. At the same time, the number of caretakers at the end of the monitoring period in the Phase I facility without automated watering system and the Phase II facility with automated watering system were counted. Finally the difference in the number of cages per capita under the two watering systems was calculated. ResultsA total of 52 water leakage incidents occurred in both areas during the monitoring period, with a total daily leakage rate of 0.000 13%. Among them, 31 were caused by personnel mishandling, accounting for approximately 60% of total leakages. Enhanced training, supervision, inspection, and effective reminder measures could reduce leakage caused by personnel mishandling. There were 2 cases of water leakages caused by animal behavior, 0 leakage due to obstruction by foreign objects, and 19 leakages due to system quality issues, with a daily leakage rate of 0.000 07%. According to the operation data of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, the average number of cages managed per person in facilities equipped with the automated watering system was 908, compared to 570 cages in facilities without the automated watering system. This represents an approximate 59% increase in the number of cages managed per person with the adoption of the automated watering system. Conclusion The daily leakage rate of the automated watering system in the Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center is significantly lower than the theoretical design rate of 0.003%, which demonstrates the system's safety and effectiveness. Additionally, the adoption of an automated watering system can significantly enhance caretaking efficiency. While initial investments in the system are required, the subsequent increase in efficiency leads to a continuous decrease in labor costs, thereby reducing the total operational expenses of the facility. In the context of modernizing animal facility construction, automated watering systems are becoming an essential consideration in facility design and operation.

In people with cancer, certain chemotherapy drugs can have hiccups as a side effect, seriously affecting the quality of life. According to the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, the chemotherapy-induced hiccup is associated with Zangfu, blood stasis and syndrome of Zhuodu and Huoxie. This paper summarized the etiology, pathogenesis and nursing countermeasures of chemotherapy-induced hiccup, investigate the key issues in Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy by syndrome differentiation, and provided reference for precision treatment and care of patients with chemotherapy-induced hiccup. (化疗相关性呃逆是肿瘤患者治疗过程中常见的并发症, 严重影响患者生活质量。中医认为化疗相关性呃逆与肿瘤疾病、化疗药物以及脏腑、淤血、浊毒、火邪均有关。本研究对中医中关于呃逆的病因机制以及治疗和护理方法进行总结, 探讨中医治疗呃逆的辨证要点, 旨在为化疗相关性呃逆的精准化治疗和护理提供参考。)

Pulmonary drug delivery has the advantages of being rapid, efficient, and well-targeted, with few systemic side effects. In addition, it is non-invasive and has good patient compliance, making it a highly promising drug delivery mode. However, there have been limited studies on drug delivery via pulmonary inhalation compared with oral and intravenous modes. This paper summarizes the basic research and clinical translation of pulmonary inhalation drug delivery for the treatment of diseases and provides insights into the latest advances in pulmonary drug delivery. The paper discusses the processing methods for pulmonary drug delivery, drug carriers (with a focus on various types of nanoparticles), delivery devices, and applications in pulmonary diseases and treatment of systemic diseases (e.g., COVID-19, inhaled vaccines, diagnosis of the diseases, and diabetes mellitus) with an updated summary of recent research advances. Furthermore, this paper describes the applications and recent progress in pulmonary drug delivery for lung diseases and expands the use of pulmonary drugs for other systemic diseases.

C16H9BrINO2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.9305(12) Å, b = 8.2051(10) Å, c = 11.3141(13) Å, α = 85.384(10)°, β = 85.619(11)°, γ = 87.745(11)°, V = 731.27(17) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0397, wRref(F2) = 0.0819, T = 293(2) K.