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Surgery is the mainstay of lung cancer treatment options. Traditionally, lobectomy has held its place as the gold standard for treating localized lung cancer, while sublobar resection, including wedge resection and segmentectomy, was primarily considered as an alternative, often reserved for patient ineligible to sustain a radical intervention. However, with the widespread application of computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice, the increasing detection rate of pulmonary ground glass nodules (GGNs) has reshaped this landscape. Ground glass opacity (GGO) in persistent lung nodules is an indicative factor of a favorable prognosis, typically corresponding to pathological changes such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or adenocarcinomas predominantly featuring a lepidic growth pattern. A large number of retrospective studies have shown that sublobar resection can achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for such lesions. A series of prospective studies from Japan have confirmed that for early-stage lung cancers dominated by GGOs, sublobar resection is also a viable curative surgical option. The follow-up data showed that there was no statistical difference in the survival status of these patients compared with that of pulmonary lobectomy. This article aims to delve into the role of limited lung resection in the context of lung adenocarcinoma presenting with GGO features.

Manganese dioxide has been significantly utilized in zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). However, in the rechargeable battery system, the manganese dioxide cathode suffers from poor conductivity, volume expansion, and substance dissolution, resulting in low capacity and poor stability. Herein, a 3D frame structure MnO2@CNTs cathode is proposed. In this system, the electrodeposited spherical MnO2 is anchored and interlinked via the in‐situ growth carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the carbon cloth. Benefiting the unique 3D frame structure, the MnO2 structure crush problem and the pathway of the electrons and ions are dramatically improved. The optimized MnO2@CNTs cathode demonstrate a high capacity of 256.35 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exceptional cycling stability. Furthermore, in‐situ Raman spectroscopy elucidates the energy storage mechanism of aqueous ZIBs (AZIBs). Moreover, COMSOL finite elements analysis demonstrates that the petal edge‐rich nanostructures of MnO2@CNTs generate a localized high electric field under constant current, accelerating ion/electron transfer. This work explains the rationale for CNTs to improve the properties of MnO2 cathodes, providing a new perspective for the design of high‐performance batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep carbonate reservoirs, testing and production with open-hole completion can help release the maximum production capacity. However, because the reservoir is subjected to high in situ stress, if the test pressure differential is too large, the wellbore collapse and instability will occur easily, causing downhole accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the state of the borehole during the open-hole test in the carbonate reservoir and analyze the ultimate test pressure differential accordingly to ensure test safety. Considering the characteristics of open-hole completion, based on the mechanical properties of the carbonate reservoir and the stress distribution around the borehole during testing, a calculation method of the elastic zone, plastic zone, and residual failure zone around the open-hole wellbore was proposed. Regarding actual engineering data, a criterion for the overall stability of the open-hole section had been established from three aspects: the volume ratio of the plastic zone; the failure zone around the wellbore; and the failure angle on the borehole wall. According to this criterion, it is possible to determine the ultimate pressure differential during the open-hole test process and provide theoretical support for designing the open-hole completion test and production parameters for deep carbonate reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, however the influence of SH on prognosis of ejection fraction preserved heart failure (HFpEF) is not fully understood. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with HFpEF were divided into euthyroidism group (n = 413) and SH group (n = 79). Patients were followed up for at least 30 months to examine the association between SH and cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF. The primary end point was composite cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death and re-hospitalization). The patients underwent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurement by ultrasound in order to value endothelial function. Results: The rate of composite cardiovascular events was higher in SH group than in euthyroidism group (54.49% and 26.36%, respectively; p < 0.001). The higher risk of cardiovascular events in SH group was primarily due to a higher risk of re-hospitalization compared to euthyroidism group (45.56% and 20.58%, respectively; p < 0.001). The rate of cardiovascular death was higher in SH group than in euthyroidism group (13.92% and 5.81%, respectively; p = 0.017). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that SH (hazard ratios [HR] 1.921, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.139– 3.240), level of TSH (HR 1.025, 95% CI 1.010– 1.054), age (HR 1.017, 95% CI 1.002– 1.034), LVEF (HR 0.975, 95% CI 0.953– 0.996), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.581, 95% CI 1.083– 2.307), eGFR (HR 0.987, 95% CI 0.978– 0.997), and NYHA cardiac function (HR 2.342, 95% CI 1.649– 3.326) were independent predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with increased cardiovascular events and death in patients with HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vapor–solid reaction technique holds potential for producing large‐scale organic–inorganic perovskite films, using a two‐step deposition process. The sucess of perovskite formation heavily relies on the crystallization of lead iodide (PbI2) precursor films. However, the high crystallinity of PbI2 can hinder organic vapors' diffusion and negatively affecting the solar cells by increasing charge recombination and accelerating degradation. To address this, pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PTFS) is introduced into the PbI2 precursor solution to control the nucleation and growth of PbI2 films. PTFS has been found to effectively suppresses PbI2 crystallization and enhance the integration of formamidinium ion (FA+) through hydrogen bonding, facilitating the full transformation of PbI2 into perovskite. It also minimizes defect formation by interacting with uncoordinated Pb2+ and FA+ ions. These modifications have significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE), reaching up to 21.19%, and the devices have maintained 93% of their initial performance after 1580 h of exposure to air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The suitability of sublobar resection as a surgical approach for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. This study investigated the feasibility of sublobar resection in patients with pathological-stage IA adenocarcinoma less than 2 cm characterized by a high-risk pathological subtype but exhibiting radiologically noninvasive features., Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with pathological stage IA lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical intervention between 2013 and 2017. The inclusion criteria included a maximum tumor diameter of 2.0 cm or less, a consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) of 0.25 or less, and a histopathological confirmation of a solid or micropapillary component. Patients were categorized into sublobar resection and lobectomy groups, and propensity score matching was employed to mitigate potential confounders. The primary endpoints were lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and overall survival (OS)., Results: The study comprised 149 patients, with 84 in the lobectomy group and 65 in the limited resection group. In the overall cohort, the 5-year LCSS was 100% for both groups, while the 5-year OS was 97.6% (95% CI: 94.41-100.00%) in the lobectomy group and 100% in the sublobar resection group (P=0.21). After propensity score matching, the LCSS remained at 100% for both groups, and the 5-year OS was 97.14% in the lobectomy group and 100% in the sublobar resection group (P=0.32)., Conclusions: Based on our experience, for lung adenocarcinoma containing solid/micropapillary subtype, a size less than 2 cm, and a CTR ≤0.25, the oncological outcomes appeared to be comparable between sublobar resection and lobectomy, suggesting that sublobar resection might serve as an equivalent alternative to lobectomy for such lesions., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tlcr-24-231/coif). N.R.V. received support for registration, airfare and hotel at AATS annual meeting Los Angeles 2023 from Ziosoft. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Our previous study demonstrated that combined transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and retinal progenitor cells in rats has therapeutic effects on retinal degeneration that are superior to transplantation of retinal progenitor cells alone. Bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate and interact with various cells in the retinal microenvironment by secreting neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles. Small extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which offer low immunogenicity, minimal tumorigenic risk, and ease of transportation, have been utilized in the treatment of various neurological diseases. These vesicles exhibit various activities, including anti-inflammatory actions, promotion of tissue repair, and immune regulation. Therefore, novel strategies using human retinal progenitor cells combined with BMSC-derived small extracellular vesicles may represent an innovation in stem cell therapy for retinal degeneration. In this study, we developed such an approach utilizing retinal progenitor cells combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles to treat retinal degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons rats, a genetic model of retinal degeneration. Our findings revealed that the combination of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and retinal progenitor cells significantly improved visual function in these rats. The addition of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles as adjuvants to stem cell transplantation with retinal progenitor cells enhanced the survival, migration, and differentiation of the exogenous retinal progenitor cells. Concurrently, these small extracellular vesicles inhibited the activation of regional microglia, promoted the migration of transplanted retinal progenitor cells to the inner nuclear layer of the retina, and facilitated their differentiation into photoreceptors and bipolar cells. These findings suggest that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of retinal progenitor cells in retinal degeneration by promoting their survival and differentiation., (Copyright © 2025 Copyright: © 2025 Neural Regeneration Research.)

Electrocatalytic alkyne semihydrogenation under mild conditions is a more attractive approach for alkene production than industrial routes but suffers from either low production efficiency or high energy consumption. Here, we describe a tandem catalytic concept that overcomes these challenges. Component (i), which can trap hydrogen effectively, is partnered with component (ii), which can readily release hydrogen for hydrogenation, to enable efficient generation of active hydrogen on component (i) at low overpotentials and timely (i)-to-(ii) hydrogen spillover and facile desorptive hydrogenation on component (ii). We examine this concept over bicomponent palladium-copper catalysts for the production of representative 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBE) from 2-methyl-3-butyne-2-ol (MBY) and achieve a record high MBE production rate of 1.44 mmol h -1  cm -2 and a Faraday efficiency of ~88.8 % at a low energy consumption of 1.26 kWh kg MBE -1 . With these catalysts, we further achieve 60 h continuous production of MBE with record high profit space., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Mucin-related tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are important and interesting targets for cancer vaccine therapy. However, efficient access to a library of mucin-related TACAs remains a challenging task. One of the key issues is the challenging construction of α-GalNAc linkages. Here, we report highly stereoselective α-glycosylation with GalN 3 N -phenyl trifluoroacetimidate donors, which features excellent yields, outstanding stereoselectivities, broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. This method is successfully applied to highly stereoselective synthesis of GalN 3 -α- O -Ser, which served as the common intermediate for collective synthesis of a wide range of TACAs including T N antigen, ST N antigen, 2,6 STF antigen, 2,3 STF antigen, glycophorin and cores 1-8 mucin-type O -glycans. In particular, the rationale for this highly stereoselective α-glycosylation is provided for the first time using DFT calculations and mechanistic studies, highlighting the crucial roles of reagent combinations (TMSI and Ph 3 PO) and the H-bonding directing effect of the N 3 group., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)