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The corrosion of metals poses a threat to the economy, the environment, and human health due to undesirable reactions and contaminated products. Corrosion inhibitors, including natural products, can play a key role in protecting metallic materials, especially under challenging conditions. In this study, the roots of the Inula viscosa plant were examined for their ability to act as corrosion inhibitors in a 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Different extracts of the plant were evaluated for their corrosion inhibition capacity in a 1 M HCl solution. The effectiveness of different plant extracts was assessed, including an aqueous extract, an ethanolic extract, and a combined water–ethanol extract. Compounds present in the roots of Inula viscosa were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The electrochemical properties of the extracts were studied using various techniques such as open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization. Additionally, surface analysis after immersion was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical data revealed that Inula viscosa root (IVR) extracts acted as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors with pronounced cathodic characteristics. The inhibitory efficiency was closely related to the concentration of Inula viscosa (I. viscosa), showing a significant increase with higher concentrations. This resulted in a decrease in corrosion current and an increase in polarization resistance. Notably, inhibitory efficiency reached high levels, up to 97.7% in mixed extract which represents a mixture between water and ethanol. In our study, it was observed that the mixed extract (water + ethanol) allowed for a greater corrosion inhibition compared to the other solvents studied, 97.7%. Surface analyses confirmed the formation of an organic film layer on the steel surface, attributed to the bonding of functional groups and heteroatoms in I. viscosa components. Therefore, this study paves the way for the potential integration of I. viscosa as a promising corrosion inhibition material, offering durable protection against steel corrosion and opening avenues for various related applications.

Under sustainable development conditions, water quality and quantity play a crucial role in meeting basic human needs. To meet the growing demand for water, surface water quality management is an important aspect. Consequently, water quality must be monitored and assessed via the use of innovative techniques, such as water quality index (SEQ-Water).For that purpose, water quality of Oued Fez catchment areas was evaluated according to Moroccan water quality guidelines by using the weighted quality index (SEQ-Water), physicochemical parameters, trace elements and bacteriological characterization. Five Sites were chosen after a diagnosis based on different criteria such as activity and density of population. These sites were Amont oued Fez (S1), Oued Fez (S2), Oued Ljawahir (S3), Oued Tgat (S4) and Oued Ain Smen (S5). Physicochemical quality was determined by evaluating Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (NTK), suspended solids (SS), nitrates (NO3-), nitrites (NO2-), ammonium (NH4+), sulphates (SO42-), total phosphorus (TP) and trace elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb and Zn). Bacteriological analyses were carried out by testing enumeration of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC).Except Oued Ain Smen, physico-chemical parameters exceed by far the Moroccan standards of surface water quality. High concentrations of Se, Cd, Pb and As were detected. Fecal and total coliforms were also present at all sites, and varied from 1150 CF/100 mL to 100,000 CF/100 mL. All results were statistically validated with a p value

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemolytic properties of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) essential oil, with a focus on its potential therapeutic applications for dermatological diseases and the importance of transforming such bioactive properties into a stable, safe, and effective formulation. Methods/Rsults: Essential oils were extracted from flowers harvested in northern Grande Comore using hydro distillation at three different distillation times to examine the impact on yield and quality. Gas chromatographic analysis identified a complex mixture of compounds, including linalool, geranyl acetate, and benzyl benzoate. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, TAC, and beta-carotene bleaching inhibition assays, revealing significant radical scavenging capabilities, with DPPH IC50 varying between 1.57 and 3.5 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showing promising inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations. Hemolytic tests indicated varying degrees of red blood cell damage, emphasizing the need for careful concentration management in therapeutic applications. Molecular docking studies highlighted potential therapeutic targets for dermatological conditions, identifying high binding affinities for specific compounds against proteins involved in acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Conclusions: This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of ylang-ylang essential oil (YEOs) as a natural alternative for antimicrobial treatments and dermatological applications, with its success dependent on optimized extraction methods and precise formulation to reduce cytotoxic effects. A formulation approach is crucial to ensure controlled release, improve bioavailability, and minimize skin irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel ecological ionic-liquid derivatives based on imidazolium (ILs), namely, 3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-chloride [OE-IM+, Cl-] and 3-(4-ethoxy-4-oxobutyl)-1-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-chloride [OB-IM+, Cl-] was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic Polarization (PP), SEM/EDX analysis and theoretical calculations. It is found that the studied ionic liquids exhibit high inhibition performance for Mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl. Hence the formation of a barrier layer that retards redox reactions and therefore prevents the corrosion process of MS. Inhibition efficiency for all the compounds increases with their concentration and follows the order [OE-IM+, Cl-] < [OB-IM+, Cl-], indicating effective performance was achieved as the length of the alkyl chain attached to the imidazolium ring extended. Furthermore, DFT and MD simulations were used, revealing the impact of molecular configuration on the anticorrosive properties of these chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a molar hydrochloric acid medium, we investigated the potential of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EuEO). Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves, and theoretical methods, including DFT/B3LYP 6-31G (d, p) and Monte Carlo simulations, the interactions between the EuEO components and the steel surface were analyzed. D-Allose, Betulinaldehyde, and Uvaol were identified as the major active compounds in the GC-MS analysis. The experimental results showed that EuEO reached an inhibitory efficiency as high as 97% at a 1 g/L concentration. The findings suggest that EuEO operates as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both cathodic and anodic reactions, as well as building up a protective coating on the steel surface. Simulations also confirmed that EuEO molecules function as electron donors and acceptors, enhancing corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents. This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environment and combat water pollution. The objective of this work is to elaborate a biomaterial of vegetable origin, based on the twigs of Aleppo pine, and to use it as an abundant and less expensive material for the treatment of wastewater. For this reason, the twigs were treated physically to get the powder called biomaterial FPA (Aleppo pine fiber), which was characterized by physicochemical, and spectroscopic analyses namely scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallinity index of FPA was evaluated by the peak height method. The findings indicate that the FPA powder has an acidic nature, exhibiting a porous structure that promotes the adsorption and binding of molecules. Additionally, it has a zero charge point of 5.8 and a specific surface area of 384 m2.g−1. It is primarily composed of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine functional groups, along with mineral compounds and organic compounds, including cellulose and other mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, P, Al, K, Ni, and Mo. Combining these characteristics, FPA biomaterial has considerable potential for use as an effective adsorbent biomaterial for various wastewater pollutants. Its abundance and relatively low cost make it an attractive solution to the growing challenges of water pollution worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change poses a threat to plant and animal biodiversity. It induces physiological and morphological changes in plants. This study aimed to assess the effect of climate change on the phytochemical constituents, essential oil yield and chemical composition of Inula viscosa leaves. Three samples of I. viscosa from the Taounate region of Morocco were cultivated in a closed chamber for three years under different climatic conditions: sample 1 (I. viscosa cultivated in the first year under normal temperature and precipitation conditions of Taounate region), sample 2 (I. viscosa cultivated in the second year, at 5°C increase in temperature and 50% decrease in precipitation), and sample 3 (I. viscosa cultivated in the third year, at 10°C increase in temperature and 75% decrease in precipitation). Phytochemical and mineral analyses of the three samples were done according to standard procedures. Essential oils were extracted from the leaves of the three samples by hydro-distillation using the Clavenger apparatus. Chemical composition of the essential oils was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Phytochemical screening showed that moderately intensified climatic conditions (sample 2) led to an increase in phytochemical content, mineral composition, and essential oil yield of Inula viscosa leaves. However, at adverse climatic conditions (sample 3), the phytochemical content, mineral composition, and essential oil yield of Inula viscosa leaves decreased significantly. GC-MS analysis revealed that changes in climatic condition affected the content of major compounds in the essential oil of I. viscosa leaves. Therefore, climate change can significantly impact the chemical composition of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to purify industrial textile effluents by treating two types of commonly encountered dyes: blue maxilon (BM), of cationic nature, and black eriochrome (NE), of anionic nature. We intend to employ an innovative approach based on the adsorption of these dyes onto a novel vegetal biomaterial derived from Aleppo pine fibers (FPAs). A kinetic and thermodynamic study was conducted. The effect of some physicochemical parameters on both dye adsorption and FPAs was also evaluated. The modeling of the adsorption results was performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The results indicate that the equilibrium time strongly depends on the initial concentration of the two dyes, being 60 min with pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics for both dyes. Adsorption isotherms under the optimal conditions of adsorbent mass, temperature, medium pH, and dye concentration were used to determine the maximum adsorption efficiency, which was close to 93% and 98% for BM and NE, respectively. The results also show that the adsorption of both dyes on FPAs fits well with Langmuir's model. The thermodynamic study indicates that the adsorption of both dyes on FPAs is spontaneous and exothermic in nature for BM and endothermic for NE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhabitants of Morocco and particularly of the province of Sefrou use traditional medicine based on aromatic and medicinal plants to treat many diseases such as digestive and respiratory problems, and skin burns Unfortunately, there are very few botanical studies on medicinal and aromatic plants used to treat skin burns in Morocco, especially in the province of Sefrou. This study describes the traditional practice of treating skin burns with medicinal plants in six cities of the province of Sefrou for future pharmacological validation. The survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire in the province of Sefrou in the period of September 2020 and October 2022 which contains information on the plant, their family, and the method of preparation, and method of use. It was found that Lamiaceae and Asteraceae were the two most preferred families by the participants surveyed for the treatment of dermatological problems. The most used medicinal plants are Allium cepa, Curcuma longa, Eryngium tricuspidatum, Ricinus communis, Mentha pelugium, Origanum compactum. It was found that the leaves are the most frequently used part of the plant with a percentage of 52%, followed by the whole plant with 26%. In most treatments, the powder is sprinkled directly on the burn. The study has documented the plants that are found in the province of Sefrou use to treat skin burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Origanum grosii (L.) and Thymus pallidus (L.) are medicinal plants recognized for their uses in traditional medicine. In this context, the aim of this article is to highlight the results of a phytochemical analysis (HPLC), with particular emphasis on the antioxidant (DPPH, TAC, and FRAP), analgesic, anti-inflammatory, haemagglutinin-test-related, and hemolytic activities of the total extracts of these plants. Phytochemical analysis via HPLC revealed that licoflavone C (30%) is the main compound in Origanum grosii, while hesperidin (43%) is found in T. pallidus. Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Origanum grosii and Thymus pallidus using the DPPH, TAC, and FRAP methods revealed an IC50 of the order of 0.085 mg/mL and 0.146 mg/mL, an EC50 of the order of 0.167 mg/mL and 0.185 mg/mL, and a total antioxidant capacity of between 750 mg EQ/g and 900 mg EQ/g, respectively. Analgesic evaluations revealed writhes inhibition of the order of 97.83% for O. grosii and 90% for T. pallidus. In addition, both plant extracts showed limited hemolytic activity, not exceeding 30% at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential showed edema inhibition of the order of 94% (800 mg/kg) for O. grosii and 86% (800 mg/kg) for T. pallidus. These results highlight the potential applications of these extracts in pharmacological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many species of the genus Ferula, including Ferula communis are used medicinally to treat various diseases. Consumption of Ferula communis has been reported to have toxic effect. The study aims to evaluate the polyphenolic content, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicological activities of the methanol and aqueous extracts of the edible fruit (MEFE and AEFE) and the fruit at the advanced stage of flowering (AEFAF and MEFAF) of Ferula communis. The polyphenolic (total phenolic and flavonoid) contents were evaluated using standard procedures. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2'- azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) assays. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against selected bacteria and fungal organisms using the disk diffusion method. Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the hydroethanol extract of the edible fruit (HEFE) was evaluated in mice according to standard procedures. The results indicate that the AEFE has higher phenolic and flavonoid content than the MEFE. Whereas, the MEFAF showed a very high amount of phenols and flavonoids compared to AEFAF. AEFAF displayed a higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH and FRAP assays, whereas MEFE showed higher antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay. AEEF and MEEF showed remarkable antibacterial action. Acute and sub-acute oral administration of HEFE did not cause any toxic effect in mice. On the basis of these findings, Ferula communis fruit could serve as a potential antioxidant against oxidative stress, and a potential antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants have been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. These plants are generally perceived as safe, but they could also be toxic. The present study aims to undertake a survey of the nature, mode of application, and toxic effect of medicinal plants used in Fez-Meknes region, Eastern Middle Atlas, Morocco. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from January 2020 to August 2021. The method employed a semi-structured questionnaire with open-ended questions on the uses, mode of application, and effects of the plants. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. Parameters such as Family use value (FUV), Use value (UV), Fidelity level (FL), and Informant agreement ratio (IAR) were obtained. From the survey, 59 potentially toxic plants, distributed across 33 families were documented. Concerning the uses of these plants, 31% of the respondents claimed that the plants are for cosmetic purposes, 23% claimed they are for minor illnesses, 15% claimed they are for chronic diseases, another 15% claimed they are ineffective, while 8% each claimed that they are for acute illnesses and other uses. For the disease categories, the result showed that the IAR values ranged from 0.8 to 0.96. The disease with the highest IAR value was hair loss (IAR = 0.96), followed by rheumatism (IAR = 0.95). The findings from this study have highlighted the potentially poisonous plants in the Fez-Meknes region. Further phytochemical and pharmacological studies on acute, sub-acute, and chronic plant toxicity are needed to determine the acceptable dose (LD50), the most appropriate method for optimal use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thymus vulgaris L. (family Lamiaceae) is an aromatic medicinal plant well-known for its essential oil and therapeutic values. It thrives across Europe, Western Asia, the Mediterranean, and Northwestern Africa. This study aims to investigate the effect of climate change on the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of Thymus vulgaris essential oil. Essential oils were extracted from three distinct Thymus vulgaris samples (S1 - S3) cultivated under different climatic conditions. S1 was cultivated under normal seasonal condition; S2 and S3 were cultivated under controlled conditions; 5°C temperature increase and 50% precipitation (S2), 10°C temperature increase and 75% precipitation (S3). Chemical constituents of the essential oils were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The antidiabetic activity was assessed via the a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory activities. GC-MS analysis identified 23 compounds with varying proportions in the three essential oil samples. The findings showed that S1 had the most potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 461.83±10.49 µg/mL and 1508.83±7.22 µg/mL in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, while S3 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the FRAP assay, with IC50 value of 244.64±1.34 µg/mL. For the antidiabetic activity, S1 showed the highest a-amylase inhibitory activity, while S2 exhibited the highest a-glucosidase inhibitory effect. This study sheds light on Thymus vulgaris' adaptability and therapeutic potential under changing climatic conditions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding these dynamics for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA series of triazolo-benzodiazepine derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine (BZD) 1 with nitrilimine analogs (N-aryl-C-ethoxycarbonyl-nitrilimines and diarylnitrilimines). The newly synthesized cycloadducts were well-characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C NMR, and HRMS). The structure of single-crystal was characterized using a single-crystal X-ray technique. A theoretical study of the chemo and regioselectivity has been performed by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. A comprehensive theoretical study of the reaction mechanism was performed. The geometry of the different reactants and products were analyzed, the transition states were located and the corresponding reaction paths were determined and characterized by the intrinsic reaction coordinate. Computational results show that the reactions were completely chemo and regioselective, the mechanism of reactions was non-concerted and explained the effect of aryl groups on the reaction yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]