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Aspiration pneumonia is a serious problem in the elderly due to weakened swallowing reflexes or underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can become life-threatening, sometimes requiring extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Lung transplantation is a possible therapeutic option for patients with no signs of lung recovery despite prolonged ECMO support. However, this can be a particularly challenging situation in a geriatric population. We report the case of a 79-year-old male with aspiration pneumonia leading to severe ARDS who underwent successful bilateral lung transplantation after 60 days of ECMO support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores the relevance of behavioral and psychological factors in contributing to organizational environmental sustainability in the workplace. Methods: Data were obtained from 271 workers in 5 organizations operating in the manufacturing sector in Italy and analyzed through a regression methodology. We tested two models, in which the employees' perception of the work climate is derived from different sets of norms. In one model, we explored the influence of organizational policies and practices (injunctive norms). In another model, we explored the influence of peers' behavior (social, descriptive norms). Results: The results show a positive impact of the employees' perception of their work climate on both their propensity to engage in innovative green behaviors and their sense of personal connection with the environment, via environmental commitment. Moreover, we found that the employee's organizational identification positively moderates the effect on green innovative behavior. Discussion: This study underscores the relevance of creating and maintaining a pro-environment work climate in order to foster pro-environment innovative behavioral changes. Also, the results indirectly suggest that the influence on the sense of personal connection with the environment may generate a positive spill-over effect into the private life of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision, or personalized, medicine aims to stratify patients based on variable pathogenic signatures to optimize the effectiveness of disease prevention and treatment. This approach is favorable in the context of brain disorders, which are often heterogeneous in their pathophysiological features, patterns of disease progression and treatment response, resulting in limited therapeutic standard-of-care. Here we highlight the transformative role that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural models are poised to play in advancing precision medicine for brain disorders, particularly emerging innovations that improve the relevance of hiPSC models to human physiology. hiPSCs derived from accessible patient somatic cells can produce various neural cell types and tissues; current efforts to increase the complexity of these models, incorporating region-specific neural tissues and non-neural cell types of the brain microenvironment, are providing increasingly relevant insights into human-specific neurobiology. Continued advances in tissue engineering combined with innovations in genomics, high-throughput screening and imaging strengthen the physiological relevance of hiPSC models and thus their ability to uncover disease mechanisms, therapeutic vulnerabilities, and tissue and fluid-based biomarkers that will have real impact on neurological disease treatment. True physiological understanding, however, necessitates integration of hiPSC-neural models with patient biophysical data, including quantitative neuroimaging representations. We discuss recent innovations in cellular neuroscience that can provide these direct connections through generative AI modeling. Our focus is to highlight the great potential of synergy between these emerging innovations to pave the way for personalized medicine becoming a viable option for patients suffering from neuropathologies, particularly rare epileptic and neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents new empirical findings on the multidimensional barriers that disadvantaged communities must overcome to equitably access quality education and health services. Equitable access to education and health services in disadvantaged communities requires comprehensive public policies that address multidimensional barriers. Through an innovative econometric analysis of primary data collected in 50 rural communities, the most influential factors hindering access to these basic services are identified. This article discusses the most effective public policy strategies for improving access to and the quality of education and health services in disadvantaged communities, and outlines how to implement them sustainably and equitably. The results reveal that a lack of adequate infrastructure, a shortage of qualified personnel, and socioeconomic and cultural barriers are the main obstacles. Based on these findings, a new comprehensive intervention model is proposed, which simultaneously addresses these interconnected barriers. These strategies contribute directly to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 4 (Quality Education), by addressing critical barriers to equitable access to essential health and education services in marginalized communities. These strategies are based on theories that highlight the importance of investing in education and health for human and economic development, and support the fact that investments in these sectors boost productivity, income, well-being, and equity. The study concludes with practical and applicable recommendations for public policymakers, emphasizing the importance of adapting them to the local context and ensuring the active participation of the beneficiary communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients is relatively poor, and there is currently no standard treatment plan. Most patients choose high-dose chemotherapy based on methotrexate. While traditional chemotherapy combined with biological therapy has achieved limited results, some patients still do not respond to treatment or cannot tolerate its toxicity and side effects. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key enzyme in B-cell receptor signaling, and its activation is critical for B-cell survival and proliferation. In recent years, BTK inhibitors have shown great potential in treating lymphomas derived from various B cells because of their strong targeting ability and relatively few side effects. They may also be a reasonable treatment choice for PCNSL. This article reviews the mechanism of action, clinical research, adverse reactions, and other issues of BTK inhibitors in treating PCNSL to provide a reference for individualized treatment of patients with PCNSL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pultruded carbon fiber-reinforced composites are attractive to the wind energy industry due to the rapid production of highly aligned unidirectional composites with enhanced fiber volume fractions and increased specific strength and stiffness. However, high volume carbon fiber manufacturing remains cost-prohibitive. This study investigates the feasibility of a pultruded low-cost textile carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite as a promising material in spar cap production was undertaken based on mechanical response to four-point flexure loading. As spar caps are primarily subjected to flexural loading, large-span four-point flexure was considered, and coupon testing was restricted to tensile modulus and compression strength assessment. High-resolution spatial fiber optic strain sensing was utilized to determine spatial strain distribution during four-point flexure, revealing consistent strain along the length of the part and proved to be an excellent option for process manufacturing quality examination. Additionally, holes with diameters of 2.49 mm, 5.08 mm, and 1.93 mm were drilled through the thickness of full-width parts to determine the feasibility of structural health monitoring of pultruding parts internal to wind blades via fiber optic strain sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an escalating global health crisis, constituting the leading cause of dementia among the elderly and profoundly impairing their quality of life. Current FDA-approved drugs, such as rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and memantine, offer only modest symptomatic relief and are frequently associated with significant adverse effects. Faced with this challenge and in line with advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this neurodegenerative condition, various innovative therapeutic strategies have been explored. Here, we review novel approaches inspired by advanced knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Among the therapeutic alternatives, immunotherapy stands out, employing monoclonal antibodies to specifically target and eliminate toxic proteins implicated in AD. Additionally, the use of medicinal plants is examined, as their synergistic effects among components may confer neuroprotective properties. The modulation of the gut microbiota is also addressed as a peripheral strategy that could influence neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes in the brain. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of emerging approaches, such as the use of microRNAs to regulate key cellular processes and nanotherapy, which enables precise drug delivery to the central nervous system, is analyzed. Despite promising advances in these strategies, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease continues to rise. Therefore, it is proposed that achieving effective treatment in the future may require the integration of combined approaches, maximizing the synergistic effects of different therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management is the property of International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Leveraging intellectual capital as a component of an extant sustainable business excellence model and using the theoretical lens of Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, this paper investigates the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices on the hotel environmental performance by indirect effects of employees' environmental passion and employees' pro-environmental behavior. We utilized multi-time survey data collected from employees working in the hotel industry to test hypothesized relationships. Data have been analyzed through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that green human resource management practices positively influence hotel environmental performance via single mediation of environmental passion and pro-environmental behavior and serial mediation of environmental passion and pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effects of environmental passion were also statistically significant. Our research contributed to offering implications for both scholars and practitioners generally in the tourism and hospitality sector and particularly in hotels on the need to implement effective HR systems integrated with the environmental goals of the organization to provoke a sense of environmental responsibility and nurture green values to achieve environmental objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An action with an object can be accomplished only if we encode the position of the object with respect to our body (i.e., egocentrically) and/or to another element in the environment (i.e., allocentrically). However, some actions with the objects are directed towards our body, such as brushing our teeth, and others away from the body, such as writing. Objects can be near the body, that is within arm reaching, or far from the body, that is outside arm reaching. The aim of this study was to verify if the direction of use of the objects influences the way we represent their position in both near and far space. Objects typically used towards (TB) or away from the body (AB) were presented in near or far space and participants had to judge whether an object was closer to them (i.e., egocentric judgement) or closer to another object (i.e., allocentric judgement). Results showed that egocentric judgements on TB objects were more accurate in near than in far space. Moreover, allocentric judgements on AB objects were less accurate than egocentric judgements in near space but not in far space. These results are discussed with respect to the different roles that visuo-motor and visuo-spatial mechanisms play in near space and far space, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pregnancy, marked changes in vasculature occur. The placenta is developed, and uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulations are established. These processes may be negatively affected by genetic anomalies, maternal environment (i.e., obesity or diabetes), and environmental conditions such as pollutants and hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia has detrimental effects on the vascular adaptations to pregnancy and fetal growth. The typical pregnancy-dependent rise in uterine blood flow by vascular remodeling and vasodilation of maternal uterine arteries is reduced, leading to increases in vascular tone. These maladaptations may lead to complications such as fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia. In this review, the effect of hypoxia on uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation and its impact on pregnancy outcomes in humans and animal models are discussed. Evidence is provided for several mechanisms that affect pregnancy through hypoxia-induced alterations. Future directions to fill gaps in knowledge and develop therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate hypoxia-related pregnancy complications, such as FGR and preeclampsia, are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing and monitoring respiratory parameters, such as respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and lung sounds, is crucial for the management and prognosis of pneumonia patients. Prone positioning has been shown to improve oxygenation in patients with respiratory disorders, including pneumonia, by reducing ventilation/perfusion mismatch. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting the benefits of self-proning in spontaneously breathing pneumonia patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of self-proning on respiratory functions, pneumonia, and mortality risk among patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. The study used a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group, adhering to the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs guidelines. It was conducted in the Medical Respiratory Department inpatient wards at the Respiratory Diseases Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. The study recruited 128 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, conveniently assigned to an intervention group (n = 64) and a control group (n = 64). Data were collected using socio-demographic and historical data sheets, respiratory parameters assessment sheets, the confusion uremia respiratory rate and blood pressure (CURB-65) severity of pneumonia score, and the Pneumonia Severity Index. Prone positioning significantly positively impacted respiratory parameters in the intervention group compared to the control group. Specifically, the intervention group exhibited improvements in respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, reduced need for supplemental oxygen, and cough (p <.05). Furthermore, the intervention group exhibited fewer changes in findings from chest inspection, palpation, and auscultation. In addition, the severity of pneumonia was reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group, as indicated by lower CURB-65 (p =.014) and pneumonia severity index scores (p =.005). The study demonstrated that self-proning interventions significantly improved respiratory functions and reduced the risk of death among participants with community-acquired pneumonia. These findings suggest that self-proning is a beneficial technique for managing respiratory distress, particularly in non-intubated patients, and can be an effective strategy to improve patient outcomes in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques are widely used for extracting specific images from large databases. Recent studies have shown that edge features, alongside colors, align closely with human perception in CBIR. However, most CBIR approaches detect edges using linear methods like gradients, which do not align with how the human visual system (HVS) perceives edges. Bioinspired approaches, based on HVS, have proven more effective for edge detection. This study introduces a novel bioinspired spiking neural network (SNN)-based edge detection method for CBIR. The proposed method reduces computational costs by approximately 2.5 times compared to existing SNN models and offers a simpler, easily integrated structure. When integrated into CBIR techniques using conventional edge detection methods (Sobel, Canny, and image derivatives), it increased the mean precision on the Corel-1k dataset by over 3%. These results indicate that the proposed method is effective for edge-based CBIR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a global initiative to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings. Variations in the reported rates across regions complicate the understanding of their use and tracking trends over time. However, it remains unclear whether these discrepancies reflect real differences in the implementation of these practices or are sourced from inconsistencies in incident classification and reporting methods. This study employed a co-design approach to identify contexts that would influence the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices. The research involved 29 mental health stakeholders, including 22 professional experts from 13 countries across Europe, Africa, North America, Asia and Australasia and seven service users and family carers from Australia. Recruitment was conducted through email invitations, snowball sampling and social media outreach. Six web-based panel meetings, each lasting 90-120 minnutes were held. These discussions focused on exploring various contexts that might lead to uncertainty among professionals when classifying and reporting actions whether or not as restrictive care practices. A final list of 23 contexts was identified and considered for the development of 81 case scenario items. Finally, all the 29 panel members selected 44 from 81 case scenarios for inclusion in an upcoming international survey to examine variations in the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices. The findings from this co-design work emphasise the involvement of a wide range of factors and contexts in the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices that may contribute to the observed variations in the in the reported rates of these practices. The case scenarios developed in this study will support future research and serve educational purposes, illustrating real-life situations in the mental healthcare context., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Introduction: Infants with haemophilia, due to parental overprotection, have difficulty developing their full motor repertoire of typical gross motor development. It is of great clinical importance to evaluate the motor development of these infants with a standardized assessment tool., Aim: To study the gross motor development in infants with haemophilia, using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and compare it with full-term (FT) and preterm infants (PT)., Methods: Fifteen FT infants with severe or moderate haemophilia A and B were assessed with the AIMS (Group D). The scale is already standardized in FT Greek infants (Group A). Two groups of PT infants were also included, with gestational age >32 weeks and ≤32 weeks, Groups B and C, respectively. The mean Z-scores were tested with the ANOVA procedure, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction., Results: The four groups had significantly different mean Z-scores. Infants in Group A had a mean Z-score of 0 ± 1. Infants in Group B lagged significantly behind by one standard deviation. Preterm infants in Group C had a mean Z-score significantly lower than Group B. Infants in Group D had a mean Z-score significantly lower than Group C., Conclusions: Motor development in infants with haemophilia significantly lags behind both FT and PT infants. Differences in AIMS scores could be attributed to the reduction of movement activity, since infants with haemophilia are often deprived of certain positions, being held and carried in the parents' arms, as well as from free play time on the floor., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Under rapid-acquisition, concurrent-chains choice procedures, psychomotor stimulants typically decrease the sensitivity of responding to changes in separate dimensions of reinforcement. Across two experiments, pigeons chose between outcomes that differed in terms of reinforcement delay and magnitude (the dimensions involved in delay discounting or "impulsive" choice; Experiment 1) or reinforcement probability and magnitude (the dimensions involved in probability discounting or "risky" choice; Experiment 2). Outcomes associated with each terminal link were varied independently and pseudorandomly across sessions such that in dominated sessions one terminal link was favorable in terms of both dimensions (sooner, larger in Experiment 1 and more likely, larger in Experiment 2) and in trade-off sessions each terminal link was favorable in terms of a different dimension. Response allocation in initial links tracked changes in terminal-link outcomes in a manner that suggests each dimension contributed additively and independently to choice. Methylphenidate decreased sensitivity to all dimensions of reinforcement at a dose (or doses) that did not substantially affect bias or initial-link response rates. The degree to which methylphenidate decreased sensitivity was related to baseline sensitivity for delay and magnitude but not for probability. Baseline dependency may be a more useful approach for predicting drug effects on delay/impulsive, rather than risky, choice., (© 2025 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.)

Reliable models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), wherein brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) play a key role in maintenance of barrier function, are essential tools for developing therapeutics and disease modeling. Recent studies explored generating BMEC-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by mimicking brain-microenvironment signals or genetic reprogramming. However, due to the lack of comprehensive transcriptional studies, the exact cellular identity of most of these cells remains poorly defined. In this study we aimed to identify the most likely master transcription factors (TFs) for inducing brain endothelial cell (EC) fate and assess the transcriptomic changes following their introduction into immature ECs. Therefore, we first generated PSC-derived immature ECs by transient overexpression of the TF, ETV2. Subsequently, by performing an extensive meta-analysis of transcriptome studies of brain and non-brain ECs, 12 candidate TFs were identified, which might fate immature ECs towards cells with brain EC features. Following combinatorial overexpression of these 12 TFs tagged with unique barcodes, single cell transcriptomics identified a subset of transduced cells that resembled mid-gestational human brain ECs. Assessment of the TF barcodes present in these cells revealed significant enrichment of the TFs ZIC3, TFAP2C, TFAP2A, and DLX2. These TFs might be useful to fate PSC-EC to BMEC-like cells, which could be incorporated in human in vitro BBB models., Competing Interests: Declarations. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Ethics Approval: statement. Ethical Approval: for the use of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line H9 in this study was obtained from the ethics committee of UZ Leuven (Approval Number: S67049). Consent to Participate: Not applicable. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions. We provide current best practices for data availability and metadata for proximal remote sensing: spectral reflectance, solar-induced fluorescence, thermal infrared radiation, microwave backscatter, and LiDAR. Our paper outlines the steps necessary for making these data streams more widespread, accessible, interoperable, and information-rich, enabling us to address key ecological questions unanswerable from space-based observations alone and, ultimately, to demonstrate the feasibility of these technologies to address critical questions in local and global ecology., (© 2025 The Author(s). New Phytologist © 2025 New Phytologist Foundation.)

This study explored gross motor development (GMD) trajectories among 6359 children, with and without autism, from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal cohort study. By the age of 8, 173 children had either an autism diagnosis (n = 108) or parent-reported autism concerns (n = 65). Gross motor milestones were reported by mothers when children were 9, 24, and 54 months of age. We found that irrespective of autism diagnosis, GMD delays at 24 months of age were more likely among girls, children born preterm, and those whose mothers identified as European. A mixed-effect logistic regression model, controlling for antenatal maternal and child covariates, revealed that the proportion of children with GMD delay (relative to their peers) increased significantly from 9 to 54 months for all three groups, but the increase was greater for those with autism concerns (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.08-1.52) or an autism diagnosis (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10-1.43) compared to the no autism group (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.10). Differences in the changes in GMD performance among children with an autism diagnosis compared to those without autism occurred between 9 and 24 months (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.13-4.13). No significant GMD delay differences were found at any time between children with an autism diagnosis versus those with autism concerns. Children with a GMD delay should be screened for autism at 24 m. Early identification is the first step toward knowledge-based, effective intervention of developmental difficulties., (© 2025 The Author(s). Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Technological advances have led to a proportional increase in the deposition of contaminants across various environmental compartments, including water sources. Heavy metals, also known as potentially toxic metals, are of particular concern due to their significant harmful impacts on environmental and human health. Among the available methods for mitigating the threat of these metals in water, solar radiation-based technologies stand out for their cleanliness, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency in removing or reducing the toxicity of heavy metals. The performance and productivity of these methods in removing heavy metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and uranium (U) from water still need to be comprehensively synthesized. Thus, this work aims to address that gap. The performance, potential, and challenges of real-world applications of conventional solar stills (CSS), membrane-based solar stills, and solar heterogeneous photocatalysis are concisely summarized and critically reviewed. CSS and membrane-based stills are highly effective (efficacy > 98%) in removing and capturing heavy metals from water. However, structural and functional improvements are needed to enhance productivity (especially for CSS) and usability in real-world environmental remediation and drinking water supply scenarios. Solar heterogeneous photocatalysis is highly effective in removing and/or converting As, Cr, Hg, and U into their non-toxic or less toxic forms, which subsequent processes can easily remove. Further research is necessary to evaluate the safety of photocatalytic materials, their integration into scalable solar reactors, and their usability in real-world environmental remediation applications., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Authors consent to publish this work in the journal Environmental Science and Pollution Research by Springer publisher. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Phosphorus (P) loss from soils can contribute significantly toward P enrichment in water bodies, impairing water quality. Application of soil amendments is a viable strategy to decrease soluble P in surface soils. Since soluble P is reduced through different mechanisms that are amendment-specific, blended amendments could be a better approach than single amendment applications; however, very little information is available on blended amendment effects in reducing P loss from soils. We compared the effectiveness of gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O), Epsom salt (MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O), and alum [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O] applied singly or blended in different ratios in reducing water-extractable P (WEP) and Mehlich-3 P of two soils (0- to 15-cm depth) with contrasting P status (Mehlich-3 P of 7.1 mg kg -1 and 202 mg kg -1 ) from the Red River Valley region in MB, Canada. Ten treatments used for the laboratory incubation study were unamended control, gypsum or Epsom salt at 2.5 or 5 Mg ha -1 , alum at 2.5 Mg ha -1 , and four blended treatments of gypsum: alum or Epsom salt: alum at 1:1 or 2:1. Treated soils were saturated and incubated for 2 weeks and analyzed for WEP (an indicator of risk of P loss) and Mehlich-3 P (plant-available P) concentrations. All amendments significantly reduced the WEP concentrations compared to control in both soils. The blended amendments, particularly gypsum-alum blends, performed better than unblended amendments in reducing the potential risk of P loss. Mehlich-3 P concentration was not influenced by amended treatments, suggesting no significant decrease in plant-available P with amendments in both soils., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Environmental Quality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.)

Background: As increased attention is placed on optimizing long-term outcomes of trauma patients by addressing mental health, little is known regarding the interplay of pre- and postinjury mental health on long-term financial and functional outcomes., Methods: Patients from 19 Level 1 and 2 trauma centers took part in serial surveys 1 to 24 months postdischarge. Preinjury mental health diagnoses were identified using trauma registry data and postinjury mental health symptoms from survey data. Outcomes included (1) health-related quality of life from the EuroQol-5D-5L and (2) elements of financial toxicity (e.g. medical debt, job/income loss, nonmedical bills, unaffordable care). Multivariable models were created, adjusting for patient, injury, and treatment factors, to evaluate the association of preinjury mental health diagnoses and postinjury mental health symptoms on health-related quality of life and financial toxicity., Results: A total of 1,017 patients completed 1,297 surveys from July 2021 to December 2023, at a median of 6 months postinjury. Forty-six percent were female, the median age was 67.5 years, and 89% had blunt injuries. Thirty-two percent of patients had a preinjury mental health diagnosis, and 49% had self-reported mental health symptoms postdischarge. Patients with preinjury mental health diagnoses had higher odds of postinjury mental health symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6 [2.6-4.9]; p < 0.001); however, 55% of those with postinjury symptoms had no preinjury diagnosis. Postinjury symptoms alone were associated with worse health-related quality of life or financial toxicity. Notably, patients with new postinjury mental health symptoms (no preinjury mental health diagnosis) had the highest rate of foregone postinjury care because of costs (26% vs. 14%, p < 0.01)., Conclusion: More than one-in-two patients had peri-injury mental health conditions, and patients with postinjury mental health symptoms experienced worse financial and functional outcomes. Addressing postinjury mental health may potentially improve long-term health-related quality of life of trauma survivors; however, efforts are needed to ensure that patients can afford the care needed for optimal health., Level of Evidence: Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV., (Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the host immune system causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although significant advancements have been made on investigating HIV and related infections, eradicating the virus from the host immune system is still challenging. Nevertheless, the combination therapies using drugs targeting different stages in the viral life cycle are used for treatment in which HIV protease plays a vital role. Hence, it is essential to understand the structure and function of HIV protease. This review focuses on these aspects from different perspectives such as catalytic mechanism, subtypes and role of flaps in drug binding. Further, we highlight the factors affecting drug binding, evolution of drug resistance, and inhibitors reported in the literature using 3D QSAR studies., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Functions associated with processing reward-related information are fundamental drivers of motivation, learning, and goal-directed behavior. Such functions have been classified as the positive valence system under the Research Domain and Criteria (RDoC) criteria and are negatively impacted across a range of psychiatric disorders and mental illnesses. The positive valence system is composed of three comprehensive categories containing related but dissociable functions that are organized into either Reward Responsiveness, Reward Learning, or Reward Valuation. The presence of overlapping behavioral dysfunction across diagnostic mental disorders is in-part what motivated the RDoC initiative, which emphasized that the study of mental illness focus on investigating relevant behavior and cognitive functions and their underlying mechanisms, rather than separating efforts on diagnostic categories (i.e., transdiagnostic). Moreover, the RDoC approach is well-suited for preclinical neuroscience research, as the rise in genetic toolboxes and associated neurotechnologies enables researchers to probe specific cellular targets with high specificity. Thus, there is an opportunity to dissect whether behaviors and cognitive functions are supported by shared or distinct neural mechanisms. For preclinical research to effectively inform our understandings of human behavior however, the cognitive and behavioral paradigms should have predictive, neurobiological, and pharmacological predictive validity to the human test. Touchscreen-based testing systems provide a further advantage for this endeavor enabling tasks to be presented to animals using the same media and task design as in humans. Here, we outline the primary categories of the positive valence system and review the work that has been done cross-species to investigate the neurobiology and neurochemistry underlying reward-related functioning. Additionally, we provide clinical tasks outlined by RDoC, along with validity and/or need for further validation for analogous rodent paradigms with a focus on implementing the touchscreen-based cognitive testing systems., (© 2024 International Society for Neurochemistry.)

The association between fetal sex and maternal insulin resistance and β-cell functions during pregnancy has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study thus aimed to investigate this association among non-diabetic pregnant women. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted between February to October, 2022. Pregnant women between the 24 and 28th week of gestation were enrolled in the present study; glucose tolerance tests were performed and indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function were examined. The results revealed that out of the 113 pregnant women included in the study, 55 gave birth to boys and 58 delivered girls. The mean (standard deviation) for age and body mass index in all the participants were 27.6 (5.6) years, and 27.1 (5.6) kg/m2, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean (standard deviation) for age [28.1 (5.4) vs. 27.1 (5.7) years; P=0.318] and body mass index [26.8 (4.9) vs. 27.3 (6.2) kg/m2; P=0.638] of mothers who gave birth to boys and those who delivered girls, respectively. The median (interquartile range) of fasting insulin levels [7.31 (3.49-14.6 vs. 7.31 (3.73-14.6) µU/ml; P=0.858] and indices of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [19.78 (11.73-38.7) vs. 21.7 (10.0-42.1), P=0.692] and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function [2.1 (1.09-4.03) vs. 2.1 (1.06-4.39), P=0.993] were comparable between the mothers bearing boys and those bearing girls. No significant difference was observed in the mean (standard deviation) of fasting glucose levels between the two groups [71.0 (13.1) vs. 68.2 (9.9) mg/dl; P=0.207]. On the whole, the present study found that fetal sex was not associated with maternal insulin resistance. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]