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Purpose: Prior investigations concerning misalignment resulting from journal deformation typically relied on predefined misaligned angles. Nevertheless, scant attention has been devoted to the determination of these misaligned angles. Furthermore, existing studies commonly treat the journal as rigid under such circumstances. Therefore, the present study aims to introduce a framework for determining misaligned angles and to compare outcomes between rigid and flexible journal configurations. Design/methodology/approach: The bearing forces are considered as an external load leading to journal deformation. This deformation is calculated using the finite element method. The pressure distribution producing the bearing force is solved using the finite difference method. The mesh grids in the finite element and finite difference methods are matched for coupling calculation. By iteration, the pressure distribution of the lubricant film at the equilibrium position is determined. Findings: Results show that the deformation-induced misalignment has a significant influence on the performance of the bearing when the journal flexibility is taken into account. The parametric study reveals that the misalignment relies on system parameters such as bearing length-diameter ratio and static load. Originality/value: The investigation of this work provides a quantification method of misalignment of hydrodynamic bearings considering the elastic deformation of the journal, which assists in the design of bearing in a rotor-bearing system. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0337/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for large magnetocaloric material is the key of applicable magnetic refrigeration. We have systematically investigated the crystal structure, first-order magnetostructural transition, magnetic properties, magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and exchange bias (EB) effect for the Ni45−xBixMn44Sn11 (x = 0, 1, 3 and 5) alloys. The result of X-ray diffraction measured indicates that all compounds have L21 cubic structure at room temperature. The martensitic transformation (MT) temperature decreases with the increase in the Bi concentration and magnetic field. A large positive magnetic entropy change ( Δ S M ) and refrigerant capacity (RC) of all samples were found across MT. The maximum Δ S M and effective RC are 44.21 J kg−1 K−1 and 125.46 J kg−1 under the magnetic field of 5 T across MT for x = 3, respectively. All the samples exhibit EB effect below the blocking temperature of 60 K, indicating the existence of the magnetic coupled at antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interfaces. Under the field-cooled condition of 2 kOe, the maximum EB field (HE) is 793 Oe at 2 K for x = 3. Our findings demonstrate Ni–Bi–Mn–Sn alloys as one of the promising candidates of MCE material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cavitation effect is an important geochemical phenomenon, which generally exists under strong hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, developing an economical and effective sonocatalyst becomes a vital method in capitalizing on the cavitation effect for energy generation. In this study, we first report a novel Fe3O4 sonocatalyst that can be easily separated using a magnetic field and does not require any additional cocatalysts for H2 production from H2O. When subjected to ultrasonic vibration, this catalyst achieves an impressive H2 production rate of up to 175 μmol/h/USD (where USD stands for dollars), surpassing most previously reported mechanical catalytic materials. Furthermore, the ease and efficiency of separating this catalyst using an external magnetic field, coupled with its effortless recovery, highlight its significant potential for practical applications. By addressing the key limitations of conventional sonocatalysts, our study not only demonstrates the feasibility of using Fe3O4 as a highly efficient sonocatalyst but also showcases the exciting possibility of using a new class of magnetically separable sonocatalysts to productively transform mechanical energy into chemical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation of water waves can be manipulated via artificial structures. However, such structures usually need to possess a large volume ratio in water, and it may not be easy to build and move them in practical ocean engineering. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a fixed, shallow-draft cylinder array that can refract and focus water waves within a wide range of wavelengths. When impinging upon the cylinder array from a region of water without structures, water waves can be slightly reflected at the surface of the array and speeded up in the array. As a result, favorable focusing performances such as a short focal length and high intensity at the focal point are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish a mouse model of breast cancer lung metastasis with miR-155 knockout (miR155-/-) mice, and to compare the difference of peripheral blood immune cell typing between miR155-/- mice and C57BL/6J wide-type (WT) mice. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the expression level of miR-155 in breast cancer tissues and peripheral serum, and its relationship with prognosis. Mouse model of lung metastasis of breast cancer was established by tail vein injection; peripheral blood was collected for flow cytometry, and the immune cell typing was analyzed; the lung tissues were collected for immunohisto-chemical detection to observe the tumor metastasis. Results: Percentage of T lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood of miR155-/- mice was significantly decreased compared with WT mice (P<0.05), percentage of myeloid inhibitory cells (MDSCs) was increased significantly (P<0.05), in which the proportion of monocyte subsets (M-MDSC) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the proportion of granulocyte subsets (G-MDSC) was significantly increased (P<0.05). In lung metastasis model of breast cancer, percentage of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of miR155-/- mice was significantly higher compared with WT mice, while percentage of NK cells was decreased significantly (P<0.05), percentage of neutrophil was significantly decreased (P<0.001), proportion of Th cells in T lymphocytes was significantly decreased (P<0.05), proportion of M-MDSCs was significantly decreased (P< 0.01), while proportion of G-MDSCs was significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Deletion of miR-155 gene leads to significant differences in peripheral immune cell typing, making mice more susceptible to lung metastasis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal manures positively affect soil microbial activity and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) accumulation. However, how different types of manures affect microbial-driven Pi transformation at the aggregate scale is largely unclear. Here, we conducted a field experiment focused on maize cultivation in a reclamation site. Five fertilization treatments included no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), chicken manure (CHM), pig manure (PM), and cow manure (CM). We examined microbial biomass, soil extracellular enzyme activities associated with carbon and phosphorus cycling, and Pi fractions (Labile-P, Moderately labile-P, and Stable-P) in three aggregate sizes (> 2 mm large macro-aggregates, 0.25–2 mm small macro-aggregates, and < 0.25 mm micro-aggregates), as well as grain yield. The results showed that manures addition significantly increased the proportion of large macro-aggregates and aggregate stability compared to chemical fertilizer. Stable-P constituted the largest proportion among the Pi fractions, accounting for 63 %–72 %. However, manures reduced Stable-P (5.4 %–10.7 %) and increased Labile-P (111 %–190 %) in Pi, especially in micro-aggregates. Both chemical fertilizer and manures increased microbial biomass and enzyme activities in aggregates, with manures causing a greater enhancement of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and C-cycling enzymes, especially under pig manure, and improving soil microbial biomass phosphorus (SMBP) and P-cycling enzymes, especially under chicken manure. Phytase, phosphatase and SMBP accounted for 81.4 %, 81.2 % and 87 % of the differences in large macro-aggregates, small macro-aggregates, and micro-aggregates, respectively. The structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that manures facilitated the transformation of Stable-P to Labile-P by regulating aggregates and microbial activity, which consequently increased yield. In summary, manures addition, particularly chicken manure, can enhance inorganic phosphate (Pi) accumulation and transformation, thereby mitigating phosphorus (P) limitation in calcareous reclamation soils. • Manures (especially chicken manure) promoted Pi accumulation and transformation. • Phytase, phosphatase, and soil microbial biomass phosphorus were the main factors causing the differences in Pi. • Manures promote Stable-P to Labile-P via interactions with aggregates and microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A numerical model considering both the misalignment and inclination is originally proposed to evaluate the static stability of NFAL systems. • The excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results attests to the reliability and accuracy of the numerical approach. • This study underscores the critical trade-off between the stability of NFAL systems and operational safety. • The numerical results provide a guidance about the running ranges of the radiator vibration amplitude and the reflector weight. The near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) technique is attracting increasing attention because of its compact design and environmental friendliness. An intriguing aspect of NFAL is the restoring performance when the levitated object is misaligned with the radiator. While numerous studies have proposed models to predict this performance, they typically consider only the misalignment of the levitated object and disregard its inclination. Consequently, this paper presents a numerical model that accounts for both misalignment and inclination to investigate the stability of NFAL systems. First, the Reynolds equation, which describes the variation in pressure distribution, is introduced. Due to the misalignment, a hypothetical reflector with a groove is applied to conveniently express the film thickness. The Reynolds equation is then solved using the eight-point discrete method in conjunction with the boundary equations, and spline interpolation is used to determine the inclination angle. This approach yields the relationship between the restoring force and the eccentricity, which is validated experimentally. Furthermore, parametric studies reveal that increasing the radiator vibration amplitude or the reflector weight enhances the stability. It is also observed that air provides higher stability compared to hydrogen, and a flexible radiator exhibits higher stability compared to a rigid radiator. With decreasing film thickness (e.g., by reducing the vibration amplitude or increasing the weight of the reflector), the stability in the inclination direction is improved at the cost of increased probability of levitation failure. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The unit-cell volume expands by 4% during martensitic transformation, which implies a large lattice distortion. • The substitution of Bi for Co atoms in MnCoGe alloy can result in magnetostructural transition.. • Considerable magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity were obtained.. • The illustrating structural and magnetic phase diagram of MnCo 1- x Bi x Ge was established. In this work, the substitution of Bi for Co atoms in MnCo 1- x Bi x Ge (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) alloys was prepared. The crystal structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect have been analyzed. By tuning the Bi-content in MnCoGe alloys, the reduction of martensitic transformation (MT) temperature and the presence of a first-order magnetostructural transition (MST) were observed. Magnetic field-induced MT indicates that the magnetic field is much harder to drive MT compared to the temperature. With the Bi-content for 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.06, orthorhombic-type phase and hexagonal-type phase coexist. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the fraction of the hexagonal-type phase and a corresponding decrease in the fraction of the orthorhombic-type phase. It is beneficial to the refrigeration capacity for the isothermal magnetization curves M(H) on magnetization and demagnetization procedures with small magnetic hysteresis loss. With a magnetic field of 5 T, magnetocaloric effect (MCE) can be observed involving magnetic entropy change (- Δ S M) of 26.42 J kg−1 K−1 for x = 0.06 and refrigeration capacity (RC) of 259.78 J kg−1 for x = 0.01. Thus, this material is considered a fabulous candidate for magnetic refrigeration cooling applications at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg conbercept in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia (pmCNV). Methods: The 177 pmCNV patients were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive conbercept or sham injection, respectively. The conbercept group receive conbercept intravitreal injections administered on a pro re nata (PRN) basis after 3 monthly loading doses. The sham group received three consecutive monthly sham injections and then one conbercept injection followed by PRN conbercept intravitreal injections. Results: At month 3, the mean BCVA for the two groups were improved by 12.0 letters (conbercept group, from 54.05 letters to 66.05 letters) and 0.6 letters (sham group, from 49.77 letters to 50.33 letters), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) at month 3 in the two groups decreased 62.0 μm (conbercept group, from 348.90 μm to 286.18 μm) and 4.4 μm (sham group, from 347.86 μm to 343.47 μm) (p < 0.001). At month 9, the mean BCVA improved by 13.3 letters in the conbercept group and 11.3 letters in the sham group. The mean CRT decreased 73.6 μm in the conbercept group and 55.9 μm in the sham group (p < 0.001). The most common ocular adverse events were associated with intravitreal injections, such as conjunctival haemorrhage and increased intraocular pressure. Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg conbercept provided improvement in visual and anatomical outcomes in pmCNV patients with low rates of ocular and nonocular safety events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the 2-year efficacy, durability, and safety of dual angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A pathway inhibition with intravitreal faricimab according to a personalized treat-and-extend (T&E)-based regimen with up to every-16-week dosing in the YOSEMITE and RHINE (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT03622580 and NCT03622593, respectively) phase 3 trials of diabetic macular edema (DME). Randomized, double-masked, noninferiority phase 3 trials. Adults with visual acuity loss (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] of 25–73 letters) due to center-involving DME. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to faricimab 6.0 mg every 8 weeks, faricimab 6.0 mg T&E (previously referred to as personalized treatment interval), or aflibercept 2.0 mg every 8 weeks. The T&E up to every-16-week dosing regimen was based on central subfield thickness (CST) and BCVA change. Included changes from baseline in BCVA and CST, number of injections, durability, absence of fluid, and safety through week 100. In YOSEMITE and RHINE (n = 940 and 951, respectively), noninferior year 1 visual acuity gains were maintained through year 2; mean BCVA change from baseline at 2 years (weeks 92, 96, and 100 average) with faricimab every 8 weeks (YOSEMITE and RHINE, +10.7 letters and +10.9 letters, respectively) or T&E (+10.7 letters and +10.1 letters, respectively) were comparable with aflibercept every 8 weeks (+11.4 letters and +9.4 letters, respectively). The median number of study drug injections was lower with faricimab T&E (YOSEMITE and RHINE, 10 and 11 injections, respectively) versus faricimab every 8 weeks (15 injections) and aflibercept every 8 weeks (14 injections) across both trials during the entire study. In the faricimab T&E arms, durability was improved further during year 2, with > 60% of patients receiving every-16-week dosing and approximately 80% receiving every-12-week or longer dosing at week 96. Almost 80% of patients who achieved every-16-week dosing at week 52 maintained every-16-week dosing without an interval reduction through week 96. Mean CST reductions were greater (YOSEMITE/RHINE weeks 92/96/100 average: faricimab every 8 weeks –216.0/–202.6 µm, faricimab T&E –204.5/–197.1 µm, aflibercept every 8 weeks –196.3/–185.6 µm), and more patients achieved absence of DME (CST < 325 μm; YOSEMITE/RHINE weeks 92–100: faricimab every 8 weeks 87%–92%/88%–93%, faricimab T&E 78%–86%/85%–88%, aflibercept every 8 weeks 77%–81%/80%–84%) and absence of intraretinal fluid (YOSEMITE/RHINE weeks 92–100: faricimab every 8 weeks 59%–63%/56%–62%, faricimab T&E 43%–48%/45%–52%, aflibercept every 8 weeks 33%–38%/39%–45%) with faricimab every 8 weeks or T&E versus aflibercept every 8 weeks through year 2. Overall, faricimab was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable with that of aflibercept. Clinically meaningful visual acuity gains from baseline, anatomic improvements, and extended durability with intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks were maintained through year 2. Faricimab given as a personalized T&E-based dosing regimen supports the role of dual angiopoietin-2 and VEGF-A inhibition to promote vascular stability and to provide durable efficacy for patients with DME. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐noble Ni−Cu alloys serve as an alternative catalytic material for noble metal‐based catalysts that could be applied in the efficient conversion of levulinic acid (LA) into the high value γ‐valerolactone (GVL). However, maintaining the catalytic stability for Ni−Cu nanoparticles in the LA hydrogenation process remains a substantial challenge, Herein, this problem is solved by constructing carbon‐protected catalytic sites within carbon layer‐coated Ni−Cu nanoalloy composite via pyrolysis of NiCux(OH)/glucose precursor. The optimized NiCu0.68@C catalyst exhibits excellent stability and selectivity to GVL (>99 %) in the hydrogenation of LA reaction. Various characterization indicates that the enhancement in stability originates from the protective effect of the carbon layer, which prevents the metal leaching, oxidation and aggregation of Ni−Cu nanoparticles during the reaction process. This work greatly advances non‐noble metal‐catalyzed conversion of LA to GVL and helps the rational design of bimetallic catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We will perform the systematic review to evaluate the effect of applying concentrated growth factor (CGF) on relieving postoperative complications and promoting wound healing following mandibular third molar extraction. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), and VIP Databases will be comprehensively searched up to May 31, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the application of CGF after mandibular third molar extraction will be included. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, and the registration ID was CRD42023463234. Two reviewers will conduct the literature search, eligible study selection, data extraction, and bias risk assessment (using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool). Data analysis will be performed with RevMan software (version 5.4). Results: The results of this study will be available in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: Our study will provide scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of applying CGF in mandibular third molar extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing global burden of cancer, especially among people aged 60 years and over, has become a key public health issue. This trend suggests the need for a deeper understanding of the various cancer types in order to develop universally effective treatments. A prospective area of research involves elucidating the interplay between the senescent microenvironment and tumor genesis. Currently, most oncology research focuses on adulthood and tends to ignore the potential role of senescent individuals on tumor progression. Senescent cells produce a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that has a dual role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). While SASP components can remodel the TME and thus hinder tumor cell proliferation, they can also promote tumorigenesis and progression via pro‐inflammatory and pro‐proliferative mechanisms. To address this gap, our review seeks to investigate the influence of senescent microenvironment changes on tumor development and their potential implications for cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to establish a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model in rats to simulate the pathological process of stroke patients with no reperfusion. And screen highly sensitive items that could be used to detect long-term behavioral abilities in rat of intraluminal suture models. Method: Established the pMCAO model then tested the rats for the bilateral asymmetry, modified neurological severity score, grid-walking, cylinder, rotating, and water maze test from week 1 to week 16. Results: The infarct volume of the model rats was stable (26.72% ±1.86%). The sensorimotor test of bilateral asymmetry, grid-walking, cylinder, and mNSS test showed significant differences from week 1 to week 16 after injury. The water maze test at week 16 showed significant differences in spatial exploration and learning ability between the two groups. We confirmed that there was no significant difference between MRI and TTC staining in detecting the degree of brain injury, which facilitated the diversity of subsequent detection methods. We also confirmed that at multiple time points, grid, cylinder and water maze test were significantly positively correlated with rat brain infarct volume. Conclusion: They are suitable for the long-term observation of behaviors in the sequela stage of stroke in rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the low electron–hole separation efficiency of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) prevents their catalytic performance from reaching satisfactory results. For this reason, the creation of heterojunctions is considered an effective strategy but usually suffers from dimensional mismatch of the integrated material, even at the expense of its redox capacity. To overcome these difficulties, a novel 2D/2D S‐scheme heterojunction between H2N–Cu–MOF (NCM) and TpPa–1–COF (TP1C) is successfully constructed for efficient photocatalytic H2 production. The matching dimensions of two crystalline porous materials enables the integrated materials with abundant surface reactive sites, strong interaction and optimized electronic structure. Moreover, the combination of two crystalline porous materials can also form a S–scheme heterojunction, which can not only promote the separation of electron–hole pair, but also preserve the redox ability, thus remarkably boosting the catalytic competence. Consequently, the rate of optimal 20% NCM/TP1C in photocatalytic H2 production reaches 4.19 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 46.5 times higher than that of bare NCM, and 22.1 folds over that of pure TP1C. This research offers an innovative perspective for the formation of S–scheme heterojunctions based on porous crystal materials for efficient solar energy utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent advancements in cancer treatment, this disease still poses a serious threat to public health. Vaccines play an important role in preventing illness by preparing the body's adaptive and innate immune responses to combat diseases. As our understanding of malignancies and their connection to the immune system improves, there has been a growing interest in priming the immune system to fight malignancies more effectively and comprehensively. One promising approach involves utilizing nanoparticle systems for antigen delivery, which has been shown to potentiate immune responses as vaccines and/or adjuvants. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the immunological mechanisms of cancer vaccines while focusing specifically on the recent applications of various types of nanoparticles in the field of cancer immunotherapy. By exploring these recent breakthroughs, we hope to identify significant challenges and obstacles in making nanoparticle-based vaccines and adjuvants feasible for clinical application. This review serves to assess recent breakthroughs in nanoparticle-based cancer vaccinations and shed light on their prospects and potential barriers. By doing so, we aim to inspire future immunotherapies for cancer that harness the potential of nanotechnology to deliver more effective and targeted treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notorious issues of lithium (Li) dendrite growth and volume change hinder the practical applications of Li metal anodes. LiF as a key component of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) governs Li+ transport and deposition, yet the formation of LiF consumes the anions (PF6−/TFSI−) in the electrolyte, preventing the stable cycling of Li anodes. Herein, fluorine (F)-doped hollow carbon (FHC) was synthesized and used to construct a composite current collector with FHC as an F-rich buffer layer for modifying the Cu foil. The F content provided by FHC not only mitigates the anion (PF6−/TFSI−) consumption but also enhances the stability of SEI. The hollow structure of FHC with abundant internal space can accommodate deposited Li to relieve the volume change during cycling. Besides, the significantly improved specific surface area of the electrode effectively reduces the local current density to achieve a homogeneous Li deposition. Due to the above cooperation, the symmetrical cell of Cu@FHC-Li‖‖Cu@FHC-Li maintains stable cycling for more than 1800 h with a hysteresis voltage of 19 mV. In addition, full cell coupling with LiFePO4 cathode delivers excellent long-term cycling and rate performance. This work provides an effective route for developing stable Li metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health risk in contemporary society. Current CKD treatments primarily involve renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, albeit associated with hyperkalemia risks. A novel selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, finerenone, offers a promising, safer alternative for CKD therapy. Summary: This review comprehensively assesses the role and efficacy of finerenone in CKD treatment by analyzing clinical and animal studies. Emerging evidence consistently supports finerenone's ability to effectively slow the progression of CKD. By targeting the mineralocorticoid receptor, finerenone not only mitigates renal damage but also exhibits a favorable safety profile, minimizing hyperkalemia concerns. Conclusion: Finerenone emerges as a valuable addition to CKD therapy, demonstrating potential benefits in delaying CKD progression while minimizing side effects. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of its safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mammary carcinoma, a pervasive and potentially lethal affliction, is conjectured to be profoundly influenced by physical exercise, both in prophylaxis and therapeutic contexts. This study endeavors to explore the repercussions of exercise training on the progression of mammary carcinoma, particularly the mechanisms by which the amalgamation of an exercise regimen and doxorubicin induces tumor cell apoptosis. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were categorized into four distinct groups: A sedentary group (SED), an exercise group (Ex), a doxorubicin group (Dox, 5 mg/kg), and a combined treatment group (Dox + Ex). The exercise training lasted for 21 days and included aerobic rotarod exercise and resistance training. The impact of exercise training on tumor growth, immune cell proportions, inflammatory factor levels, and cell apoptosis pathway was assessed. Results: Exercise training significantly curtailed tumor growth in a mouse model of breast cancer. Both the Ex and Dox groups exhibited significant reductions in tumor volume and weight (p < 0.01) in comparison to the SED group, while the Dox + Ex group had a significantly lower tumor volume and weight than the Dox group (p < 0.01). Exercise training also significantly increased the proportion of NK and T cells in various parts of the body and tumor tissue, while decreasing tumor blood vessels density. Exercise training also increased IL‐6 and IL‐15 levels in the blood and altered the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins in tumor tissue, with the combined treatment group showing even more significant changes. Conclusions: Physical training improves the effectiveness of doxorubicin in treating breast cancer by activating cytotoxic immune cells, releasing tumor suppressor factors, and initiating mt‐apoptosis, all while mitigating the adverse effects of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsTo assess the quantity and quality of global research on uveitis, visualize the research hotspots, and reveal the study trends in uveitis.This bibliometric analysis was performed with the data obtained from the Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) database and Scopus. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to analyze and visualize study trends and hotspots. Citespace was used to conduct the cooperation and co-citation network analysis.A total of 5837 and 7195 documents were exported for further analysis in WoSCC and Scopus, respectively. The USA has published the most articles related to uveitis (1627, 27.87%, WoS; 1979, 27.51%, Scopus) and accounted for the most frequency of total citations (42345 times total citations 35 900 times without self-citations in WoSCC database). Most of the papers focusing on uveitis were published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation (761, 13.04% within WoS; 793, 11.02% within Scopus). Additionally, novel biotherapy is the hotspot of uveitis research which also may be a sustained research interest in the future.An increasing trend of publications was found in uveitis research. The USA was the leading contributor in this field, and it was the center of cooperation network. Our study provided an overview of uveitis research, which may serve as a valuable reference and guide for stakeholders interested in uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic olefin metathesis represents a vital reaction in the chemical industry, as it provides a feasible route for the interconversion of olefins. However, traditional supported catalysts usually suffer from low activity due to sluggish kinetics for the formation of catalytically active metal‐carbene species. This work tackles this issue by taking phosphoric acid as a promoter and constructing a Brønsted acidic site to cooperate with the MoOx sites, thus facilitating the formation of Mo‐carbene. It turns out that the turnover frequency of propene metathesis over the Mo−P/Al2O3 catalyst is 7.1 times higher than that over the unmodified Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. The combined characterization reveals the promotion of phosphorus results from the alignment of olefin toward adjacent MoOx and thus facilitates formation of active Mo‐carbene species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to propose an effective dynamic calibration and compensation method to solve the problem that the statically calibrated force sensor would produce large dynamic errors when measuring dynamic signals. Design/methodology/approach: The dynamic characteristics of the force sensor are analyzed by modal analysis and negative step dynamic force calibration test, and the dynamic mathematical model of the force sensor is identified based on a generalized least squares method with a special whitening filter. Then, a compensation unit is constructed to compensate the dynamic characteristics of the force measurement system, and the compensation effect is verified based on the step and knock excitation signals. Findings: The dynamic characteristics of the force sensor obtained by modal analysis and dynamic calibration test are consistent, and the time and frequency domain characteristics of the identified dynamic mathematical model agree well with the actual measurement results. After dynamic compensation, the dynamic characteristics of the force sensor in the frequency domain are obviously improved, and the effective operating frequency band is widened from 500 Hz to 1,560 Hz. In addition, in the time domain, the rise time of the step response signal is reduced from 0.29 ms to 0.17 ms, and the overshoot decreases from 26.6% to 9.8%. Originality/value: An effective dynamic calibration and compensation method is proposed in this paper, which can be used to improve the dynamic performance of the strain-gauge-type force sensor and reduce the dynamic measurement error of the force measurement system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A piezoelectric micropump (PE pump) was proposed featuring a multi-plate cantilever valve (MPCV) and a ramp channel (RC) to deliver high performance in a compact design. Both the MPCV and RC underwent thorough theoretical, simulation-based, and experimental evaluations. A specialized driver plate was then developed to precisely control the PE pump. Key parameters of the PE pump were optimized based on test results. The final phase involved assessing the PE pump's output performance through tests, including a simulated insulin infusion scenario. The findings revealed that the MPCV exhibited a pronounced rectification capability, significantly enhancing the pump's operational efficiency over traditional designs. The RC, on the other hand, effectively minimized fluid resistance, capitalizing on the fluid inertia effect for improved performance. Integrating the MPCV and RC aligned the fluid path from inlet to outlet closely parallel to the PE vibrator. This alignment reduced backflow, thereby improving the micropump's output efficiency. Operating at 240 voltage peak-to-peak (Vpp) and 230 Hz, the PE pump demonstrated a flow rate of 6.8 ml/min and an output pressure of 68.6 kPa while maintaining a compact size of merely 10 × 10 × 1.5 mm3. The precision in flow rate adjustment was refined to 0.15 μl, with the deviation in insulin delivery being approximately ± 3 %. The study presents a prototype for a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion protocol, leveraging the PE pump's advanced features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a pioneering approach that employs the piezoelectric micropump to drive a pulsed discontinuous flow mode, enabling efficient fluid mixing by adjusting the driving voltage and operating frequency of the micropump. The micro-mixing chip is easy to operate, compact in size, and cost-effective. Its modular design allows for the replacement of the piezoelectric micropump. This provides a new feasible solution for fluid micro-mixing in various fields. [Display omitted] • Micro-mixing chip. • Piezoelectric micropump. • Vibrational excitation, pulsation, convection, and free diffusion. • Pulse discontinuous flow. • Modular design for reuse. Efficient mixing and precise control of fluid micro-mixing technology are indispensable across industries. Despite significant advancements, micro-mixing based on the pulsed discontinuous flow (PDF) mechanism requires further scrutiny. Hence, a PDF micro-mixing chip was developed with piezoelectric micropumps as the driving source. The chip featured a piezoelectric micropump with a unique four-leaf valve structure, dedicated control power supply and a V-shaped obstruction channel. Simulations and experiments demonstrated the feasibility of micro-mixing using the piezoelectric-driven PDF mechanism. The key factors affecting the mixing efficiency were investigated. The fluid in the chip channel was exposed to vibrational excitation, pulsation, convection, and free diffusion. The mixing index of the micro-mixing chip in the output port exceeded 95%, which realized efficient mixing. Controllable mixing was achieved on the chip by modifying the operating frequency and driving voltage of the piezoelectric micropump. This study provides a new feasible solution for fluid micro-mixing in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used environmental estrogen found in a variety of products, including food packaging, canned goods, baby bottle soothers, reusable cups, medical devices, tableware, dental sealants, and other consumer goods. This substance has been found to have detrimental effects on both the environment and human health, particularly on the reproductive, immune, embryonic development, nervous, endocrine, and respiratory systems. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of BPA on the neuroendocrine system, with a primary focus on its impact on the brain, neurons, oligodendrocytes, neural stem cell proliferation, DNA damage, and behavioral development. Additionally, the review explores the clinical implications of BPA, specifically examining its role in the onset and progression of various diseases associated with the neuroendocrine metabolic system. By delving into the mechanistic analysis and clinical implications, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for studying the impacts of BPA exposure on organisms. [Display omitted] • Environmental toxicological significance of bisphenol A. • Neuroendocrine System Hazards of Bisphenol A. • Effects of BPA Exposure on Public Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a devastating pathology of numerous ocular diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), which causes irreversible vision loss. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has been widely used, poor response or no response still exists in some cases, suggesting that there are other components involved in the angiogenic process. Therefore, the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified and new target of anti-angiogenic therapy is urgently needed. It has been demonstrated that damaged retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells can activate inflammasome, driving a degenerative tissue environment and an enhanced pro-angiogenic response, which implies that RPE dysfunction may be a hallmark of the pathogenesis. Previously, we have shown that DNA damage can induce RPE dysfunction, triggering senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and local inflammation. In this study, we identify that chrysin can reduce DNA damage, especially telomere erosion in vitro , thus compromise the dysfunction of RPE and the decreased expression of SASP factor. Importantly, we find that DNA damage of RPE cells is remarkable in laser-induced CNV lesion, resulting in inflammatory response, which can be ameliorated by chrysin, mainly through IL-17 signaling pathway and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activities. In summary, our results indicate the interplay between DNA damage, perturbed RPE homeostasis, inflammatory response and angiogenesis in laser-induced CNV, and more importantly, chrysin may be an effective therapeutic supplement for CNV. • Our results indicate the interplay between DNA damage, perturbed RPE homeostasis, inflammation and angiogenesis in CNV. • Chrysin can ameliorate DNA damage and inflammatory response through IL-17 signalling pathway and STAT3 activities in CNV. • Chrysin can reduce DNA damage, thus alleviating RPE dysfunction and decreasing the expression of SASP factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases is essential for the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The FHL family consists of five members: FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, FHL4, and FHL5/Act. These members exhibit different expression patterns in various tissues including the heart. FHL family proteins are implicated in cardiac remodeling, regulation of metabolic enzymes, and cardiac biomechanical stress perception. A large number of studies have explored the link between FHL family proteins and cardiac disease, skeletal muscle disease, and ovarian metabolism, but a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms targeting FHL on cardiac disease is lacking. The aim of this review is to explore the structure and function of FHL family members, to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which they regulate the heart, and to explore in depth the changes in FHL family members observed in different cardiac disorders, as well as the effects of mutations in FHL proteins on heart health. • FHL and cardiac metabolism enzyme regulation. • Structure and function of FHL proteins. • FHL proteins and various heart diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is rare, and its clinicopathological characteristics are still unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of IPNB patients who underwent surgical treatment in the Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from September 2018 to June 2023 and reviewed the IPNB related literature on PubMed. A total of 12 patients with IPNB were enrolled, including 5 males and 7 females, with a median age of 64 years (range, 39–70 years). Abdominal pain (66.7%), jaundice (16.7%) and fever (16.7%) were the most common signs. 66.7% of the patients had a history of biliary stones. 75.0% of the patients had invasive carcinoma. Bile duct dilatation (83.3%), intraductal mass (58.3%) and bile duct wall thickening (25.0%) were the most common imaging findings. Surgical resection is the main treatment. The cumulative survival rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were 100%, 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The cumulative recurrence-free survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 90.9%, 68.2% and 51.1%, respectively. More up-to-date research focusing on IPNB is warranted to help us better understand the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]