Search

In recent years, the swift progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced trading practices, providing traders with advanced algorithms that improve decision-making and enhance trading strategies, leading to increased profits and reduced risks. The onset of the era of big data has further enriched this field, offering access to extensive financial data, such as historical stock prices, company financial statements, financial news articles, social media sentiments, and macroeconomic indicators—all publicly available. By identifying complex patterns and correlations within this vast data set, deep learning (DL) algorithms have proven their ability to predict stock prices and market trends more accurately than traditional methods. This comprehensive survey aims to provide an insightful examination of various deeplearning models employed in stock market forecasting. The primary objective is to categorize these models into two distinct types: Uni-modal and multimodal models. By exploring the nuances within each category, this literature survey provides a comprehensive understanding of these models’ strengths, applications, and contributions to the constantly evolving research landscape of stock market forecasting. Our survey adopts a systematic approach to categorize and analyze deep-learning models in stock market forecasting. Leveraging established databases and repositories, we will compile a comprehensive dataset comprising academic articles, conference papers, and other scholarly publications related to DL in finance. This dataset will span a defined period, allowing us to capture the temporal evolution of research trends in stock market prediction. The first phase involves extracting and compiling relevant literature from established databases, including but not limited to Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This dataset will serve as the foundation for exploring the evolving landscape of DL applications in stock market forecasting. Subsequently, advanced techniques and methodologies will be employed to analyze citation patterns, model co-occurrence, and the intellectual structure of research in this domain. Our research identifies influential authors, collaboration networks, and geographical distribution of research activities to uncover emerging clusters of research excellence. The findings of this survey contribute valuable insights to both academia and industry. By categorizing and examining the strengths of uni-modal and multi-modal deep-learning models, researchers can refine their methodologies, and practitioners can make informed decisions regarding adopting predictive models in financial markets. Furthermore, the survey aims to guide future research directions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of predictive models in the dynamic landscape of stock market forecasting. In conclusion, this survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of deeplearning models in stock market forecasting. By systematically categorizing and analyzing these models, our study aspires to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on integrating AI in financial practices, fostering a deeper understanding of the field’s evolution and future directions.

Introduction: In full-endoscopic spine surgery via trans-foraminal approach (FESS-TF), the outside-in method facilitates treatment for various cases; however, the technique is difficult to perform. To facilitate this procedure, we developed a duckbill release technique. In this paper, we aimed to introduce the details of this technique and investigate its effectiveness., Materials and Methods: Fifty patients who underwent FESS-TF for intervertebral disc herniation were divided into two groups: the conventional technique and the duckbill release technique groups. The time from the initiation of surgery to exposure of the bone outside the superior articular process was measured in both groups. The visual analog scale (VAS) score for leg pain and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before and after surgery were compared in terms of clinical outcomes., Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of patient background. The approach time was 252 ± 86 s in the conventional group, while it was 105 ± 26 s in the duckbill release group, which was significantly shorter (p < 0.001). In terms of clinical outcomes, the two groups did not significantly differ in all endpoints of the VAS score for leg pain or the JOA score., Conclusions: The duckbill release technique for the outside-in method in FESS-TF could be efficient because it is a simple and time-saving approach., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background Context: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is the most common spinal degenerative disorder in elderly people and usually first seen by primary care physicians or orthopedic surgeons who are not spine surgery specialists. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in the diagnosis of LSCS, but the equipment is often not available or difficult to read. LSCS patients with progressive neurologic deficits have difficulty with recovery if surgical treatment is delayed. So, early diagnosis and determination of appropriate surgical indications are crucial in the treatment of LSCS. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a type of deep learning, offers significant advantages for image recognition and classification, and work well with radiographs, which can be easily taken at any facility., Purpose: Our purpose was to develop an algorithm to diagnose the presence or absence of LSCS requiring surgery from plain radiographs using CNNs., Study Design: Retrospective analysis of consecutive, nonrandomized series of patients at a single institution., Patient Sample: Data of 150 patients who underwent surgery for LSCS, including degenerative spondylolisthesis, at a single institution from January 2022 to August 2022, were collected. Additionally, 25 patients who underwent surgery at 2 other hospitals were included for extra external validation., Outcome Measures: In annotation 1, the area under the curve (AUC) computed from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were calculated. In annotation 2, correlation coefficients were used., Methods: Four intervertebral levels from L1/2 to L4/5 were extracted as region of interest from lateral plain lumbar spine radiographs totaling 600 images were obtained. Based on the date of surgery, 500 images derived from the first 125 cases were used for internal validation, and 100 images from the subsequent 25 cases used for external validation. Additionally, 100 images from other hospitals were used for extra external validation. In annotation 1, binary classification of operative and nonoperative levels was used, and in annotation 2, the spinal canal area measured on axial MRI was labeled as the output layer. For internal validation, the 500 images were divided into each 5 dataset on per-patient basis and 5-fold cross-validation was performed. Five trained models were registered in the external validation prediction performance. Grad-CAM was used to visualize area with the high features extracted by CNNs., Results: In internal validation, the AUC and accuracy for annotation 1 ranged between 0.85-0.89 and 79-83%, respectively, and the correlation coefficients for annotation 2 ranged between 0.53 and 0.64 (all p<.01). In external validation, the AUC and accuracy for annotation 1 were 0.90 and 82%, respectively, and the correlation coefficient for annotation 2 was 0.69, using 5 trained CNN models. In the extra external validation, the AUC and accuracy for annotation 1 were 0.89 and 84%, respectively, and the correlation coefficient for annotation 2 was 0.56. Grad-CAM showed high feature density in the intervertebral joints and posterior intervertebral discs., Conclusions: This technology automatically detects LSCS from plain lumbar spine radiographs, making it possible for medical facilities without MRI or nonspecialists to diagnose LSCS, suggesting the possibility of eliminating delays in the diagnosis and treatment of LSCS that require early treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background : Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been reported to exhibit impaired postural stability. Posterior correction and fusion using four-dimensional (4D) anatomical spinal reconstruction techniques may improve postural stability to correct the spine for optimal anatomical alignment. This prospective study aimed to determine the effect of posterior correction and fusion using a 4D anatomical spinal reconstruction technique on postural stability in the eye-open and eye-closed standing position in patients with thoracic AIS. Methods : Thirty-three patients with AIS, excluding those with Lenke type 5C AIS, participated in the study. The mean and standard deviation of the minimum values of the time-to-boundary (TTB) were determined. All patients were asked to perform the quiet standing position under the eye-open and eye-closed condition on a force plate preoperatively and at 1 week and 2 years postoperatively. The TTB value was calculated from the velocity and distance to the foot boundary of the acquired center-of-pressure data. Results : Under the eye-closed condition, the mean and standard deviation of the minimum TTB were significantly higher at 2 years postoperatively than preoperatively and at 1 week postoperatively. The mean and standard deviation of the minimum TTB values were significantly lower at 1 week postoperatively than preoperatively. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that surgery using the 4D anatomical spinal reconstruction technique reduces postural stability immediately after surgery; however, it improves postural stability at 2 years compared to the preoperative values.

Introduction: Systemic osteogenesis has been speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Our purpose was to compare the radiologic prevalence and severity of heterotopic ossification in foot tendons of Japanese patients with OPLL and to determine their association with systemic heterotopic ossification., Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiographic data of 114 patients with OPLL were collected from 2020 to 2022. Control data were extracted from a medical database of 362 patients with ankle radiographs. Achilles and plantar tendon ossification were classified as grades 0-4, and the presence of osteophytes at five sites in the foot/ankle joint was assessed by radiography. Factors associated with the presence and severity of each ossification were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analysis., Results: The prevalence of Achilles and plantar tendon ossification (grade ≥ 2) was 4.0-5.5 times higher in patients with OPLL (40-56%) than in the controls (10-11%). The presence of Achilles tendon ossification was associated with OPLL, age, and coexisting plantar tendon ossification, and was most strongly associated with OPLL (standardized regression coefficient, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-2.38). The severity of Achilles and plantar tendon ossification was associated with the severity of ossification of the entire spinal ligament., Conclusions: The strong association of foot tendon ossification with OPLL suggests that patients with OPLL have a systemic osteogenesis background. These findings will provide a basis for exploring new treatment strategies for OPLL, including control of metabolic abnormalities., (© 2024. The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research.)

Background: Coronary spastic angina (CSA) in premenopausal women is not frequent but has also been suggested to be associated with oestrogen decline during the menstrual cycle and sometimes becomes refractory and difficult to control. We experienced two premenopausal women with CSA that showed the involvement of the menstrual cycle., Case Summary: Case 1: 41-year-old-woman had ST-segment elevation and chest pain during urosepsis, just 2 days after the onset of menstruation. The acetylcholine stress test was performed according to the menstrual cycle, and multiple coronary spasms were induced. Case 2: 40-year-old-woman had refractory chest pain as a symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Coronary angiography on drugs at the maximum dose revealed spontaneous multiple coronary spasms. Blood levels of oestrogen were normal, suggesting that hormonal change may be involved, and the introduction of low-dose pills made free from angina and the reduction of drug dose., Discussion: In premenopausal female angina pectoris, oestrogen may play a role; it is important to ask about the menstrual cycle and history of PMS. Besides, the timing of catheterization in premenopausal women with suspected CSA should be considered. Low-dose pills may be effective in some cases, and active medical collaboration with other departments such as gynaecology is desirable.　., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Competing Interests: None

Although discectomy is commonly performed for lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, the capacity for tissue repair after surgery is limited, resulting in residual lower back pain, recurrence of IVD herniation, and progression of IVD degeneration. Cell-based therapies, as one-step procedures, are desirable for enhancing IVD repair. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of newly developed ultra-purified alginate (UPAL) gel and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) implantation for IVD repair after discectomy. Prior to an in vivo study, the cell concentration abilities of three commercially available preparation kits for creating the BMAC were compared by measuring the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvested from the bone marrow of rabbits. Subsequently, canine-derived BMAC was tested in a canine model using a kit which had the highest concentration rate. At 24 weeks after implantation, we evaluated the changes in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals as well as histological degeneration grade and immunohistochemical analysis results for type II and type I collagen-positive cells in the treated IVDs. In all quantitative evaluations, such as MRI and histological and immunohistochemical analyses of IVD degeneration, BMAC-UPAL implantation significantly suppressed the progression of IVD degeneration compared to discectomy and UPAL alone. This preclinical proof-of-concept study demonstrated the potential efficacy of BMAC-UPAL gel as a therapeutic strategy for implementation after discectomy, which was superior to UPAL and discectomy alone in terms of tissue repair and regenerative potential.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study., Objectives: To evaluate the long-term recurrence rates and functional status of patients with thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after decompression and posterior fusion surgery., Methods: Thirty-seven consecutive patients who underwent posterior thoracic spine surgery at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. The long-term neurological and functional outcomes of 25 patients who were followed up for ≥10 years after surgery were assessed. Factors associated with the recurrence of myelopathy were also analyzed., Results: The mean preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 3.7, which improved to 6.5 at postoperative year 2 and declined to 6.0 at a mean follow-up of 18 years. No patient experienced a relapse of myelopathy due to OPLL within the instrumented spinal segments. However, 15 (60%) patients experienced late neurological deterioration, 10 of whom had a relapse of myelopathy due to OPLL or ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) in the region outside the primary operative lesion, while 4 developed myelopathy due to traumatic vertebral fracture of the ankylosed spine. Young age, a high body mass index, and lumbar OPLL are likely associated with late neurological deterioration., Conclusions: Decompression and posterior instrumented fusion surgery is a reliable surgical procedure with stable long-term clinical outcomes for thoracic OPLL. However, as OPLL may progress through the spine, attention should be paid to the recurrence of paralysis due to OPLL or OLF in regions other than the primary operative lesion and vertebral fractures of the ankylosed spine after surgery for thoracic OPLL., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection, is a malignant hematologic cancer that remains difficult to cure. We herein established a biomarker identification strategy based on the total cell proteomics of cultured ATL cells to search for novel ATL biomarkers. Four protocols with a combination of selected conditions based on lysis buffers and addition agents for total cell proteomics were used for a differential analysis between the ATL cell group (consisting of 11 cell lines), HTLV-1-infected cell group (consisting of 6 cell lines), and HTLV-1-negative cell group (consisting of 6 cell lines). In the analysis, we identified 24 and 27 proteins that were significantly increased (ratio ≥2.0, p < 0.05) and decreased (ratio ≤ 0.5, p < 0.05), respectively, in the ATL group. Previously reported CCL3 and CD30/TNFRSF8 were confirmed to be among significantly increased proteins. Furthermore, correlation analysis between identified proteins and Tax suggested that RASSF2 and GORASP2 were candidates of novel Tax-regulated factors. The biomarker identification strategy established herein is expected to contribute to the identification of biomarkers for ATL and other diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis in patients who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. The combination of azacitidine and venetoclax has been shown to have high overall efficiency and remission rates, even in patients ineligible for aggressive chemotherapy. However, myelosuppression is often prolonged after treatment, and infection can also occur. Severe myelosuppression is often addressed by dose titration, but specific dose titration methods have not been clarified. We used the standard induction therapy with azacitidine plus venetoclax, and if blasts decreased to 20% or less, switched to 7+7 therapy to shorten venetoclax to 7 days starting from the next cycle. In the 19 patients we treated (median age 80 years), response rate above MLFS was 100%, CR 57.9%, CRc (CR+CRi) 78.8%, median OS 693 days, median PFS 458 days, and median OS was not reached in previously untreated patients. This indicates that 7+7 is a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis, and Roundabout homolog 1 (ROBO1) is frequently expressed in SCLC. ROBO1-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) previously showed tumor shrinkage, but regrowth with fibroblast infiltration was observed. The fibroblasts would support tumor survival by secreting growth factors and cytokines. Inhibition of fibroblasts offers a candidate strategy for increasing RIT efficacy. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with 90 Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 antibody B5209B ( 90 Y-B5209B) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib in SCLC xenograft mice., Methods: Subcutaneous NCI-H69 SCLC xenograft mice were divided into four groups: saline, nintedanib alone, RIT alone, and a combination of RIT with nintedanib (combination). A single dose of 7.4 MBq of 90 Y-B5209B was injected intravenously. Nintedanib was orally administered at a dose of 400 µg five times a week for 4 weeks. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured regularly. Tumor sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson trichrome., Results: All six tumors in the combination therapy group disappeared, and four tumors showed no regrowth. Although RIT alone induced similar tumor shrinkage, regrowth was observed. Prolonged survival in the combination therapy group was found compared with the other groups. Temporary body weight loss was observed in RIT and combination therapy. There is no difference in fibroblast infiltration between RIT alone and the combination., Conclusion: Nintedanib significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effects of RIT with the 90 Y-B5209B without an increase in toxicity. These findings encourage further research into the potential clinical application of combining RIT with nintedanib., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)