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Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and discuss patterns of migraine medication use in the entire Norwegian population., Methods: In this nationwide, observational study, all individuals with a migraine-related prescription between 2010 and 2020 were identified using the Norwegian Prescription Database. The outcomes of interest were the incidence and 1-year prevalence of migraine medication users, as well as individuals with triptan overuse. Patterns of medication use were statistically compared between women and men adjusted for age, year of treatment start, comorbidities and county of residence calculating adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)., Results: We identified 327,904 migraine medication users. The incidence ranged from 0.39% to 0.46%, and the 1-year prevalence increased from 1.99% to 2.99%. Preventive use increased >50% during the study period. Preventives were significantly more often prescribed to women than to men (39.72% vs. 33.75%; aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.44). Triptan overuse was significantly more common among women, but women with overuse were more often using preventives, as compared to men (56.64% vs 52.69%; aOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.49)., Conclusion: The prevalence of medically treated migraine is low. Overuse of triptans is frequent, especially among women. Clinicians should be encouraged to try out different triptans, recognize triptan overuse, and prescribe preventives when indicated., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: AS has received speaker honoraria from Teva.SB is affiliated with Oslo Economics and has completed consultancy assignments for several pharmaceutical companies in recent years. FO is affiliated with Oslo Economics and has completed consultancy assignments for several pharmaceutical companies in recent years. AND has received speaker honoraria and/or consultancy honoraria from AbbVie, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Teva. CB is affiliated with Oslo Economics and has completed consultancy assignments for several pharmaceutical companies in recent years. EMS is affiliated with Oslo Economics and has completed consultancy assignments for several pharmaceutical companies in recent years. ET reports personal fees from lectures/advisory boards: Novartis, Eli Lilly, Abbvie, TEVA, Roche, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Biogen. Consultant for and owner of stocks and IP in Man & Science. Stocks and IP in Nordic Brain Tech. Stocks in Keimon Medical. Non-personal research funding from several sources, including EU, Norwegian Research Council, Dam foundation, KlinBeForsk. Commissioned research (non-personal): Lundbeck, Pfizer. LJS reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. MHB has received speaker honoraria and/or consultancy honoraria from Teva, Eisai, AbbVie, Pfizer, Novartis, Lundbeck, Angelini Pharma, Jazz pharmaceuticals, and Lilly during the last five years some of which are marked authorization holders of acute and/or preventive migraine drugs. She is affiliated with university of Bergen that has received fees from the marked authorization holders of valproate for a post authorization study of valproate.