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The article analyzes the theme of social subsidies between 1900 and 1945, with a greater focus on the context of the Vargas Era in Brazil. It highlights the creation of the Caixa de Subvenções as an important institution that reflected the political, energy and social transformations of that period. The state began to play a central role in economic development and social welfare, intervening in markets and regulating social relations. The inclusion of various sectors of society in subsidy policies promoted the representation of interests and strengthened political participation. The article also seeks to emphasize the relationship between authoritarian governments and advances in social legislation, highlighting subsidies as a form of state intervention. By addressing the challenges, controversies and historical importance of subsidies, the text contributes to an understanding of this important period in Brazilian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]