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In complex systems, the system's self-regulation processes can transition between states of equilibrium and disequilibrium, leading to changes in the distribution of players within the playing space. Actions that are surprising, rare, or out of the ordinary tend to be valued for their potential to destabilize the opposing defensive structure, altering player dispersion, and creating fragile spaces for the attack. With advancements in understanding the influence of the environment on players' affordances, the tactical consequences from individuals' solutions to various scenarios and their impact on the game context becomes a rich area for investigation. This study compared defensive dispersion in the moments preceding and following original actions in small-sided games. The original actions were obtained using the Creative Behavior Assessment in Team Sports (CBATS) observational matrix. At the same time, defensive dispersion was derived from positional data collected via GPS and processed using dedicated routines in MATLAB to obtain variables such as Stretch Index, Surface Area, Team Width, Team Length, and Individual Player Area. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed for normality, and the General Linear Model with Repeated Measures was used to compare pre-and post-action moments across different action classifications (pass and shot) and game configurations (SSG 4v4 - Small , SSG 4v4 - Large , SSG 5v5 - Small , and SSG 5v5 - Large ). Differences were found in the Stretch Index, Surface Area, and Team Width variables in SSG 4v4 - Small and Surface Area in SSG 5v5 - Small (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the original action could attract opponents in small formats of SSG, increasing the contraction of the opposing team and reducing space around the action, with the potential to create new spaces in other areas of the field., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This review article summarizes the experimental findings in rodents published between 2014 and 2024 concerning phthalates exposure and reproductive outcomes. Rodents were chosen for this review since most studies that have developmental aspects in different phases of exposure and that address more in-depth reproductive mechanisms have been carried out in mice and rats. The evidence of adverse effects of phthalates on fetal development and human and animal reproduction is extensive, with impacts ranging from gene expression to physiological alterations. Despite the large volume of scientific papers pointing out the harmful effects of exposure to phthalates, isolated or in mixtures, at different developmental periods, most of them are associated with the maternal exposure and long-term effects in the offspring. Regular vegetables, fruits, fish, dairy products, and whole grains intake rich in bioactive compounds can mitigate the adverse effects of EDCs in humans and animals at different developmental periods. Various food bioactive compounds (FBCs) such as genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, vitamin E, curcumin, selenium, and plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) present antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other biological properties with the potential to reduce of deleterious effects of phthalates on the reproductive tract. In this review, we aimed to summarize the main studies produced in the last decade about phthalate exposure and reproductive disorders in males and females (at different developmental critical windows). Additionally, we proposed some FBCs and PSMs that could attenuate the main adverse effects caused by phthalate exposure on male reproduction since there is a lack of studies with females.

Background: This study is characterized as an observational study that aimed to analyze the association between time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with biomarkers of the cardiometabolic profile in individuals with cardiovascular and/or metabolic diseases., Methods: The sample consisted of 149 participants (60.68 ± 10.94 years) of a behavior change program related to promote physical activity (PA) and healthy eating habits. Crude and adjusted multiple linear regression models were used to test the associations between SB, LPA, MVPA, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05., Results: Crude analyzes showed that a higher time spent in SB was associated with higher glucose levels (β = 0.091; 95%CI 0.031 to 0.151; p < 0.001). On the other hand, a higher time spent in LPA was associated with lower glucose levels (β = -0.015; 95%CI -0.024 to -0.006; p < 0.001). Moreover, a negative association between LPA and uric acid was found (β = -0.000; 95%CI -0.001 to -0.000; p = 0.044). The other cardiometabolic variables were not significantly associated with SB nor with LPA or MVPA (p > 0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables, only the associations between glucose and time spent in SB and LPA remained significant (p = 0.001)., Conclusion: This study verified that high time spent in SB and low time spent in LPA are associated with impaired in glucose levels in subjects with cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, maintaining healthier lifestyle habits such as reducing sedentary time and increasing the level of PA may contribute to maintaining optimal blood glucose levels in this population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors of the manuscript entitled “HIGH TIME SPENT IN SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND LOW TIME SPENT ON LIGHT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE GLUCOSE RATES IN SUBJECTS WITH CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES” submitted to the Journal of bodywork and movements declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A previous study using miRNA sequencing revealed that exposure to a mixture of phthalates during pregnancy and lactation dysregulated rno-miR-184 and rno-miR-141-3p in the ventral prostate (VP) of offspring. Here, rno-miR-184 and rno-miR-141-3 expressions were obtained by RT-qPCR in the VP of F1 males as well as in F2 offspring, aiming to establish a relationship with possible oncogenic targets through in silico analyses with multigenerational approach. Additionally, some targets were measured by western blots to highlight a possible relationship between the deregulated miRNAs and some of their targets. VP samples from rats exposed to a mixture of phthalates maternally during pregnancy and lactation (GD10 to PND21-F1) and VP from offspring (F2) were examined. The phthalate mixture at both concentrations (20 μg and 200 mg/kg/day) increased the expression of both miRNAs in the F1 (PND22 and 120) and F2 (descendants of F1-treated males) prostate. Target prediction analysis revealed that both microRNAs are responsible for modulating the expression and synthesis of 40 common targets. A phthalate target association analysis and the HPA database showed an interesting relationship among these possible miRNAs modulated targets with prostate adenocarcinoma and other oncogenic processes. Western blots showed alteration in P63, P53, WNT5, and STAT3 expression, which are targeted by the miRNAs, in the VP of F1/F2 males. The data draw attention to the epigenetic modulation in the prostate of descendants exposed to phthalates and adds to one of the few currently found in the literature to point to microRNAs signature as biomarkers of exposure to plasticizers., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)