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Introduction Particularly in the metropolitan areas of low socioeconomic status where inequalities in mothers' mental health are most prominent, Postpartum Depression (PPD) poses a severe threat to public health. Purpose This retrospective study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its risk variables among urban, low-income mothers. Methods We looked back at the medical histories of 200 women at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital (PMCH), Bihar, India, who had recently given birth in poor cities. PPD and risk factor information were gathered when eligibility criteria were established. Estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors were among the statistical analyses performed. Results A high prevalence of PPD (32.5%) was found in the study, highlighting the significant burden of PPD in this community. A lack of social support (51.2%), exposure to high environmental stressors (55.6%), a history of mental health disorders (48.9%), and being younger (38.2% in the 18-25 years age bracket) were the significant risk factors of PPD in the study population. These results are important because they shed light on the unique difficulties experienced by postpartum patients living in urban areas with low incomes. Conclusion This research emphasises the critical importance of implementing specific programmes to reduce PPD in low-income metropolitan areas. Early screening, intervention, and support programmes should be adopted to address the risk factors identified. To promote a more accepting atmosphere for mothers' mental health, healthcare policies should emphasise mental health treatments and reduce stigma.

ABSTRACT: Background: Ovarian tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide, affecting women of all ages. According to Globocan's 2022 projections, by 2050, the number of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer worldwide will increase by over 55% to 503,448. The number of women dying from ovarian cancer is projected to increase to 350,956 each year, an increase of almost 70% from 2022. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the various histopathological spectra of ovarian tumors according to the latest 2020 WHO classification and to assess the age distribution, frequency of incidence, and laterality of different subtypes of ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 190 cases of histopathologically proven ovarian tumors reported by the pathology department from March 2020 to March 2024 at the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Results: A total of 190 cases were studied, 154 (81.1%) were benign, 8 (4.2%) were borderline, and 28 (14.7%) cases were malignant. Surface epithelial tumors (SETs) were the most common (n = 139, 73.2%), followed by germ cell tumors (GCTs) (n = 38, 20%). Serous cystadenomas (n = 63, 33%) were the most common benign tumors, whereas the most common malignant tumors were serous carcinomas (n=11, 5.7%). Most ovarian tumors (n = 45, 23.68%) occurred in the 31–40-year-old age group. Conclusion: The present study showed various histopathological patterns of ovarian tumors. This study indicated a slight increase in the prevalence of malignant ovarian tumors in the middle-aged group and and a relative increase in the percentage of SETs over GCTs in recent years in our tertiary care center in Jharkhand, India. With limited resources in our institute, histopathological examination remains the mainstay for the early diagnosis of these tumors and their timlely and appropriate management. Categories: Pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]