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This study introduces a novel optical method for formaldehyde determination in milk, based on the hypothesis that simultaneous reflectance and fluorescence measurements can enhance detection sensitivity compared to traditional methods. We aimed to address the challenge of accurately measuring low concentrations of formaldehyde in milk, a crucial issue for food safety. By employing a multi-channel spectrometer sensor and exploiting the reaction of formaldehyde with acetylacetone to form 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), we measured reflectance of DDL at 415 nm and fluorescence at 515 nm. The method demonstrated linearity (0.1-4 mg L -1 for reflectance, 0.1-3 mg L -1 for fluorescence) with detection limits of 0.027 mg L -1 (reflectance) and 0.030 mg L -1 (fluorescence). We successfully determined formaldehyde in milk samples (46 to 114 μg L -1 ) and observed a 60 % reduction in formaldehyde concentrations. This research underscores the importance of heat treatment in ensuring food safety., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Digital health literacy is emerging as an important element in chronic illness management, yet its relationship with clinical outcomes remains unclear. Utilizing data from the ongoing EXpanding Technology-Enabled, Nurse-Delivered Chronic Disease Care trial, this cross-sectional, correlational study explored the association between digital health literacy, health literacy, and patient outcomes, specifically blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c levels in 76 patients managing comorbid type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Results indicate patients had moderate digital health literacy, which was not significantly correlated with health literacy (r = 0.16, P = .169). Both bivariate and covariate-adjusted regression models indicated that digital health literacy was not significantly associated with patient outcomes (all P > .05, small effects). These findings suggest that although patients from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds may possess the digital health literacy to engage with digital health tools, this alone may not improve clinical outcomes. Although digital health literacy may not be directly related to improved clinical outcomes, future research should explore how digital health tools can be optimized to enhance patient engagement and address complex challenges in diverse populations managing chronic conditions., (Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Parasites significantly influence ecosystems by controlling host populations and spreading diseases, thereby impacting ecological balances. In the Neotropics, hematophagous bat flies and mites are common ectoparasites of bats. The state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, hosts a diverse bat fauna across its Amazon Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal habitats. We described bat flies and wing mites associated with bats in an urban area in the Amazon-Cerrado transition. Despite the expected diversity of bat in the study area, we expect to find a low number of ectoparasites species, as urban areas are typically associated with reduced parasite diversity. Bats were captured using mist nets, and ectoparasites collected manually or with tweezers and identified under the stereomicroscope. We found 10 species of ectoparasites (seven bat flies and three wingmites) from 181 bats across 22 species. The study found low ectoparasite diversity, possibly due to the small number of bats captured or the constraints found in the urban environment. Most observed bat-ectoparasite associations were consistent with previous studies, but some unexpected associations suggested possible contamination or transient relationships. This research fills a gap in the knowledge of bat ectoparasites in Mato Grosso, contributing to understanding bat-ectoparasite dynamics in diverse habitats., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the 10-minute submaximal treadmill test (T10 test), a self-paced test, in determining critical speed (CS) and predicting running performance. Specifically, we sought to identify the percentage of T10 velocity (vT10) that runners performed in official distance races, and to compare physiological and performance indicators between sexes. 60 recreational runners (n=34 males and n=26 females) underwent a maximum incremental test, the novel T10 test, and ran 1200-m and 2400-m on the track. Runners self-reported their best performance times. Generalized Linear Model was used to compare running performances between sexes. For both males and females, the %vT10 in 5 km, 10 km, and half-marathon races occurred at 107.5% and 106.5%, 99.9% and 100.8%, and 92.6% and 97.1%, respectively. There was no interaction effect (p=0.520) and no main effect of sex (p=0.443). There was a main effect of distance (p<0.001), indicating that %vT10 in the 5km race differed from that found in the 10 km race (p=0.012), as well as in the half-marathon (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that %vT10 values can be used to determine pace in recreational endurance runners for race distances regardless of sex., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Despite routine screening for intimate partner violence and validated screening tools for lethality, intimate partner violence assessment and linkage to services remain inconsistent in health care settings. This program aimed to implement and evaluate a lethality assessment program, a nurse-led screening and prevention program for intimate partner violence homicide in an emergency department that partnered with a local community agency., Methods: A single group pre-post design was used to evaluate changes in knowledge of intimate partner violence and the lethality assessment program protocol and confidence in implementing the protocol among 143 registered nurses in the emergency department. Program outcomes were assessed during a 4-month post-implementation period. Focus group interviews were conducted and analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators of implementation., Results: Significant improvements in the nurses' knowledge and confidence in implementing the protocol (all P< .001) were observed. Fourteen lethality screens were completed during the 4 months, with 13 indicating high intimate partner violence homicide danger. Eight victims received 20 services (1-5/person) from the local community organization: emergency shelter, safety planning, legal aid, and domestic violence protection order. Barriers to implementation included time, privacy, training, and access to screening forms. Facilitators included champions, resources to allow for implementation, and prompts., Discussion: The lethality assessment program is a feasible protocol in a health care setting to increase intimate partner violence awareness, link high-risk intimate partner violence victims to needed services in real time, and potentially reduce intimate partner violence homicides. Programs like this are essential to address this public health concern., (Copyright © 2025 Emergency Nurses Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)