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Hydrogen is a simple, colorless, and biologically active small molecule gas that can react with reactive oxygen species. Recent research suggests that hydrogen possesses several biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, while exhibiting an extremely high level of safety. Hydrogen application has shown promise in treating a range of acute and chronic diseases, both benign and malignant. Importantly, an increasing number of clinical studies on hydrogen have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in treating various diseases. This review highlights the beneficial effects of hydrogen in kidney diseases, summarizes potential mechanisms by which hydrogen may act in these diseases, and proposes several promising avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the escalating incidence of scabies in a tertiary hospital in Southern China from 2018 to 2022. Scabies is not a notifiable or recognized disease in China, leading to a lack of epidemic-based data. The study analyzed data from 1345 patients and found a sixfold increase in suspected and clinical scabies cases over the five-year period, with the most significant increase among patients aged 15-44 years. The study also identified a seasonal pattern, with the highest prevalence occurring during the winter season. The actual incidence of scabies may be even higher due to underreporting and misdiagnosis. The increase in cases may be attributed to factors such as shared dormitories and increased awareness of the disease. The study highlights the need to improve the diagnosis of scabies. [Extracted from the article]

For commercially applicable organic solar cells (OSCs), both high efficiency and stability are essential requirements. A long-existing hidden problem of electron acceptors is the carbon–carbon double bond, which favors efficiency but harms stability. To explore a potential solution, we herein designed two nonfused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) with the same molecular backbone but varying side chains, a closed-loop carbazole side chain for 3TTCz and an open-loop diphenylamine side chain for 3TTDPA. It was unveiled that photodegradation proceeded via the oxidation of the carbon–carbon double bond through the quinoid resonance structure, which would be promoted by the open-loop diphenylamine unit, but hindered by the closed-loop carbazole unit. As a result, device stability was significantly improved for the 3TTCz-based OSC. In addition, the carbazole unit also allowed higher crystallinity, better molecular orientation and less charge recombination, leading to an exceptionally high fill factor (FF) of 78.78% and a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.00% for the 3TTCz-based OSC, better than those of the 3TTDPA-based one (FF = 66.93%, PCE = 13.85%). This work provides a feasible approach for stabilizing the resonance structure of NFREAs, thus enabling efficient and stable OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most fatal human malignancies. The enhanced infiltration of stromal tissue into the PCa tumor microenvironment limits the identification of key tumor‐specific transcription factors and epigenomic abnormalities in malignant epithelial cells. Integrated transcriptome and epigenetic multiomics analyses of the paired PCa organoids indicate that the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor 40 (BHLHE40) is significantly upregulated in tumor samples. Increased chromatin accessibility at the promoter region and enhanced mTOR pathway activity contribute to the elevated expression of BHLHE40. Integrated analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation‐seq, RNA‐seq, and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture data, together with chromosome conformation capture assays, indicate that BHLHE40 not only regulates sterol regulatory element‐binding factor 1 (SREBF1) transcription as a classic transcription factor but also links the enhancer and promoter regions of SREBF1. It is found that the BHLHE40‐SREBF1‐stearoyl‐CoA desaturase axis protects PCa cells from ferroptosis, resulting in the reduced accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, fatostatin, an SREBF1 inhibitor, significantly suppresses the growth of PCa tumors with high expressions of BHLHE40. This study highlights the important roles of BHLHE40‐mediated lipid peroxidation in inducing ferroptosis in PCa cells and provides a novel mechanism underlying SREBF1 overexpression in PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clear understanding of the structure–performance relationship is important for promoting the evolution of designing efficient nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs). Inspired by the above intention, herein, a side‐by‐side study is carried out based on three newly developed NFREAs by regulating rigid conjugation and flexible side chains, yielding PhNT‐4Cl, PhNC‐4Cl, and PhNP‐4Cl. It is unveiled that reduced miscibility by extending rigid conjugation can help to form nanofiber features, thus allowing high crystallinity, and a hindered overaggregation tendency by increasing steric hindrance of flexible side chain can help to form suitable domain sizes, thus avoiding severe charge recombination. As a result, PhNC‐4Cl with cyclopentadithiophene building block and branched alkyl side chains achieves a good balance in the earlier two aspects, thus enabling a higher efficiency of 14.01% with both higher photocurrent and fill factor, relative to PhNT‐4Cl (6.95%) and PhNP‐4Cl (6.31%). This work points out the critical role of miscibility‐driven morphology tuning on the device performance, thus guiding the molecular design toward efficient NFREAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of malignancies with worst outcomes among digestive system tumors. Identification of novel biomarkers is of great significance for treatment researches and prognosis prediction of pancreatic cancer patients. Due to OSBPL10 known involvement in oncogenic activity in other tumors, we elucidated the mechanism underlying its contribution to pancreatic cancer progression. We employed data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to detect the expression of OSBPL10 in normal and pancreatic cancer tissues. A series of assays were conducted to assess the impact of OSBPL10 on the proliferation and metastatic capacities of pancreatic cancer cells and the influence of OSBPL10 on macrophages were evaluated by Flow cytometry. In addition, Co‐immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and western blot assays were utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms of OSBPL10 activity. From our study, OSBPL10 is revealed to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer, with poor prognosis. The overexpression promotes malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells and has an impact on tumor immune microenvironment by stimulating the transformation M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages. Mechanistically, hypoxia induces the expression of OSBPL10 through interaction between hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐α and the promoter region of OSBPL10. Additionally, OSBPL10 directly bound to CNBP, mediating CNBP expression and ultimately regulating the proliferation and metastasis capacity of pancreatic cancer cells, as well as influencing macrophage polarization. The research emphasized the oncogenic role of OSBPL10 in pancreatic cancer, uncovering key mechanisms involving hypoxia, HIF‐1α, and CNBP. The finding suggests that OSBPL10 is a novel biomarker in pancreatic cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target for intervention in this malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (is-OPVs) with a high efficiency is of significance for practical application. However, their efficiencies lag far behind those of rigid or even flexible counterparts. To address this issue, an advanced top-illuminated OPV is designed and fabricated, which is intrinsically stretchable and has a high performance, through systematic optimizations from material to device. First, the stretchability of the active layer is largely increased by adding a low-elastic-modulus elastomer of styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SEPS). Second, the stretchability and conductivity of the opaque electrode are enhanced by a conductive polymer/metal (denoted as M-PH1000@Ag) composite electrode strategy. Third, the optical and electrical properties of a sliver nanowire transparent electrode are improved by a solvent vapor annealing strategy. High-performance is-OPVs are successfully fabricated with a top-illuminated structure, which provides a record-high efficiency of 16.23%. Additionally, by incorporating 5-10% elastomer, a balance between the efficiency and stretchability of the is-OPVs is achieved. This study provides valuable insights into material and device optimizations for high-efficiency is-OPVs, with a low-cost production and excellent stretchability, which indicates a high potential for future applications of OPVs., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)