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Myopia is becoming more and more common all over the world, and the incidence of myopia is gradually increasing. Many treatments have been used to prevent and control myopia, including optics, drugs, environment or behavior, but the results are different and lack standardization. At present, many experiments have proved that peripheral defocus technology has a certain effect on myopia control. Based on this technology, three kinds of framed eyeglass lenses with peripheral defocus design, namely defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS), highly aspherical lenslets(HAL)and cylindrical annular reactive elements(CARE), are commonly used in medical and optometry institutions in China. These lenses provide not only clear vision in the central area, but also a certain amount of myopic defocus in the periphery to control the progression of myopia. This paper aims to focus on the design principle and myopia prevention and control effect of the above three peripheral defocus lenses, and evaluate their effectiveness in clinical practice.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of using the cross-positioning method for correcting low and moderate astigmatism during small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)surgery with Alpins vector analysis.METHODS: A total of 50 patients(81 eyes)with low and moderate astigmatism with the rule ≤1.50 D who underwent SMILE surgery at the laser myopia treatment center of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from May 2022 to November 2022 were included in the prospective randomized controlled study, and they were divided into two groups according to the random table, with 25 case(41 eyes)in cross-positioning group and 25 cases(40 eyes)in control group. In the cross-positioning group, the patients' head position was adjusted based on the cross intersection lines before the standard SMILE procedure, aligning the lateral canthi with the horizontal line and the midpoint of the eyebrows and the nose bridge with the vertical line. Postoperative visual acuity and refractive results at 3 mo were observed in both groups, and astigmatic changes were analyzed and evaluated using the Alpins vector analysis method.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 6 cases(11 eyes)in the cross-positioning group were lost to follow-up, while in the control group, 8 cases(14 eyes)were lost to follow-up, with 19 cases(30 eyes)and 17 cases(26 eyes)finally included in the cross-positioning group and the control group, respectively. At 3 mo postoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)of both groups' operated eyes was ≥1.0, and no serious complications occurred, with no significant differences in UCVA, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical power, and spherical equivalent between the cross-positioning group and the control group(all P>0.05). The cylindrical power in the cross-positioning group was 0.00(0.00, 0.00)D, which was lower than -0.13(-0.50, 0.00)D in the control group(P=0.01). The vector analysis results showed that the difference vector(DV)in the cross-positioning group was lower than that in the control group [0.00(0.00, 0.00)vs 0.13(0.00, 0.50), P=0.01], and the index of success(IOS)was better than that of the control group [0.00(0.00, 0.00)vs 0.18(0.00, 0.77), P

AIM:To evaluate corrective effect and stability of corneal morphology in patients with moderate to high myopia after 2a treatment of femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)Xtra.METHODS:Retrospective case-control study. A total of 30 cases(58 eyes)Patients with moderate to high myopia combined with astigmatism who planned to undergo refractive surgery in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were included, and different types of surgery were performed respectively based on the relevant index of keratoconus screening in the preoperative corneal topography. They were divided into FS-LASIK group and Xtra group, with 15 cases(29 eyes)in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE)and the corneal curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of different diameters(3, 5 and 7 mm)measured by Sirius three-dimensional corneal topography were observed preoperatively and 3 mo, 1 and 2 a postoperatively.RESULTS: The UCVA of the two groups of patients at different time points after surgery was significantly increased compared with preoperatively(both P0.05). After 2 a postoperatively, residual astigmatism was -0.25-0 D in 25 eyes(86%)of the FS-LASIK Xtra group and 24 eyes(83%)of the FS-LASIK group. The actual corrected SE and expected corrected SE of both groups were positively correlated(both P

Lake ice changes in winter under the influence of global climate change, but how lake ice changes will regulate water gross primary productivity (GPP) and carbon sequestration capacity is still unclear. Here, we evaluated and analyzed the geographic spatial pattern and dynamic changes of lake ice and GPP on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) in the past 20 years. Results show that lake ice duration on the QTP is 123.36±2.43 d on average, although longer for lakes at higher altitudes, of moderate size, and with shallower depths. Lake ice thickness is between 55–66 cm on average, and its GPP on the QTP is between 0.17–3.35 g C m−2 d−1. In the context of global climate change, reductions in lake ice cover duration and changes in ice thickness on the QTP increased phytoplankton GPP during the winter freeze period while decreasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the melting period.

The compositional changes of successively emplaced mafic magmatites provide insights into the evolution of orogenic belts, particularly the transformation processes and properties of the orogenic lithospheric mantle. Herein, we present new zircon U‒Pb ages and Lu‒Hf isotopes, as well as whole-rock major, trace element, and Sr – Nd isotope compositions from three mafic intrusions in the Asuo area, central Tibet, to clarify the evolution of the Lhasa – Qiangtang Orogenic Belt (LQOB). These mafic intrusions can be classified into calc-alkaline basalts and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and depleted in high-field strength elements. Significant differences in the whole-rock trace element compositions, Sr – Nd isotope values, and U – Pb ages stratify them into two groups, namely Groups I and II, of which Group I rocks (ca. 105 Ma) show lower87Sr/88Sri = (0.70694–0.70701), [Sm/Yb]N = (1.51–1.54) and higher εNd (t) = (−0.74 to −0.61) than Group II (ca. 97–95 Ma) (87Sr/88Sri = 0.70759–0.70870; εNd (t) = –4.58 to −3.75; [Sm/Yb]N = 2.43–2.94). These features indicate that the mantle source exhibits a progressive increase in the proportion of garnet, along with significant addition of subduction-related components into the primary melts. One scenario for producing such trace element patterns and gradually enriched radioactive isotope signatures involves the extensive heating of an oceanic slab beneath the LQOB by upwelling asthenosphere, which leads to the extensive melting of sediments within the slab. Identification of ca. 105–95 Ma Asuo mafic rocks suggests their formation in a post-collisional setting with additional heat input from the deep mantle. These results provide new evidence supporting the occurrence of the Lhasa – Qiangtang collision within the framework of north-south bidirectional subduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A newly introduced obesity-related index, the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), emerges as a promising predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the known synergistic effects of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cardiovascular risk, we aimed to explore the relationship between the WWI and CVD risk specifically within this high-risk cohort. Methods: A total of 2265 participants with hypertension and OSA were included in the study. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to further evaluate the nonlinear dose-response relationship. Results: During a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, 324 participants experienced a CVD event. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that compared to the reference group, the HRs for the second, third, and fourth groups were 1.12 (95% CI, 0.79– 1.59), 1.35 (95% CI, 0.96– 1.89), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.13– 2.22), respectively. Moreover, RCS analysis illustrated a clear J-shaped relationship between the WWI and CVD risk, particularly notable when WWI exceeded 11.5 cm/ , signifying a significant increase in CVD risk. Conclusion: There was a J-shaped relationship between WWI and CVD in hypertensive patients with OSA, especially when the WWI was greater than 11.5 cm/ , the risk of CVD was significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban air mobility is an effective solution to address the current issue of ground traffic congestion in future cities. However, as the user scale continues to expand, the current civil aviation flight scheduling and control methods are becoming inadequate to meet the high-volume flight guarantee demands of future urban air transportation. In order to effectively handle and resolve potential issues in this field in the future, this paper proposes a method for planning urban air mobility route networks. The planning process is divided into two stages: construction and optimization. Methods for constructing urban air mobility route networks based on flight routes and global optimization methods based on node movement are proposed in each stage. In the construction stage, a complete construction process is designed to generate routes based on existing flight routes, in line with the trend of urban air transportation development. In the optimization stage, inspired by the ant colony algorithm, node transfer rules and information transfer rules are incorporated to design a global optimization process and algorithm for route networks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed planning method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately one-third of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) cases were unresponsive to standard first-line therapy; thus, identifying biomarkers to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and assessing the emergence of drug resistance is crucial. Through early-stage screening, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) was found to be correlated with the R-CHOP treatment response. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of XIST in ABC-DLBCL. The expression level of XIST in 161 patients with ABC-DLBCL receiving R-CHOP therapy was examined via RNA in situ hybridization, and the association between XIST expression and clinicopathological features, treatment response and prognosis was analyzed in the study cohort and validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort. Cell biological experiments and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to reveal aberrant signaling. The proportion of complete response in patients with high XIST expression was lower than that in patients with low XIST expression (53.8% versus 77.1%) (P  = 0.002). High XIST expression was remarkably associated with the characteristics of tumor progression and was an independent prognostic element for overall survival (P  = 0.039) and progression-free survival (P  = 0.027) in ABC-DLBCL. XIST was proven to be involved in m6A-related methylation and ATF6-associated autophagy. XIST knockdown repressed ABC-DLBCL cellular proliferation by regulating Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. High XIST expression was associated with ABC-DLBCL tumorigenesis and development and contributed to R-CHOP treatment resistance. XIST may be a promising signal to predict ABC-DLBCL prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to investigate the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and future fracture risk in elderly hypertensive patients. Elderly hypertensive patients (age ≥60 years) who attended our hospital between January 2021 and December 2023 and completed BMD screening were included in the study. Analyses were performed with multivariate logistic and linear regression. The multiple linear regression indicated that SIRI levels were significantly negatively correlated with lumbar 1 BMD (β = -0.15, 95% CI: −0.24, −0.05), lumbar 2 BMD (β = -0.15, 95% CI: −0.24, −0.05), lumbar 3 BMD (β = -1.35, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.02), lumbar 4 BMD (β = -0.11, 95% CI: −0.30, −0.10), femur neck BMD (β = -0.11, 95% CI: −0.18, −0.05) and Ward's triangle BMD (β = -0.12, 95% CI: −0.20, −0.05) among elderly hypertensive patients, after fully adjusting for confounders. Furthermore, we observed that SIRI was positively associated with future fracture risk in elderly hypertensive patients. Specifically, SIRI was associated with an increased risk of major osteoporotic fractures (β = 0.33) and hip fractures (β = 0.25). The logistic regression analysis indicated that there is an association between the SIRI level and an increased risk of osteoporosis (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.37, 1.87), after fully adjusting for confounders. Our findings indicate a potential association between SIRI and BMD, osteoporosis, and the risk of future fractures in elderly hypertensive patients. However, further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening for pediatric hematology and oncology patient receiving chemotherapy. Th1/Th2 cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) are all thought to be associated with disease severity. The aim of this study was to prospectively verify the utility of Th1/Th2 cytokines and compare them with PCT and CRP in the prediction of adverse outcomes. Data on patients were collected from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. Blood samples were taken for Th1/Th2 cytokine, CRP, and PCT measurements at the initial onset of infection. Severe infection (SI) was defined as severe sepsis or septic shock. Th1/Th2 cytokine levels were determined by using flow cytometric bead array technology. In total, 7,735 febrile episodes were included in this study. For SI prediction, the AUCs of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were 0.814, 0.805 and 0.624, respectively, while IL-6 and IL-10 had high sensitivity and specificity. IL-6 > 220.85 pg/ml and IL-10 > 29.95 pg/ml had high odds ratio (OR) values of approximately 3.5 in the logistic regression. Within the subgroup analysis, for bloodstream infection (BSI) prediction, the AUCs of IL-10 and TNF-α were 0.757 and 0.694, respectively. For multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) prediction, the AUC of CRP was 0.606. The AUC of PCT for mortality prediction was 0.620. In conclusion, IL-6 and IL-10 provide good predictive value for the diagnosis of SI. For children with SI, IL-10 and TNF-α are associated with BSI, while CRP and PCT are associated with MODS and death, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred and thirty-one acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children with 1376 high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) courses (3–5 g/m2) were enrolled to analyze the influence of the plasma MTX concentration (CMTX) in ALL. The 24-h target peak CMTX (C24h) was set at 33 μmol/l for low-risk (LR) and 65 μmol/l for intermediate/high-risk (IR/HR) groups. The median C24h was 42.0 μmol/l and 69.7 μmol/l for LR and IR/HR groups, respectively. MTX excretion delay was observed in 14.6% of courses, which was more frequent in IR/HR groups (56.9% vs. LR group 40.2%, p =.014) and T-ALL patients (82.6% vs. B-ALL 47.1%, p =.001). MTX-related toxicities were more common in courses with MTX excretion delay. However, survival between the patients who failed to reach the target C24h or not, with or without MTX excretion delay, was comparable. These findings suggest that, owing to the effectiveness of risk stratification chemotherapy, CMTX does not exert an independent influence on the prognosis of childhood ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the defect detection issues in electroluminescence (EL) of photovoltaic (PV) cell systems, lots of factors result in performance degradation, including defect diversity, data imbalance, scale difference, etc. Focal-EIoU loss, an effective defect detection solution for EL, is proposed based on the improved YOLOv5. Firstly, by analyzing the detection background and scale characteristics of EL defects, a binary classification is carried out in the system. Subsequently, a cascade detection network based on YOLOv5 is designed to further extract features from the binary-classified defects. The defect localization and classification are achieved in this way. To address the problem of imbalanced defect samples, a loss function is designed based on EIoU and Focal-F1 Loss. Experimental results are illustrated to show the effectiveness. Compared with the existing CNN-based deep learning approaches, the proposed focal loss calculation-based method can effectively improve the performance of handling sample imbalance. Moreover, in the detection of 12 types of defects, the Yolov5 algorithms can always obtain higher MAP (mean average precision) even with different parameter levels (Yolov5m: 0.791 vs. 0.857, Yolov5l: 0.798 vs. 0.862, Yolov5x: 0.802 vs. 0.867, Yolov5s: 0.793 vs. 0.865).

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions arises from the interplay between the chirality imbalance and the intense magnetic field and will cause a charge separation along the magnetic field direction. While the CME search is still ongoing in experiments, the non-CME contributions need to be excluded from the CME observables. In this work, we examine the influence of globally spin-aligned ρ mesons on the γ112 correlator, the RΨ2(ΔS) correlator, and the signed balance functions, via a toy model and a multiphase transport model (AMPT). We find that the CME observables are sensitive to the 00-component of the spin density matrix, ρ00: they receive positive (negative) contributions when ρ00 is larger (smaller) than 1/3.

Modulating the electronic structure of catalysts to effectively couple the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for developing high-efficiency anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). Herein, a coral-like nanoarray composed of nanosheets through the synergistic layering effect of cobalt and the 1D guiding of vanadium is synthesized, which promotes extensive contact between the active sites and electrolyte. The HER and OER activities can be enhanced by modulating the electronic structure through nitridation and phosphorization, respectively, enhancing the strength of metal-H bond to optimize hydrogen adsorption and facilitating the proton transfer to improve the transformation of oxygen-containing intermediates. Resultantly, the AEMWE achieves a current density of 500 mA cm -2 at 1.76 V for 1000 h in 1.0 M KOH at 70 °C. The energy consumption is 4.21 kWh Nm -3 with the producing hydrogen cost of $0.93 per kg H 2 . Operando synchrotron radiation and Bode phase angle analyses reveal that during the high-energy consumed OER, the dissolution of vanadium species transforms distorted Co-O octahedral into regular octahedral structures, accompanied by a shortening of the Co-Co bond length. This structural evolution facilitates the formation of oxygen intermediates, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objective: To explore the link between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in hypertensive patients., Methods: We analyzed data from 41,131 hospitalized patients from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. Multivariate logistic regression models tested associations, with threshold, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses conducted to validate findings., Results: For each 5-unit increase in PAC, the risk of MAFLD rose by 1.57 times, consistent even in the fully adjusted model. The odds ratios for the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups compared to Q1 were 1.21, 2.12, and 3.14, respectively. A threshold effect was observed at 14 ng/dL, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses supporting these results., Conclusions: This study reveals a significant positive association between elevated PAC levels and the prevalence of MAFLD in hypertensive patients. These findings underscore the imperative for further large-scale, prospective studies to validate and expand upon this correlation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shen, Cai, Hu, Song, Zhu, Ma, Zhang, Ma, Zhou, Yang, Hong, Zhang and Li.)

Background: Prior research has highlighted the association between uric acid (UA) and the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). However, the specific relationship between aldosterone, the RAAS's end product, and UA-related diseases remains poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the impact of aldosterone on the development and progression of hyperuricemia and gout in hypertensive patients., Methods: Our study involved 34534 hypertensive participants, assessing plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)'s role in UA-related diseases, mainly hyperuricemia and gout. We applied multiple logistic regression to investigate the impact of PAC and used restricted cubic splines (RCS) for examining the dose-response relationship between PAC and these diseases. To gain deeper insights, we conducted threshold analyses, further clarifying the nature of this relationship. Finally, we undertook subgroup analyses to evaluate PAC's effects across diverse conditions and among different subgroups., Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the occurrence of hyperuricemia and gout and the elevation of PAC levels. Compared to the first quartile (Q1) group, groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 all exhibited a significantly increased risk of occurrence. Moreover, the conducted RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship, especially when PAC was greater than 14 ng/dL, with a further increased risk of hyperuricemia and gout. Finally, comprehensive subgroup analyses consistently reinforced these findings., Conclusion: This study demonstrates a close association between elevated PAC levels and the development of UA-related diseases, namely hyperuricemia and gout, in hypertensive patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm and validate this relationship., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Song, Cai, Hu, Zhu, Shen, Ma, Zhang, Ma, Zhou, Yang, Hong, Zhang and Li.)

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the efficacy of local antibiotic delivery systems in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO)., Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for relevant publications until March 2024. All studies evaluating the efficacy of local antibiotic delivery systems in patients with DFO were included. We calculated pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CIs for binary outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane's risk of bias tool and methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) assessment were used to evaluate the quality of studies., Results: A total of 9 studies with 491 patients were included in this analysis. The overall healing rate in antibiotic group was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.97). Healing rates were significantly higher in the antibiotic group compared to the control group (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38). Furthermore, recurrence rates and amputation rates have no significantly difference between the antibiotic group and the control group (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.04, 2.12 and RR: 0.22, 95% CI:0.03, 1.91), along with no significantly difference in healing time and hospital stays(MD: -7.87, 95% CI: -20.81, 5.07 and MD:-2.33, 95% CI:-5.17, 0.50). No obvious publication bias was observed in the funnel plot (Egger's test, P  = .99)., Conclusions: Our meta-analysis found that diabetic foot osteomyelitis patients treated with local antibiotic delivery systems had better healing rates than the control group. However, no significant differences were found in healing time, recurrence, hospital stays, or amputation rates. Larger randomized controlled trials are necessary in the future.