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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the sound of running water, which we had not previously encountered being used in dialysis patients, on invasive pain and anxiety experienced during cannulation., Methods: The research was conducted as a randomized, controlled study. A descriptive form, a VAS pain scale, and state-trait anxiety scales were used as a data collection form. The data were analyzed on SPSS version 22.00 for Windows software. The independent groups t-test was applied to compare descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, number, and percentage in independent groups, while categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. The effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable was tested using linear regression analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant., Results: The study was completed with 32 experimental and 33 control group patients. There was no significant difference in pre-intervention pain and anxiety between the groups. The pain levels of the patients after the first and 12th cannulations were significantly lower in the experimental group (p < 0.05). State and trait anxiety levels were also significantly lower in the experimental group at the 12th session (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: We conclude that the sound of running water has a significant positive effect on pain and anxiety experienced during cannulation by dialysis patients. We recommend that clinicians apply such a simple method as listening to the sound of running water for reducing pain and anxiety during invasive procedures., (© 2024 International Society for Apheresis and Japanese Society for Apheresis.)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) burden is defined as the proportion of time the patient remains in AF over a given period of time; thus, it is theoretically highest in permanent AF and lowest in paroxysmal AF. Inflammation is associated with the initiation and maintenance of AF. However, the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and AF burden is unknown., Objective: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between SII and AF burden., Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of 453 patients (252 females and 201 males, aged 44 to 94 years) with AF (138 with paroxysmal AF and 315 with permanent AF) who visited the cardiology outpatient clinic between October 2022 and June 2023. SII was calculated as (neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes). The predictive role of SII and other inflammatory markers in the likelihood of AF pattern was evaluated by logistic regression analyses, and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: Age, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, neutrophil, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SII, C-reactive protein, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin A1c, and left atrial diameter were significantly higher in the permanent AF group. According to the logistic regression analysis, age (p = 0.038), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.024), red blood cell distribution width (p = 0.023), C-reactive protein (p = 0.010), SII (p = 0.001), and left atrial diameter (p < 0.001) significantly contributed to the prediction of the likelihood of permanent AF., Conclusion: SII is independently associated with the AF burden. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether SII may be useful in identifying patients at high risk for AF progression.