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Thiyl radicals are important reactive sulfur species and can cause cis to trans isomerization on unsaturated fatty acids. However, biocompatible strategies for the controlled generation of thiyl radicals are still lacking. In this work, we report the study of a series of naphthacyl-derived thioethers as photo-triggered thiyl radical precursors. Tertiary naphthacyl thioether was identified to be a suitable template that could be used to produce both aryl and alkyl thiyl radicals under ultraviolet (UV) light or sunlight. The effective cis-to trans-isomerization of unsaturated fatty acid models (methyl oleate, methyl linoleate) and a natural phospholipid (cardiolipin) using these photo-triggered substrates was demonstrated. This reaction was also proved to proceed effectively in cells to produce thiyl radicals and subsequent fatty acid isomerization. Additionally, the most promising thiyl radical precursor showed antiviral activity in a pseudotyped virus model, likely due to disrupting viral lipid membranes upon UV activation. These findings highlight the potential of thiyl radicals for both biochemical and antiviral applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Site-selective cleavage of the peptide backbone in proteins is an important class of post-translational modification (PTM) in nature. However, the organic chemistry for such site-selective peptide bond cleavages has yet to be fully explored. Herein, we report cysteine S -formylation as a means of selective protein backbone cleavage. We developed N -formyl sulfonylanilide as a cysteine-selective formylation reagent for peptides and proteins. Upon S -formylation with the reagent, the amide bond adjacent to the S -formylated cysteine is cleaved by hydrolysis under neutral aqueous conditions. Formylation probes bearing a protein ligand enabled the affinity-based selective cleavage of the target proteins not only in the test tube but also under biorelevant conditions such as in crude cell lysate and on the cell surface. These results demonstrate the high biocompatibility of this protein cleavage technology. A proof-of-concept study of cleavage-induced protein activation further demonstrates its utility as a platform for the functional regulation of proteins by artificial PTM.

Purpose: Controversy remains about the ideal construct for certain olecranon fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare cost-effectiveness with the value driven outcomes tool between fixation strategies of olecranon fractures., Methods: All surgically treated isolated proximal ulna fractures (CPT code 24,685) at a level 1 trauma center from 2013 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with concomitant radial/ulnar shaft fractures and ligamentous elbow injuries requiring repair were excluded. Demographics, outcomes, initial, downstream (costs secondary to index surgery), and combined cost were compared between plate andintramedullary (IM) screw constructs. Costs included charges to the hospital from facility, implant, supply, pharmacy, imaging, and other service use., Results: 102 patients with average age of 51 were included: 84 olecranon-specific plates and18 IM screws. Average follow-up was 14.62 ± 16.79 months. There were differences in CCI (p = 0.006). Plate initial and combined cost was significantly greater than an IM screw (1.26x, p = 0.007; 1.49x, p = 0.009, respectively). Using IM screws for reference and controlling for demographics and fracture patterns, treatment with a plate was more expensive at downstream and combined total cost (56.28x, p = 0.04;76.73x, p = 0.03, respectively)., Conclusion: Olecranon plate fixation is associated with increased downstream and overall cost to the healthcare system. When indicated, other forms of fixation should be considered due to lower costs while still maintaining satisfactory outcomes., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest specifically relevant to this study. Individual sources of potential conflict are as follows: Mau, Thorne, Yoo, Soule, Nelson, Torrez, Amick, Gates, Sato, Marchand have nothing to report., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunctions. These dysfunctions significantly impact the daily lives of schizophrenic patients, yet effective interventions remain scarce. In this study, we explored the effects of two enriched housing types-cognitive and physical-on cognitive dysfunctions in a rat model of schizophrenia. Male neonatal Wistar-Imamichi rats were administered MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist, twice daily from postnatal day (PND) 7 to PND 20. Physical enrichment ameliorated memory deficits in both object and place recognition tests, while cognitive enrichment primarily improved object recognition performance. Our findings suggest that exercise therapy could be a potential approach to address cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a fatal complication associated with chemotherapy. We herein report a case of TLS in a 73-year-old woman with metastatic BRAF V600E mutated colon cancer after she received combined treatment with cetuximab and encorafenib. The serum uric acid, urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were elevated on day four of the first cycle. The fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer levels were also high. Diuresis and rasburicase were initiated for TLS, and the laboratory data all normalized on day 8. Thus, the possibility of TLS being induced by targeted drugs in patients with solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, must not be overlooked.

This retrospective study aimed to kinematically classify mandibular movements collected during Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) treatment, employing Fourier transformation (FT), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and K-means clustering (k-means), and to investigate their correlation with symptoms of pain-related TMD. The study included five TMD participants diagnosed with myalgia (age: 39-86 years, with an SD of 18.96) and three healthy participants (age: 32-42 years, with an SD of 5.13) with no stomatognathic problems. TMD participants underwent tailored treatment for their symptoms, and their maximum unassisted mouth opening (MMO) was recorded randomly with a motion capture system (ARCUS digma II, Kavo, Biberach, Germany) at multiple time points. MMO for healthy participants served as a control. The dataset comprising 28 trials, was transferred to the AnyBody Modeling System (AnyBody Technology, Aalborg, Denmark) to extract joint angle time series, which were then transformed into Fourier series. Subsequently, PCA and k-means clustering were conducted. Two clusters were identified: Cluster 1, predominantly composed of symptomatic trials, and Cluster 2, mainly consisting of asymptomatic trials. Distinct transition pathways between the clusters were observed among participants, corresponding to the alleviation of pain-related symptoms during TMD treatment. These findings suggest that this approach has potential as an effective tool for diagnosing and assessing TMD by identifying symptomatic kinematic patterns and tracking temporal changes in mandibular movement. Despite the small dataset, these results suggest promise for a novel functional assessment method for TMD based on kinematic features., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)