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Background: Class V lesions present a clinical challenge due to their location at the cervical region of teeth, where factors such as microleakage and polymerization shrinkage can compromise the longevity of restorations. Self-adhesive flowable composites offer the advantage of simplified application, but their sealing ability may vary based on different restorative techniques. This in vitro study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two self-adhesive flowable composites, Clearfil S3 Universal and G-Premio Bond, when applied using various restorative techniques in Class V lesions. Materials and Methods:Eighty extracted human premolars were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with each group treated with one of the two self-adhesive flowable composites. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the teeth. Four restorative techniques were employed: Group A - Direct application of the composite; Group B - Application of the composite with a bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond); Group C - Application of the composite with selective enamel etching; Group D - Application of the composite with a dentin adhesive (G-Premio Bond) and selective enamel etching. After restoration, the teeth were subjected to thermocycling, immersed in methylene blue dye, sectioned, and evaluated for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. The extent of dye penetration was quantified and statistically analyzed.Results:The results showed that Group D, where G-Premio Bond was used with selective enamel etching, demonstrated the least dye penetration (mean value X) compared to the other groups (X1, X2, X3). The differences in sealing ability between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Clearfil S3 Universal showed better sealing ability when used with a bonding agent (Group B) compared to direct application (Group A).Conclusion:In Class V restorations, the choice of self-adhesive flowable composite and restorative technique significantly affects sealing ability. G-Premio Bond, in combination with selective enamel etching, provided superior sealing compared to other techniques. Clearfil S3 Universal performed better when used with a bonding agent. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate material and technique for Class V restorations to minimize microleakage and improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review was designed to answer the following question: Does chitosan provide better smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy than other root canal irrigants? A literature search was done using electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO host, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey from inception to June 18, 2024. The reference lists of included articles were also hand-searched. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies' eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed data extraction. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias in the selected studies. The search retrieved 2330 studies. After analysis, 36 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included, with 19 involving smear layer removal, 16 involving antibacterial efficacy, and 1 involving both. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was medium. Chitosan removed the smear layer more effectively than citric acid and acetic acid, similar to MTAD and Qmix, with conflicting results against EDTA. In addition, chitosan demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to chlorhexidine, propolis, and photodynamic therapy but was less effective than sodium hypochlorite. Based on available evidence, it was found that chitosan provided better smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy than most root canal irrigants compared in this systematic review. There was substantial heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies. As a result, this review highly recommends further research using standardized methods to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as a root canal irrigant in in-vitro studies to validate its clinical use., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.)

Background: Restorative composite resins have clinical prime importance in modern dental practice, but numerous factors influence their prognosis in the oral environment. Their interaction with oral care products, like mouthwashes, is one such factor. This study aimed to evaluate the quantifiable effects of different mouthwashes on the surface properties of the composite resin restorative material., Methodology: The method involved formulating 90 samples of nanohybrid composite resins (Medicept Dental India Private Limited, Mumbai, India). The samples were treated with 1% alcohol, without alcohol, and with a saline solution (control). Surface roughness (Ra values) and microhardness had been checked before and after an exposure period of 24 hours. Data were thus tabulated, and from that, average values of surface roughness and microhardness were derived. This data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, V. 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a t-test were used to compare the means of the variables. The level of significance was fixed at p < 0.05., Results: The surface roughness value was significantly highest in the ethanol-containing mouthwash-treated samples after 24 hours of exposure (p < 0.05). The microhardness was statistically lower in these samples (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: These research data give quantitative information, however, about the mass effect of mouthwashes on the composite resin restorative material. The presented changes, which were illustrated by the values of surface roughness and microhardness, are drawing attention to the fact that a cautious approach must be taken in the recommendations for oral care in the provision of intensive treatments with restorative composite resins., Competing Interests: Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Rekha Mallick et al.)

Background and Aim: A sessile multicellular organism that is immersed in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances and has its cells firmly attached to a surface is referred to as a microbial biofilm. When it comes to pulp and periradicular pathosis, biofilms are crucial. To reduce the number of microorganisms in the root canal and assist in treating periapical pathosis, endodontic therapy must include decontamination of the system of tooth root canals through biomechanical preparation and irrigation of the root canal. This study compares sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, curcumin, and triphala as endodontic irrigating solutions regarding their capacity to eliminate biofilm from root canals., Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients were included if they had pulpitis. Two specific samples (samples A and B) were chosen for analysis from a collection of samples so that their bacterial composition is most similar to that of acute pulpitis. The suspensions of bacterial cells from this polymicrobial culture have been collected from frozen stock and then regrown by inoculation on Columbia agar base (Basingstoke, UK) with the addition of vitamin K1, hemin, and 5% (v/v) calf blood. The pureness of the suspensions was assessed using colony morphology and Gram staining. Analytical profile index (API) 20A tests or automated test for bacteria (ATB) ID 32A tests were initially used to identify the isolates. These polymicrobial cultures' in vitro biofilms were developed using membrane filters made of cellulose nitrate. The tested irrigating solutions were as follows: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 10% triphala, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 10% povidone-iodine, and 5% curcumin (CUR). On the other hand, phosphate-buffered saline was taken as a control agent., Results: As the standard of excellence in endodontic irrigation, NaOCl has eliminated all germs in sample A following 15 minutes of culture and in both of the specimens after 40 minutes. Iodine also eliminated all germs after 40 minutes of administration, indicating that it would be worth exploring using iodine as a potential endodontic irrigant. Iodine achieved total bacterial elimination after 40 minutes in both samples; however, it was less effective after 15 minutes. Our findings indicate that iodine solution is the most suitable alternative after the supremely effective NaOCl, although it requires longer contact times to generate the necessary and recognized broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, including in the case of biofilms. Furthermore, curcumin also showed significant results after NaOCl and iodine., Conclusion: The antibacterial potency of each studied irrigant was significant, supporting their usage in endodontics. It was observed that NaOCl has the maximum antibacterial activity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Alghamdi et al.)