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While an increasing number of telecommunications firms are adopting green innovation (GI), research on the conditions under which innovation and collaboration decisions are made is still lacking. This paper proposes a mathematical model integrating innovation level, trust, and knowledge investment dimensions. Innovation and collaboration behaviors are discussed under various scenarios. A simulation is conducted with an evolutionary game theory approach to observe the effect of different parameters on innovation formation. The simulation analysis presents the optimal strategies for each scenario. Research on the green innovation behaviors of telecom operators and the impact of innovation strategies on operations and revenue have reference significance for telecom operators when it comes to selecting favorable innovation strategies, finding suitable partners and forming a relatively stable cooperative relationship in the industrial ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]