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Introduction Laser ablation using a 980‐nm wavelength diode laser, which is a new‐generation laser, for recurrent bladder cancer is known to have a lower incidence of complications and recurrence than conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor surgery. This is the first study to report the use of 980‐nm diode laser ablation for recurrent non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in Japan. Case presentation A 73‐year‐old man underwent transurethral laser ablation for the treatment of recurrent non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Laser irradiation was performed using LEONARDO DUAL (diode laser/980‐nm wavelength) and a 400‐μm BARE laser fiber. Pathological evaluation indicated low‐grade urothelial carcinoma, pTa. The patient was discharged on the second postoperative day with no perioperative or postoperative complications. Conclusion This case suggests the potential of transurethral laser ablation for treating recurrent non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.

Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine responding to oxidative stress and inflammation, and it regulates appetite and energy balance. The association between GDF15 and clinical factors and its prognostic value in elderly multimorbid patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have not been well unknown.Methods This exploratory analysis is part of the Prospective mUlticenteR obServational stUdy of patIenTs with Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction study (N=1231), an ongoing, prospective, multicentre observational study of acute decompensated HFpEF (UMIN000021831). A predefined subcohort of 212 patients underwent multi-biomarker testing. Of these, we analysed 181 patients with available GDF15 data. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and hospitalisation for HF.Results In this analysis population, the median age was 81 (75–85) years, with 48% male patients. GDF15 significantly correlated with cardiac burden, anaemia, renal dysfunction and inflammation. Notably, poor nutritional status was significantly associated with GDF15. GDF15 was linked to poor prognosis in this elderly multimorbid cohort with HFpEF (adjusted HR for log-transformed GDF15: 13.67, 95% CI: 2.78 to 67.22, p=0.001). Furthermore, GDF15 added significant incremental value to the MAGGIC risk score (net reclassification improvement=0.4955 (95% CI: 0.1367 to 0.8543), p=0.007; integrated discrimination improvement=0.0278 (95% CI: 0.0013 to 0.0543), p=0.040).Conclusions GDF15 was associated with anaemia, inflammation, renal dysfunction, cardiac burden and malnutrition. It demonstrated prognostic value in elderly multimorbid HFpEF patients, suggesting its potential role as a complementary marker for the prognostic risk assessment of HFpEF patients.Trial registration number UMIN-CTR ID: UMIN000021831.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of cancers using various calculation methods and to estimate the PAFs of cancer incidence and mortality resulting from deficit in physical activity (DPA) from 2015 to 2030, based on data on prevalence rates., Methods: The PAF of cancer was estimated using a cohort study-based meta-analysis of relative risk (RR), national prevalence rates of DPA from 2000 to 2015, and national cancer statistics from 2015 to 2030, with a latency of 15 years., Results: In 2015, DPA contributed to 909 cancer cases and 548 deaths, accounting for 0.42% and 0.68% of new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. By 2030, the PAF values are expected to increase to 1.31% of incidence and 1.80% of mortality, with a continual increase from 2015 to 2030. When the low metabolic equivalent of task (MET) criteria were selected, the PAF values decreased for both incidence and mortality. The PAF calculated with <900 MET-min/week for the sex-specific MET criterion was higher than that calculated with <900 MET-min/week for both incidence and mortality., Conclusion: The risk of cancer associated with DPA is expected to rise in both men and women. Future research and strategies should emphasize the promotion of physical activity for cancer prevention, considering its significant implications for public health.

Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess its impact on cancer incidence and mortality by estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) in the Korean population for 2015 and 2020 and by projecting future trends until 2030., Methods: The Korean relative risk (RR) was calculated via a meta-analysis of RRs for individual cancers attributed to tobacco smoking, based on primary data analysis from the Korean Cohort Consortium. The PAF was estimated using the Levin formula with past and current prevalence rates and the number of cancer cases and deaths, assuming a 15-year latency period., Results: The proportions of cancer cases and deaths in Korea attributable to tobacco smoking were similar to those calculated using Asian and global RRs for both men and women. In 2015 and 2020, tobacco smoking contributed to 14.32% and 13.17% of cancer cases and 21.70% and 20.69% of cancer deaths in adults, respectively. Among Koreans, smoking was responsible for 25.83% of new cancer cases in men in 2015, 23.49% in men in 2020, 1.46% in women in 2015, and 1.68% in women in 2020. In both years, smoking impacted mortality more strongly than incidence in Korean men and women (incidence in men: 25.83% and 23.49%; mortality in men: 32.09% and 30.41%; incidence in women: 1.46% and 1.68%; and mortality in women: 4.70% and 4.96%, respectively)., Conclusion: Tobacco smoking causes cancers and deaths in Korea, however, it is preventable. Effective control policies that consider trends and vulnerabilities among women are required.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancers, and major health organizations classify it as a carcinogen. This study assessed the impact of alcohol consumption on cancer incidence and mortality in Korea in 2015 and 2020, projected trends up to 2030, and compared results based on different criteria., Methods: The relative risk of cancer associated with alcohol consumption in Korea was determined through a meta-analysis of alcohol-related relative risks for specific cancers, using primary data from the Korean Cohort Study within the Korean Cohort Consortium. The population-attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated using Levin's formula, incorporating drinking prevalence and the number of cancer cases and deaths, with a 15-year latency period assumed., Results: In Korea, the PAF for alcohol consumption, based on ever/never drinking criteria, was higher than that calculated using other criteria, except for the PAF based on past and current/never drinking criteria. Alcohol consumption contributed to 3.58% of all cancer cases and 3.28% of cancer deaths in 2015. It accounted for 4.58% of new cancer cases in men and 2.08% in women, with a higher contribution to incidence than mortality (4.00% and 2.25% of cancer deaths in men and women, respectively). Projections indicate that alcohol-related cancer PAF will decrease by 17.2% in men but increase by 70.2% in women by 2030., Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of alcohol consumption on cancer in Korea, emphasizing the need for sex-specific regulations to address sex differences.

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., commonly known as loquat, is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. While its fruit is widely consumed as food and used in traditional medicine, research on other parts of the plant remains insufficient. Therefore, the chemical constituents and biological activities of its leaves were investigated. Phytochemical analysis of E. japonica leaves identified 30 compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and megastigmanes. The flavonoids isolated from the leaves include flavones, flavans, flavolignans, flavonoid glycosides, and coumaroyl flavonoid glycosides. Coumaroyl flavonoid rhamnosides were characteristically present in E. japonica leaves, and the configurations of coumaric acids, as well as the binding position to the rhamnose in each compound, were identified through detailed NMR analysis. Notably, three of them were isolated from this plant for the first time. Phenolic compounds were found to be present as conjugates with organic acids, such as quinic acid, shikimic acid, and glucose. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds demonstrated significant antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, whereas megastigmanes showed little activity. Notably, coumaroyl flavonoid rhamnosides, which consist of flavonoids combined with the phenolic acid, coumaric acid, exhibited excellent anti-diabetic effects. Further molecular docking analysis confirmed that these compounds effectively bind to the α-glucosidase enzyme. In conclusion, the present study identified flavonoid and phenolic components with various structures in E. japonica leaves and clarified their anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. These findings support the beneficial potential of E. japonica leaves for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic diseases.

Background & Aims: The impact of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognition remains controversial. Evidences suggest that variability based on apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and gender, given APOE ε4's influence on vitamin D metabolism and women's heightened vitamin D sensitivity. We investigated the interplay between APOE ε4, gender, and VDD in cognitive decline among older adults., Methods: In a population-based cohort of 1547 cognitively normal Koreans aged ≥60 years, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) changes were tracked biennially (2010-2020). VDD was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 10 ng/mL. Linear mixed models analyzed VDD effects, with subgroup analyses for APOE ε4 status and gender., Results: VDD was present in 21.3 % at baseline and was linked to faster MMSE decline (estimate = -0.054, 95 % CI [-0.091, -0.017], p = 0.004), particularly in APOE ε4 non-carriers (estimate = -0.070, 95 % CI [-0.112, -0.029], p = 0.001). A gender-based analysis revealed that this effect was significant only in female non-carriers (estimate = -0.097, 95 % CI [-0.156, -0.038], p = 0.001). Conversely, male non-carriers demonstrated an absence of a statistically significant association (estimate = -0.017, 95 % CI [-0.076, 0.041], p = 0.562)., Conclusions: VDD accelerates cognitive decline in cognitively normal APOE ε4 non-carriers, particularly women, underscoring the importance of tailored prevention strategies., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)

The construction of thin film heterostructures has been a widely successful archetype for fabricating materials with emergent physical properties. This strategy is of particular importance for the design of multilayer magnetic architectures in which direct interfacial spin-spin interactions between magnetic phases in dissimilar layers lead to emergent and controllable magnetic behavior. However, crystallographic incommensurability and atomic-scale interfacial disorder can severely limit the types of materials amenable to this strategy, as well as the performance of these systems. Here, we demonstrate a method for synthesizing heterostructures comprising magnetic intercalation compounds of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), through directed topotactic reaction of the TMD with a metal oxide. The mechanism of the intercalation reaction enables thermally initiated intercalation of the TMD from lithographically patterned oxide films, giving access to a family of multi-component magnetic architectures through the combination of deterministic van der Waals assembly and directed intercalation chemistry., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Organic dyes play a crucial role in live-cell imaging because of their advantageous properties, such as photostability and high brightness. Here we introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555), which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure in which, on one side, the indole in the conventional Cyanine-3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline. PF555 provides a powerful tool for long-term live-cell single-molecule imaging, as demonstrated by the imaging of the dynamic single-molecule interactions of the epidermal growth factor receptor with clathrin-coated structures on the plasma membrane of a live cell under physiological conditions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Y.-T.C., S.H.L., H.M.T., D.-H.K. and S.H.R. are inventors on a patent application (10-2023-0150395). The other authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Adenophora triphylla yielded a new phenylpropanoid, adenophoride ( 1 ) and a new polyacetylene, adenylene ( 7 ) along with four phenylpropanoids and a polyacetylene. The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including NMR, MS, UV and IR. Among the isolated compounds, phenylpropanoids including a new compound showed mild α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

Correlated metals may exhibit unusually high resistivity that increases linearly in temperature, breaking through the Mott-Ioffe-Regel bound, above which coherent quasiparticles are destroyed. The fate of collective charge excitations, or plasmons, in these systems is a subject of debate. Several studies have suggested that plasmons are overdamped, whereas other studies have detected propagating plasmons. In this work, we present direct nano-optical images of low-loss hyperbolic plasmon polaritons (HPPs) in the correlated van der Waals metal MoOCl 2 . HPPs are plasmon-photon modes that waveguide through extremely anisotropic media and are remarkably long-lived in MoOCl 2 . Photoemission data presented here reveal a highly anisotropic Fermi surface, reconstructed and made partly incoherent, likely through electronic interactions as explained by many-body theory. HPPs remain long-lived despite this, revealing previously unseen imprints of many-body effects on plasmonic collective modes.