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Abstract Methane hydrates on continental margins sequester substantial amounts of methane. Ocean warming often triggers hydrate dissociation, influencing global climate and marine ecosystems. Here we use ocean reanalysis to investigate bottom marine heatwaves affecting methane seeps at the Northwest Atlantic continental margin. These heatwaves are driven by downward displacement of ocean subsurface isopycnals that brings anomalously warm water to the seafloor, which frequently lacked surface expressions. The isopycnal anomalies are generated by the interaction of Gulf Stream mesoscale activity and slope topography, including warm core ring intrusions and impingements at the tail of the Grand Banks. Once generated, the isopycnal anomalies propagate along the slope and affect the seep area via topographic Rossby waves, offering predictability for bottom marine heatwaves. A northward shift and increasing instability of the Gulf Stream has intensified bottom marine heatwaves at the seep area since 2009, and future climate change will likely exacerbate this trend.

Abstract While data-driven approaches demonstrate great potential in atmospheric modeling and weather forecasting, ocean modeling poses distinct challenges due to complex bathymetry, land, vertical structure, and flow non-linearity. This study introduces OceanNet, a principled neural operator-based digital twin for regional sea-suface height emulation. OceanNet uses a Fourier neural operator and predictor-evaluate-corrector integration scheme to mitigate autoregressive error growth and enhance stability over extended time scales. A spectral regularizer counteracts spectral bias at smaller scales. OceanNet is applied to the northwest Atlantic Ocean western boundary current (the Gulf Stream), focusing on the task of seasonal prediction for Loop Current eddies and the Gulf Stream meander. Trained using historical sea surface height (SSH) data, OceanNet demonstrates competitive forecast skill compared to a state-of-the-art dynamical ocean model forecast, reducing computation by 500,000 times. These accomplishments demonstrate initial steps for physics-inspired deep neural operators as cost-effective alternatives to high-resolution numerical ocean models.

Abstract This is the protocol for a Campbell Systematic Review. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this systematic review is to advance our understanding of the key characteristics of effective preschool‐based interventions designed to foster self‐regulation. To accomplish this, the review addresses the following questions: 1. What types of preschool‐based interventions have been developed to promote self‐regulation? 2. What is the average effect of these preschool‐based interventions on self‐regulation, focusing on four key constructs: integrative effortful control, integrative executive function, self‐regulation, and self‐regulated learning? 3. What characteristics—such as Resource Allocation, Activity Type, and Instruction Method—could potentially contribute to the effects of preschool‐based interventions in promoting self‐regulation?

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science. It discusses the importance of understanding and predicting the ocean dynamics in the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico has been a focus of research due to its significance in maritime transportation, the petroleum industry, and its impact on regional ecosystems, weather, and climate. The editorial highlights recent research efforts to improve understanding and forecasting capabilities of the Gulf of Mexico circulation, particularly the Loop Current and its associated eddies. The document also mentions collaborative research programs and initiatives aimed at reducing risks to offshore energy exploration, forecasting hurricane intensification, and managing fisheries. The editorial concludes by summarizing the articles included in the research topic, which provide new insights into the Gulf of Mexico circulation and its impacts on ecosystems, climate, and weather. The authors express their hope that these articles will contribute to a greater understanding and skillful prediction of the Gulf of Mexico system. [Extracted from the article]