65 results on '"Rose N"'
Search Results
2. Augmenting ESM-based Mental Health Assessment using Affective Ising Model
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Tongco-Rosario, Gina Rose N., primary and Soriano, Jaymar, additional
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- 2024
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3. Outcomes of the Dulce Digital-COVID Aware (DD-CA) discharge texting platform for US/Mexico border Hispanic individuals with diabetes
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Spierling Bagsic, Samantha R., Fortmann, Addie L., San Diego, Emily Rose N., Soriano, Emily C., Belasco, Rebekah, Sandoval, Haley, Bastian, Alessandra, Padilla Neely, Olivia M., Talavera, Laura, Leven, Eric, Evancha, Nicole, and Philis-Tsimikas, Athena
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- 2024
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4. Himatanthus bracteatus stem bark ethanolic extract obtained by sequential pressurized liquid extraction: Chromatographic characterization and profiling of cytotoxic, antitumoral and immunopharmacological properties
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Pereira-Filho, Rose N., Gonçalves-Júnior, Wilson D., dos Santos-Neto, Agenor G., Cunha, John L.S., de Almeida, Oslei P., Andrade, Luciana N., Droppa-Almeida, Daniela, Amaral, Ricardo G., Dariva, Cláudio, Cardoso, Juliana C., Severino, Patricia, Souto, Eliana B., and de Albuquerque-Júnior, Ricardo L.C.
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- 2024
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5. Epekto Ng Paglaganap Ng Wikang Balbal: Isang Kamalayan Na Magagamit Ng Mga Mag-Aaral Sa Programang Pampaaralan
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Catalan, Nathalia Grace C., Dialino, Rose N., Dizon, Francis Leah H., Lambot, Isabelita T., Ursal, Jessa C., Rilon Jr.,MAEd., G. Dominador J., Catalan, Nathalia Grace C., Dialino, Rose N., Dizon, Francis Leah H., Lambot, Isabelita T., Ursal, Jessa C., and Rilon Jr.,MAEd., G. Dominador J.
- Abstract
Sa panahon ngayon ang wikang “balbal” ay isa sa mga wikang madalas na ginagamit ng mga kabataan sa larangan ng komunikasyon, masasabing naging maunlad ang wika sa Pilipinas dahil sa patuloy na pagbabago. Ang wikang balbal ay dapat nating pagtuunan ng pansin sapagkat maaari itong magdulot sa atin ng negatibo at positibong epekto. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay may tunguhing pag-aralan ang Epekto ng paglaganap ng wikang balbal sa mga mag-aaral sa kolehiyo ng Bestlink College of the Philippines. Kaya’t layunin ng mga mananaliksik na matuklasan kung bakit patuloy itong ginagamit ng mga Pilipino sa larangan ng komunikasyon. Layunin din ng mga mananaliksik na makatulong ang pag-aaral sa mga kabataan na mas maging malawak ang pag-unawa hinggil sa wika. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay hinggil sa Epekto ng Paglaganap ng Wikang Balbal: Isang kamalayan na magagamit ng mga mag-aaral sa programang pampaaralan. Ang mga mananaliskik ay gagamit ng deskriptibong pamamaraan sa talatanungan upang makalikom ng datos. Ang naging respondente ng pag-aaral na ito ang pagtukoy sa apatnapu (40) na napili mula sa Ikatlong taon ng mag-aaral sa Kolehiyo ng Bestlink College of the Philippines. Ang mananaliksik ay gumamit ng simple random sampling technique para sa pagpili ng respondente. Ang instrumentong ginamit sa pananaliksik upang makakalap ng datos na kakailanganin sa pag- aaral ay ang talatanungan at pakikipanayam upang makakalap ng datos mula sa respondente. Ang mga mananaliksik ay gumamit ng pagbabagi ng mga talatanungan upang makakalap ng kasapatang datos na hahanguan ng interpretasyong nang sa gayon ay makamit ang layunin ng pananaliksik. Batay sa isinagawang sarbey, mayroong apatnapu (40) piling mga mag-aaral ang nagbigay tugon sa talatanungan ibinahagi ng mga mananaliksik. Samakatuwid, ang naging kasagutan ng mga respondente, nakabuo ng interpretasyon ang mga mananaliksik patungkol sa paksang napiling pag-aralan. Nang matapos ang pagsasarbey, ang mga mananaliksik ay gumamit ng istatistikal na pamam
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- 2024
6. First recorded presence of anthropogenic fly-ash particles in coral skeletons
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Roberts, L.R., Kersting, Diego K., Zinke, J., Rose, N. L., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Roberts, L.R., Kersting, Diego K., Zinke, J., and Rose, N. L.
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Fly-ash particles formed during industrial fossil-fuel combustion show a globally observed rapid increase in concentration within natural archives post-1950 and have been proposed as a marker for the Anthropocene Epoch. Here, we present the first record of fly-ash particles incorporated into coral skeletons. Particles are present in Mediterranean corals between CE 1957 and 1992 at concentrations of 8–30 g−1 coral, mirroring the period of increased industrial activity in the area, and corroborating with spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) records globally. The findings have important implications for the use of SCPs as markers in natural archives. With the exception of microplastics, this is the first evidence of particulate contamination in corals collected from natural environments. Further research is needed to understand incorporation pathways into coral skeletons, any subsequent ecotoxicological impact of contaminants, and the influence on overall coral health globally.
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- 2024
7. Associations Between Sociodemographic Variables, Social Determinants of Health, and Diabetes: Findings From a Congregational Health Needs Assessment.
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San Diego, Emily Rose N., West, Nathan T., Pichon, Latrice C., Jiang, Yu, Powell, Terrinieka W., Rugless, Fedoria, Lewis, Jonathan, Campbell, Bettina, McCann, Lauren, McNeals, Sterling, and Harmon, Brook E.
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COMMUNITY-based participatory research , *RACE , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *NEEDS assessment , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *PARISH nursing - Abstract
Purpose: To examine associations between sociodemographic variables, social determinants of health (SDOHs) and diabetes using health needs assessment data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Faith-based communities in the Mid-South U.S. Sample: Of the 378 churches, 92 participated in the study (24% response rate); N = 828 church leaders and members completed the survey. Measure: The Mid-South Congregational Health Survey assessed perceived health-related needs of congregations and the communities they serve. Analysis: Generalized linear mixed modeling examined the associations between sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level), SDOHs (affordable healthcare, healthy food, employment), and diabetes. Results: Individuals with less education had lower odds of reporting all SDOHs as health needs compared to individuals with more education (ORrange =.59-.63). Men had lower odds of reporting diabetes as a health need or concern compared to women (OR =.70; 95% CI =.50,.97). African Americans had greater odds of reporting diabetes as a health need compared to individuals in the 'Other' race/ethnicity category (OR = 3.91; 95% CI = 2.20, 6.94). Individuals who reported affordable healthcare (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.73, 3.72), healthy food (OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.55, 3.24), and employment (OR = 3.33; 95% CI = 2.29, 4.84) as health needs had greater odds of reporting diabetes as a health need compared to those who did not report these SDOHs as needs. Conclusions: Future studies should evaluate strategies to merge healthcare and faith-based organizations' efforts to address SDOHs impacting diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Crystal structure of scFv ATOR 1017 bound to human 4-1BB
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Hakansson, M., primary, Von Schantz, L., additional, and Rose, N., additional
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- 2024
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9. Nationwide surveillance identifies yellow fever and chikungunya viruses transmitted by various species ofAedesmosquitoes in Nigeria
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Nwangwu, Udoka C., primary, Oguzie, Judith U., additional, Nwachukwu, William E., additional, Onwude, Cosmas O., additional, Dogunro, Festus A., additional, Diallo, Mawlouth, additional, Ezihe, Chukwuebuka K., additional, Agashi, Nneka O., additional, Eloy, Emelda I., additional, Anokwu, Stephen O., additional, Anioke, Clementina C., additional, Ikechukwu, Linda C., additional, Nwosu, Chukwuebuka M., additional, Nwaogo, Oscar N., additional, Ngwu, Ifeoma M., additional, Onyeanusi, Rose N., additional, Okoronkwo, Angela I., additional, Orizu, Francis U., additional, Etiki, Monica O., additional, Onuora, Esther N., additional, Adeorike, Sobajo Tope, additional, Okeke, Peter C., additional, Chukwuekezie, Okechukwu C., additional, Ochu, Josephine C., additional, Ibrahim, Sulaiman S., additional, Ifedayo, Adetifa, additional, Ihekweazu, Chikwe, additional, and Happi, Christian T., additional
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- 2024
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10. Perceived Health Needs of Church Leaders and Members: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Mid-South Congregational Health Survey.
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West, Nathan T., Pichon, Latrice C., Ward, Kenneth D., Rose N. San Diego, Emily, Ray, Meredith, Rugless, Fedoria, Powell, Terrinieka W., Campbell, Bettina, Lewis, Jonathan C., McCann, Lauren, McNeal, Sterling, and Harmon, Brook E.
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HYPERTENSION ,OBESITY ,CLERGY ,HEALTH services accessibility ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SELF-evaluation ,DIABETES ,MEMBERSHIP ,MENTAL depression ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ANXIETY ,NATURAL foods ,ODDS ratio ,NEEDS assessment ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,HEALTH promotion ,SECONDARY analysis ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,CHURCH buildings ,HEART diseases - Abstract
Needs assessments have been successful in helping communities and congregations focus their health ministry efforts; however, most have used leader perceptions of congregational health needs. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the self-reported needs of both church leaders and members to be addressed by their congregation. Church leaders (n = 369) and members (n = 459) from 92 congregations completed the 2019 Mid-South Congregational Health Survey. Frequencies and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were performed to examine the top 10 self-reported needs and associations by church role, respectively. Of the top 10 congregational needs, anxiety or depression, high blood pressure, stress, and healthy foods were ranked identically regardless of church role. Church leaders perceived obesity and diabetes to be important congregational health needs, whereas members perceived affordable health care and heart disease to be important congregational health needs. GLMM, controlling for within-church clustering and covariates, revealed church leaders were more likely than members to report obesity (odds ratio [ OR ]: 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.39, 2.67], p <.0001) and diabetes (OR : 1.73, 95% CI = [1.24, 2.41], p =.001) as congregational needs. Findings display similarities and differences in needs reported by church role. Including many perspectives when conducting congregational health needs assessments will assist the development of effective faith-based health promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Melden von Near Misses im Krankenhaus
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Rose, N. and Hess, U.
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Zusammenfassung: In Krankenhäusern ereignen sich tagtäglich patientengefährdende oder -schädigende Zwischenfälle, von denen etwa 50% vermeidbar wären. Ärzte, Pflegende und andere Berufsfachleute suchen nach nützlichen und wirtschaftlichen Instrumenten, um unerwünschte Ereignisse erkennen, bewerten, analysieren und zukünftig verhindern zu können. Krankenhausweite Meldesysteme wie das Critical Incident Reporting System (CIRS) und andere Meldesysteme sind ein Erfolg versprechender Ansatz zum Einstieg in ein klinisches Risikomanagement. Der Fachbereich Onkologie des Kantonsspitals St.Gallen ist einer von 26 Meldekreisen, in denen das CIRS mit einem konzeptionellen Ansatz unternehmensweit eingeführt wurde. Über 5000 CIRS-Meldungen (392 Onkologie) mit 585 umgesetzten Verbesserungsmaßnahmen (42 Onkologie) resultierten seit 2003 aus diesem CIRS. Durch vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen konnte eine Sicherheitskultur aufgebaut werden, die sich auf die Bearbeitung von Fehlern mit oder ohne Schäden positiv auswirkt. In einem Meldeportal® wurde allen Mitarbeitenden das Melden im CIRS und weiteren Meldesystemen (z. B. Sturz-, Hämo-, Pharmako- und Materiovigilanz) leicht zugänglich gemacht.
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- 2024
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12. Development of an online authentic radiology viewing and reporting platform to test the skills of radiology trainees in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Hubert Vesselle, Justy Antony Chiramal, Stephen E. Hawes, Eric Schulze, Tham Nguyen, Rose Ndumia, and Sudhir Vinayak
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Medical imaging education ,Post-graduate physician remote testing ,Authentic radiology practice evaluation ,Novel scoring methods ,Identification of educational needs ,LMICs ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Diagnostic radiology residents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may have to provide significant contributions to the clinical workload before the completion of their residency training. Because of time constraints inherent to the delivery of acute care, some of the most clinically impactful diagnostic radiology errors arise from the use of Computed Tomography (CT) in the management of acutely ill patients. As a result, it is paramount to ensure that radiology trainees reach adequate skill levels prior to assuming independent on-call responsibilities. We partnered with the radiology residency program at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi (Kenya) to evaluate a novel cloud-based testing method that provides an authentic radiology viewing and interpretation environment. It is based on Lifetrack, a unique Google Chrome-based Picture Archiving and Communication System, that enables a complete viewing environment for any scan, and provides a novel report generation tool based on Active Templates which are a patented structured reporting method. We applied it to evaluate the skills of AKUHN trainees on entire CT scans representing the spectrum of acute non-trauma abdominal pathology encountered in a typical on-call setting. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of remotely testing the authentic practice of radiology and to show that important observations can be made from such a Lifetrack-based testing approach regarding the radiology skills of an individual practitioner or of a cohort of trainees. Methods A total of 13 anonymized trainees with experience from 12 months to over 4 years took part in the study. Individually accessing the Lifetrack tool they were tested on 37 abdominal CT scans (including one normal scan) over six 2-hour sessions on consecutive days. All cases carried the same clinical history of acute abdominal pain. During each session the trainees accessed the corresponding Lifetrack test set using clinical workstations, reviewed the CT scans, and formulated an opinion for the acute diagnosis, any secondary pathology, and incidental findings on the scan. Their scan interpretations were composed using the Lifetrack report generation system based on active templates in which segments of text can be selected to assemble a detailed report. All reports generated by the trainees were scored on four different interpretive components: (a) acute diagnosis, (b) unrelated secondary diagnosis, (c) number of missed incidental findings, and (d) number of overcalls. A 3-score aggregate was defined from the first three interpretive elements. A cumulative score modified the 3-score aggregate for the negative effect of interpretive overcalls. Results A total of 436 scan interpretations and scores were available from 13 trainees tested on 37 cases. The acute diagnosis score ranged from 0 to 1 with a mean of 0.68 ± 0.36 and median of 0.78 (IQR: 0.5-1), and there were 436 scores. An unrelated secondary diagnosis was present in 11 cases, resulting in 130 secondary diagnosis scores. The unrelated secondary diagnosis score ranged from 0 to 1, with mean score of 0.48 ± 0.46 and median of 0.5 (IQR: 0–1). There were 32 cases with incidental findings, yielding 390 scores for incidental findings. The number of missed incidental findings ranged from 0 to 5 with a median at 1 (IQR: 1–2). The incidental findings score ranged from 0 to 1 with a mean of 0.4 ± 0.38 and median of 0.33 (IQR: 0- 0.66). The number of overcalls ranged from 0 to 3 with a median at 0 (IQR: 0–1) and a mean of 0.36 ± 0.63. The 3-score aggregate ranged from 0 to 100 with a mean of 65.5 ± 32.5 and median of 77.3 (IQR: 45.0, 92.5). The cumulative score ranged from − 30 to 100 with a mean of 61.9 ± 35.5 and median of 71.4 (IQR: 37.4, 92.0). The mean acute diagnosis scores and SD by training period were 0.62 ± 0.03, 0.80 ± 0.05, 0.71 ± 0.05, 0.58 ± 0.07, and 0.66 ± 0.05 for trainees with ≤ 12 months, 12–24 months, 24–36 months, 36–48 months and > 48 months respectively. The mean acute diagnosis score of 12–24 months training was the only statistically significant greater score when compared to ≤ 12 months by the ANOVA with Tukey testing (p = 0.0002). We found a similar trend with distribution of 3-score aggregates and cumulative scores. There were no significant associations when the training period was categorized as less than and more than 2 years. We looked at the distribution of the 3-score aggregate versus the number of overcalls by trainee, and we found that the 3-score aggregate was inversely related to the number of overcalls. Heatmaps and raincloud plots provided an illustrative means to visualize the relative performance of trainees across cases. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of remotely testing the authentic practice of radiology and showed that important observations can be made from our Lifetrack-based testing approach regarding radiology skills of an individual or a cohort. From observed weaknesses areas for targeted teaching can be implemented, and retesting could reveal their impact. This methodology can be customized to different LMIC environments and expanded to board certification examinations.
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- 2024
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13. Prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use among adolescents living in urban slums of Kampala, Uganda
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Hellen Kalungi, Onesmus Kamacooko, Jane Frances Lunkuse, Joy Namutebi, Rose Naluwooza, Matt A. Price, Eugene Ruzagira, and Yunia Mayanja
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Adolescents ,Illicit drug use ,High-risk alcohol use ,Urban slums ,Kampala ,Sub-saharan Africa ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use among adolescents leads to poor health outcomes. We enrolled adolescents from urban slums in Kampala, Uganda, to assess baseline prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug and high-risk alcohol consumption. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data collected in a cohort that enrolled 14-19-year-old male and female participants from 25 March 2019 to 30 March 2020. Data was collected on social demographics, sexual behavior, and reproductive health using interviewer-administered questionnaires. The main outcomes were illicit drug use and high-risk alcohol use. Data on alcohol use was collected using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT); results were dichotomized. Factors associated with each outcome were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results We enrolled 490 participants (60.6% female) with a median age of 18 (IQR 17–18) years, 84.9% had less than secondary education, 48.4% had their sexual debut before 15 years, 47.1% reported paid sex in the past 3 months and 22.8% had a sexually transmitted infection (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and active syphilis) baseline characteristics associated with illicit drug use in the past 3 months were male gender (aOR 12.45; 95% CI 7.21–21.50) being married (aOR 2.26; 95%CI 1.03–4.94) 10 or more paying sexual partners (aOR 2.45; 95%CI 1.05–5.69) and high-risk alcohol use (aOR 3.94; 95%CI 2.10–7.40), baseline characteristics associated with high-risk alcohol use were male gender (aOR 0.29; 95% CI 0.13–0.63) emotional violence from sexual partners (aOR 2.35; 95%CI 1.32–418) illicit drug users com (aOR 3.94; 95% CI 2.10–7.40). Conclusion Illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use are prevalent among male adolescents and adolescents involved in high-risk sexual behavior living in the urban slums of Kampala.
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- 2024
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14. Revisiting the taxonomy and molecular systematics of Sesamia stemborers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameini: Sesamiina): updated classification and comparative evaluation of species delimitation methods
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Noémie M. C. Hévin, Gael J. Kergoat, Alberto Zilli, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Michel Sezonlin, Desmond Conlong, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Rose Ndemah, Philippe Le Gall, Domingos Cugala, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku, Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Onésime Mubenga Kandonda, Grégoire Bani, Richard Molo, Gilson Chipabika, George Ong’amo, Anne-Laure Clamens, Jérôme Barbut, and Bruno Le Ru
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Science - Abstract
In this study, we reassess the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sesamia Guenée, 1852 and examine in more detail the members of the nonagrioides species group, for which three distinct species complexes are identified. The calamistis subgroup comprises eight species, of which four new species are described: Sesamia kabirara Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia kalale Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia mapalense Le Ru sp. nov. and Sesamia teke Le Ru sp. nov. The incerta subgroup consists of 11 species, of which four new species are described: Sesamia kamba Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia lalaci Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia lusese Le Ru sp. nov. and Sesamia msowero Le Ru sp. nov. The nonagrioides subgroup comprises ten species of which two new species are described: Sesamia libode Le Ru sp. nov. and Sesamia satauensis Le Ru sp. nov. Phylogenetic and molecular species delimitation analyses of a multi-marker molecular dataset allow us to investigate and clarify the status of Sesamia species and species complexes. Our results yield a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, which supports the monophyletic nature of all but one species subgroup. The results of 16 distinct molecular species delimitation analyses show some levels of incongruence and, overall, a tendency towards over-splitting. We also present an updated list of species for the genus Sesamia and provide morphological keys based on male and female genitalia to determine the species group of any Sesamia species and to identify all species belonging to the nonagrioides species group.
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- 2024
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15. Botanical Control of Multiple Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Clarias gariepinus
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Chika Bright Ikele, Onyeka Michael Ikele, Nkiruka Francisca Oparaku, Rose Nduka Obiezue, Ikem Chris Okoye, George Promise, Nnadi Uche, and Adaeze Arinze
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moringa oleifera ,antibiotic resistance ,pseudomonas aeruginosa ,clariasgariepinus ,histopathology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which can cause opportunistic infections in fishes. Ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was used in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected Clarias gariepinus for a period of 10 days. Pathogen-free Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (n=120) were randomly distributed into four different groups (A-D). Group A, Infected Clarias gariepinus without treatment; group B, Infected Clarias gariepinus treated with ciprofloxacin 250 mg/mL); group C, Infected Clarias gariepinus treated with 500 mg/L Moringa oleifera extract; and group D, Infected Clarias gariepinus treated with 1500 mg/L Moringa oleifera extract. A 0.1 mL aliquot of 7.2×105 CFU/mL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture was intra-peritoneally injected into the body of the fingerlings to induce infection. The gill of fish was excised, homogenized and centrifuged to ascertain oxidative stress, while histological examination followed thereafter. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract was 125 mg/mL while the minimum bactericidal concentration was at 500 mg/mL. Gross morphology examination showed hemorrhage in the gill and mouth, and swollen abdomen, after 72 h of infection. The weight of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected Clarias gariepinus before and after treatment showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the groups. There was significant (p
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- 2024
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16. Sudan virus disease super-spreading, Uganda, 2022
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Allan Komakech, Shannon Whitmer, Jonathan Izudi, Charles Kizito, Mackline Ninsiima, Sherry R. Ahirirwe, Zainah Kabami, Alex R. Ario, Daniel Kadobera, Benon Kwesiga, Samuel Gidudu, Richard Migisha, Issa Makumbi, Daniel Eurien, Joshua Kayiwa, Lilian Bulage, Doreen N. Gonahasa, Irene Kyamwine, Paul E. Okello, Hildah T. Nansikombi, Immaculate Atuhaire, Alice Asio, Sarah Elayeete, Edirisa J. Nsubuga, Veronica Masanja, Stella M. Migamba, Patience Mwine, Petranilla Nakamya, Rose Nampeera, Andrew Kwiringira, Rebecca Akunzirwe, Helen Nelly Naiga, Saudah K. Namubiru, Brian Agaba, Jane Frances Zalwango, Marie Gorreti Zalwango, Patrick King, Brenda Nakafeero Simbwa, Robert Zavuga, Mercy Wendy Wanyana, Thomas Kiggundu, Lawrence Oonyu, Alex Ndyabakira, Mariam Komugisha, Brian Kibwika, Innocent Ssemanda, Yasin Nuwamanya, Adams Kamukama, Dorothy Aanyu, Dominic Kizza, Daniel Okello Ayen, Sophia Mulei, Stephen Balinandi, Luke Nyakarahuka, Jimmy Baluku, Jackson Kyondo, Alex Tumusiime, Dativa Aliddeki, Ben Masiira, Esther Muwanguzi, Ivan Kimuli, Daniel Bulwadda, Herbert Isabirye, Deborah Aujo, Arthur Kasambula, Solome Okware, Emmanuel Ochien, Innocent Komakech, Charles Okot, Mary Choi, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Carrie Eggers, John D. Klena, Modupe O. Osinubi, Katrin S. Sadigh, Mary C. Worrell, Amy L. Boore, Trevor Shoemaker, Joel M. Montgomery, Susan N. Nabadda, Michael Mwanga, Allan N. Muruta, and Julie R. Harris
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Ebola ,Super-spreaders ,Sudan virus disease ,Uganda ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background On 20 September 2022, Uganda declared its fifth Sudan virus disease (SVD) outbreak, culminating in 142 confirmed and 22 probable cases. The reproductive rate (R) of this outbreak was 1.25. We described persons who were exposed to the virus, became infected, and they led to the infection of an unusually high number of cases during the outbreak. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we defined a super-spreader person (SSP) as any person with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SVD linked to the infection of ≥ 13 other persons (10-fold the outbreak R). We reviewed illness narratives for SSPs collected through interviews. Whole-genome sequencing was used to support epidemiologic linkages between cases. Results Two SSPs (Patient A, a 33-year-old male, and Patient B, a 26-year-old male) were identified, and linked to the infection of one probable and 50 confirmed secondary cases. Both SSPs lived in the same parish and were likely infected by a single ill healthcare worker in early October while receiving healthcare. Both sought treatment at multiple health facilities, but neither was ever isolated at an Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU). In total, 18 secondary cases (17 confirmed, one probable), including three deaths (17%), were linked to Patient A; 33 secondary cases (all confirmed), including 14 (42%) deaths, were linked to Patient B. Secondary cases linked to Patient A included family members, neighbours, and contacts at health facilities, including healthcare workers. Those linked to Patient B included healthcare workers, friends, and family members who interacted with him throughout his illness, prayed over him while he was nearing death, or exhumed his body. Intensive community engagement and awareness-building were initiated based on narratives collected about patients A and B; 49 (96%) of the secondary cases were isolated in an ETU, a median of three days after onset. Only nine tertiary cases were linked to the 51 secondary cases. Sequencing suggested plausible direct transmission from the SSPs to 37 of 39 secondary cases with sequence data. Conclusion Extended time in the community while ill, social interactions, cross-district travel for treatment, and religious practices contributed to SVD super-spreading. Intensive community engagement and awareness may have reduced the number of tertiary infections. Intensive follow-up of contacts of case-patients may help reduce the impact of super-spreading events.
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- 2024
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17. CO139 Comparative Effectiveness of Rapid Vs. Non-Rapid Start of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
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Schmutz, H., Duong, K., Ben-Umeh, K.., Duru, E., Trom, C., Rose, N., Chaiyakunapruk, N., and Willis, C.
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- 2024
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18. Time to care and factors influencing appropriate Sudan virus disease care among case patients in Uganda, September to November 2022
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Rebecca Akunzirwe, Simone Carter, Brenda N. Simbwa, Mercy W. Wanyana, Sherry R. Ahirirwe, Saudah K. Namubiru, Mackline Ninsiima, Allan Komakech, Alex R. Ario, Daniel Kadobera, Benon Kwesiga, Richard Migisha, Lilian Bulage, Helen N. Naiga, Jane F. Zalwango, Brian Agaba, Zainah Kabami, Marie G. Zalwango, Patrick King, Thomas Kiggundu, Peter C. Kawungezi, Doreen N. Gonahasa, Irene B. Kyamwine, Immaculate Atuhaire, Alice Asio, Sarah Elayeete, Edirisa J. Nsubuga, Veronica Masanja, Stella M. Migamba, Petranilla Nakamya, Rose Nampeera, Andrew Kwiringira, Mary Choi, Terrence Lo, and Julie R. Harris
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Ebola ,Healthcare seeking behavior ,Outbreak ,Uganda ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: Early isolation and care for Ebola disease patients at Ebola Treatment Units (ETU) curb outbreak spread. We evaluated time to ETU entry and associated factors during the 2022 Sudan virus disease (SVD) outbreak in Uganda. Methods: We included persons with RT-PCR-confirmed SVD with onset September 20-November 30, 2022. We categorized days from symptom onset to ETU entry (“delays”) as short (≤2), moderate (3-5), and long (≥6); the latter two were “delayed isolation.” We categorized symptom onset timing as “earlier” or “later,” using October 15 as a cut-off. We assessed demographics, symptom onset timing, and awareness of contact status as predictors for delayed isolation. We explored reasons for early vs late isolation using key informant interviews. Results: Among 118 case-patients, 25 (21%) had short, 43 (36%) moderate, and 50 (43%) long delays. Seventy-five (64%) had symptom onset later in the outbreak. Earlier symptom onset increased risk of delayed isolation (crude risk ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (1.2-2.8]). Awareness of contact status and SVD symptoms, and belief that early treatment-seeking was lifesaving facilitated early care-seeking. Patients with long delays reported fear of ETUs and lack of transport as contributors. Conclusion: Delayed isolation was common early in the outbreak. Strong contact tracing and community engagement could expedite presentation to ETUs.
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- 2024
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19. A Review on Automated Detection and Assessment of Fruit Damage Using Machine Learning
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Yonasi Safari, Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende, Rose Nakasi, and Rose Nakibuule
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Fruit damage detection ,classification ,deep learning ,image analysis ,segmentation ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Automation improves the quality of fruits through quick and accurate detection of pest and disease infections, thus contributing to the country’s economic growth and productivity. Although humans can identify the fruit damage caused by pests and diseases, the methods used are inconsistent, time-consuming, and variable. The surface features of fruits typically observed by consumers who seek their health benefits affect their market value. The issue of pest and disease infections further deteriorates fruits’ quality, becoming a mounting stressor on farmers since they reduce the potential revenue from fruit production, processing, and export. This article reviews various studies on detecting and classifying damages in fruits. Specifically, we review articles where state-of-the-art approaches under segmentation, image processing, machine learning, and deep learning have proved effective in developing automated systems that address hurdles associated with manual methods of assessing damage using visual experiences. This survey reviews thirty-two journal and conference papers from the past thirteen years that were found electronically through Google Scholar, Scopus, IEEE, ScienceDirect, and standard online searches. This survey further presents a detailed discussion of previous research done in the past while emphasizing their strengths and limitations as well as outlining potential future research topics. It also reveals that much as the use of automated detection and classification of fruit damage has yielded promising results in the horticulture industry, more research is still needed with systems required to fully automate the detection and classification processes, especially those that are mobile phone-based towards addressing occlusion challenges.
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- 2024
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20. Understanding health systems challenges in providing Advanced HIV Disease (AHD) care in a hub and spoke model: a qualitative analysis to improve AHD care program in Malawi
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Thulani Maphosa, Lise Denoeud-Ndam, Lester Kapanda, Sarah Khatib, Lloyd Chilikutali, Eddington Matiya, Boswell Munthali, Rosalia Dambe, Brown Chiwandira, Bilaal Wilson, Rose Nyirenda, Laywell Nyirenda, Bongani Chikwapulo, Owen Madeira Musopole, Appolinaire Tiam, and Leila Katirayi
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HIV ,Advanced HIV ,Health systems challenges ,Hub and spoke model ,Malawi ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Despite tremendous progress in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and access to ART, many patients have advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease (AHD). Patients on AHD, whether initiating ART or providing care after disengagement, have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) launched an enhanced care package using a hub-and-spoke model to optimize AHD care in Malawi. This model improves supply availability and appropriate linkage to care. We utilized a hub-and-spoke model to share health facility challenges and recommendations on the AHD package for screening and diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment, and adherence support. Methods This qualitative study assessed the facility-level experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) and lay cadres (LCs) providing AHD services to patients through an intervention package. The study population included HCWs and LCs supporting HIV care at four intervention sites. Eligible study participants were recruited by trained Research Assistants with support from the health facility nurse to identify those most involved in supporting patients with AHD. A total of 32 in-depth interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis identified recurrent themes and patterns across participants’ responses. Results While HCWs and LCs stated that most medications are often available at both hub and spoke sites, they reported that there are sometimes limited supplies and equipment to run samples and tests necessary to provide AHD care. More than half of the HCWs stated that AHD training sufficiently prepared them to handle AHD patients at both the hub and spoke levels. HCWs and LCs reported weaknesses in the patient referral system within the hub-and-spoke model in providing a linkage of care to facilities, specifically improper referral documentation, incorrect labeling of samples, and inconsistent availability of transportation. While HCWs felt that AHD registers were time-consuming, they remained motivated as they thought they provided better patient services. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of offering comprehensive AHD services. The enhanced AHD program addressed weaknesses in service delivery through decentralization and provided services through a hub-and-spoke model, improved supply availability, and strengthened linkage to care. Additionally, addressing the recommendations of service providers and patients is essential to improve the health and survival of patients with AHD.
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- 2024
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21. 608 Assessing dietary patterns and composition in adults with cystic fibrosis receiving modulator therapy.
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Bailey, J., Rose, N., Anderson, J., Baker, E., Chalamalla, A., and Guimbellot, J.
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DIETARY patterns , *CYSTIC fibrosis , *ADULTS - Published
- 2024
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22. Atypical scrotal edema – Case report
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Ariana Nateghi, Rose Noël, Andréanne Waddell, and Mylène Veilleux
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is an endemic parasitic infection in 72 countries. It is caused by a filarial worm transmitted through mosquito bites. Acute nonspecific symptoms can occur, such as fever and edematous inflammatory plaques, while its chronic state is commonly characterized by lymphedema.
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- 2024
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23. Chronic immune activation and accelerated immune aging among HIV-infected adults receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 years in an African cohort
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Damalie Nakanjako, Rose Nabatanzi, Isaac Ssinabulya, Lois Bayigga, Agnes Kiragga, Grace Banturaki, and Barbara Castelnuovo
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Chronic inflammation ,Immune activation ,Immune-aging ,HIV/AIDS ,Non-communicable disease risk ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: HIV-associated alterations innate and adaptive immune cell compartments are reminiscent of the process of immune aging. Objectives: We described immune aging phenotypes among ART-treated HIV-infected adults relative to age-matched HIV-negative counterparts. Methods: In a cross-sectional comparative study of HIV-infected adults with CD4≥500 cells/μl after at least 12 years of suppressive ART and age-and-gender-matched HIV-negative individuals, immune activation and immune aging phenotypes were measured, using multi-color flowcytometry. Results: ART-treated HIV-infected individuals had higher body mass index (P = 0.004), waist-hip circumference (P = 0.041), hip circumference (P
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- 2024
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24. The effect of a combined lifestyle intervention with and without protein drink on inflammation in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes
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Robert G. Memelink, Rose Njemini, Minse J.J. de Bos Kuil, Suzan Wopereis, Johan de Vogel-van den Bosch, Josje D. Schoufour, Michael Tieland, Peter J.M. Weijs, and Ivan Bautmans
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Type 2 diabetes ,Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile ,Weight loss ,Body composition ,Ageing ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is one of the pathways involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there is limited evidence for ameliorating effects of combined lifestyle interventions on CLIP in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a 13-week combined lifestyle intervention, using hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise plus high-intensity interval training with or without consumption of a protein drink, affected CLIP in older adults with T2D. Methods: In this post-hoc analysis of the PROBE study 114 adults (≥55 years) with obesity and type 2 (pre-)diabetes had measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and soluble tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (sTNFR)1, adipokines leptin and adiponectin, and glycation biomarkers carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) from fasting blood samples. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate change in inflammatory biomarkers after lifestyle intervention and effect of the protein drink. Linear regression analysis was performed with parameters of body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and parameters of insulin resistance (by oral glucose tolerance test). Results: There were no significant differences in CLIP responses between the protein and the control groups. For all participants combined, IL-1RA, leptin and adiponectin decreased after 13 weeks (p = 0.002, p
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- 2024
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25. Corrigendum to Spectroscopic properties (FT-IR, NMR and UV) and DFT studies of amodiaquine [Heliyon Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2023, e22187]
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Pélagie Manwal A Mekoung, Alhadji Malloum, Munusamy Govindarajan, Rose Ngono Mballa, Issofa Patouossa, Auguste Abouem A Zintchem, Charles P.N. Nanseu, and Ibrahim N. Mbouombouo
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Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Published
- 2024
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26. Molecular epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia: 2015–2021
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Yu Kie Chem, Surya Pavan Yenamandra, Chee Keong Chong, Rose Nani Mudin, Ming Keong Wan, Norazimah Tajudin, Rehan Shuhada Abu Bakar, Mohd Asri Yamin, Rokiah Yahya, Chia-Chen Chang, Carmen Koo, Lee Ching Ng, and Hapuarachchige Chanditha Hapuarachchi
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dengue ,molecular epidemiology ,Malaysia ,genetic diversity ,phylogeography. severity ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Dengue has been one of the major public health problems in Malaysia for decades. Over 600,000 dengue cases and 1,200 associated fatalities have been reported in Malaysia from 2015 to 2021, which was 100% increase from the cumulative total of dengue cases reported during the preceding 07-year period from 2008 to 2014. However, studies that describe the molecular epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia in recent years are limited. In the present study, we describe the genetic composition and dispersal patterns of Dengue virus (DENV) by using 4,004 complete envelope gene sequences of all four serotypes (DENV-1 = 1,567, DENV-2 = 1,417, DENV-3 = 762 and DENV-4 = 258) collected across Malaysia from 2015 to 2021. The findings revealed that DENV populations in Malaysia were highly diverse, and the overall heterogeneity was maintained through repetitive turnover of genotypes. Phylogeography analyses suggested that DENV dispersal occurred through an extensive network, mainly among countries in South and East Asia and Malaysian states, as well as among different states, especially within Peninsular Malaysia. The results further suggested Selangor and Johor as major hubs of DENV emergence and spread in Malaysia.
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- 2024
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27. Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in Malawi using telephone syndromic surveillance from July 2020 to April 2022
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Alice Maida, Andrew Auld, Evelyn Kim, Lindsay Kim, Godfrey Woelk, Rose Nyirenda, Rhoderick Machekano, Annie Chauma-Mwale, Thulani Maphosa, Allan Ahimbisibwe, Lucky Makonokaya, Suzgo B Zimba, Rachel Kanyenda Chamanga, Veena Sampathkumar, and Louiser Kalitera
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Introduction Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in low-resource countries such as Malawi requires cost-effective surveillance strategies. This study explored the potential utility of phone-based syndromic surveillance in terms of its reach, monitoring trends in reported SARS-CoV-2-like/influenza-like symptoms (CLS/ILS), SARS-CoV-2 testing and mortality.Methods Mobile phone-based interviews were conducted between 1 July 2020 and 30 April 2022, using a structured questionnaire. Randomly digital dialled numbers were used to reach individuals aged ≥18 years who spoke Chichewa or English. Verbal consent was obtained, and trained research assistants with clinical and nursing backgrounds collected information on age, sex, region of residence, reported CLS/ILS in the preceding 2 weeks, SARS-CoV-2 testing and history of household illness and death. Data were captured on tablets using the Open Data Kit database. We performed a descriptive analysis and presented the frequencies and proportions with graphical representations over time.Findings Among 356 525 active phone numbers, 138 751 (38.9%) answered calls, of which 104 360 (75.2%) were eligible, 101 617 (97.4%) consented to participate, and 100 160 (98.6%) completed the interview. Most survey respondents were aged 25–54 years (72.7%) and male (65.1%). The regional distribution of the respondents mirrored the regional population distribution, with 45% (44%) in the southern region, 41% (43%) in the central region and 14% (13%) in the northern region. The reported SARS-CoV2 positivity rate was 11.5% (107/934). Of the 7298 patients who reported CLS/ILS, 934 (12.8%) reported having undergone COVID-19 testing. Of the reported household deaths, 47.2% (982 individuals) experienced CLS/ILS 2 weeks before their death.Conclusion Telephonic surveillance indicated that the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases was at least twice as high as the number of confirmed cases in Malawi. Our findings also suggest a substantial under-reporting of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths. Telephonic surveillance has proven feasible in Malawi, achieving the ability to characterise SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality trends in low-resource settings.
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- 2024
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28. A mixed methods study examining the impact of primary health care financing transitions on facility functioning and service delivery in Kenya: a study protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
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Jacinta Nzinga, Anita Musiega, Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri, Ethan Wong, Peter Mugo, Wangari Ng’ang’a, Caitlin Mazzilli, Gillian Turner, Brittany Hagedorn, Nirmala Ravishankar, Anne Musuva, Felix Munene Murira, Edwine Barasa, and Benjamin Tsofa
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Primary Health Care ,Donor transitions ,User fees forgone ,Mixed methods ,Health financing ,Kenya ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background Kenya has experienced several health financing changes that have implications for financing primary healthcare (PHC). These include transitions from funding by two key donors (the World Bank and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)) and the abolishment of conditional grants that were earmarked for financing primary healthcare facilities. This protocol lays out study plans to evaluate the impact and implementation experience of these financing changes on PHC facility functioning and service delivery in Kenya. Methods/design A sequential mixed methods design will be applied to address our research objectives. Firstly, we will perform a document review to understand the evolution of policy changes understudy. Second, we will conduct an interrupted time series analysis across all 47 counties in Kenya to assess these financing changes' impact on health service utilization in all public primary healthcare facilities (level 2 and 3 facilities). Data for this analysis will be obtained from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS). Third, we will carry out in-depth interviews with health financing stakeholders at the national, county, and health facility levels to examine their perceptions of the experiences with these changes in health financing. Discussion This mixed methods study will contribute to evidence on the sustainability of financing primary healthcare in low and middle-income countries facing financing changes and donor transitions.
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- 2024
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29. Inflammation-Related Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after 3 Months of Resistance Training in Older Women
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Lene Salimans, Keliane Liberman, Wilfried Cools, Rose Njemini, Florence Debacq-Chainiaux, Louis Nuvagah Forti, Liza De Dobbeleer, Ron Kooijman, Ingo Beyer, and Ivan Bautmans
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older adults ,exercise ,LPS challenge ,RNA sequence analysis ,gene expression ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Recently, we showed that three months of resistance exercise significantly alters 18 canonical pathways related to chronic inflammation in PBMCs of older adults. In this exploratory sub-study, the aim is to explore whether resistance exercise enhances the PBMCs stress response by mimicking an acute infection through in vitro LPS stimulation. Women (≥65 years) were randomly divided into intensive strength training (IST), strength endurance training (SET), or flexibility training (as control group, CON) groups. PBMCs were isolated and cultured with and without LPS for 24 h. Their RNA was analyzed via targeted RNA sequencing of 407 inflammation-related genes, with relevant fold-changes defined as ≤0.67 or ≥1.5 (3 months vs. baseline). A pathway analysis using ingenuity pathway analyses identified significant pathways among 407 genes with p < 0.05 and z-scores of ≤−2 or ≥2. Fourteen women were included in the analyses. A total of 151 genes with a significant fold-change were identified. In the CON group, a less-pronounced effect was observed. Strength training altered 23 pathways in the LPS-stimulated PBMCs, none of which overlapped between the IST and SET groups. A balanced exercise program that includes both IST and SET could beneficially adapt the immune responses in older adults by inducing alterations in the inflammatory stress response of PBMCs through different genes and pathways.
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- 2024
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30. Monitoring the progress and impact of a multicountry, interdisciplinary research project on childhood stunting: the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub MEL protocol
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Bharati Kulkarni, Babacar Faye, Little Flower Augustine, Santosh Kumar Banjara, Claire Heffernan, Umi Fahmida, Min Kyaw Htet, Arienta R P Sudibya, Modou Lamin Jobarteh, Nur L Zahra, Assana Diop, Darius Tetsa Tata, Hugh Sharma Waddington, Marie K Harder, Fassiatou Tairou, Dinesh Yadav D M, Rose Ndulu Ndolo, Munikumar Manne, Camara Fatou Ndiaye Diop, Francis Naab, and Chelsey Victoria Knott
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Published
- 2024
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31. Identifying avoidable causes of perinatal deaths in a district hospital in Lesotho
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Rose Nonyane, Emmerentia du Plessis, and Jeannette Clase
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female ,hospitals ,district ,perinatal deaths ,pregnancy ,preventable ,retrospective studies ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Background: Certain determinants can be associated with avoidable perinatal deaths, and audits are needed to establish what these determinants are, and what can be done to prevent such deaths. Objectives: The study aimed at identifying and describing determinants associated with avoidable perinatal deaths at a district hospital in Lesotho and strategies to curb their occurrence. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using 142 anonymised obstetric records from January 2018 to December 2020. A data collection tool was adopted from the Perinatal Problem Identification Programme. In this tool, avoidable determinants are referred to as ‘factors’ or ‘problems’. Results: A concerning number of perinatal deaths were secondary to avoidable patient factors, namely a delay in seeking medical care, inappropriate responses to antepartum haemorrhage, and inadequate responses to poor foetal movements. Medical personnel factors are also worth observing, namely incorrect use of partograph, insufficient notes to comment on avoidable factors and ‘other’ medical personnel problems. Ranking highest among administrative problems were the unavailability of intensive care unit beds and ventilators and inadequate resuscitation equipment. Administrative problems accounted for more perinatal deaths than the patient-related factors and medical personnel factors. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for periodic audits, health education for patients, staff competency and the necessary equipment to resuscitate neonates. Contribution: Avoidable determinants associated with perinatal deaths in a district hospital in Lesotho could be identified. This information provides an understanding of what can be done to limit avoidable perinatal deaths.
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- 2024
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32. ‘ARVs are a constant reminder of lost freedom, whereas for others, they are liberating’: understanding the treatment narrative among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Malawi and Zimbabwe–a qualitative study
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Sehlulekile Gumede-Moyo, Rose Nyirenda, Sunny Sharma, Clorata Gwanzura, Philip Mkandawire, Kumbirai Chatora, and Nina Hasen
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Medicine - Abstract
Objective The aim of the research was to understand what drives and motivates young women living with HIV in their treatment journeys, as well as their key influencers. The findings will assist in appreciating their obstacles to treatment and constructing the most effective ways to convey fresh messages to them. These insights will contribute to the messaging developed for a campaign across sub-Saharan Africa, primarily Malawi and Zimbabwe.Design This was a qualitative study conducted in order to build an understanding of unknown parts of the HIV treatment journey through in-depth interviews. A hybrid approach was used to conduct thematic analysis.Setting and participants Study participants were HIV-positive women, their influencers (eg, parents/partners/siblings/aunts and uncles/religious leaders, etc) and healthcare providers from a range of regions in Zimbabwe and Malawi.Results A total of 26 young people living with HIV (PLHIV), 29 healthcare providers and 24 influencers such as maternal figures in the community were interviewed. Two main broad insights were drawn, that is, key needs and wider contextual factors. The key needs of young PLHIV to stay on treatment were empathy, support and emotional connection with antiretroviral therapy (ART), while the wider contextual factors impacting their treatment journeys were structural challenges and cultural reference points. Fear of shame and humiliation can also be significant barriers to disclosure and treatment. The fear predisposes the PLHIV to the need for empathy, support and connection with ART. Mental health and anxiety appear to be comorbid with HIV. Some PLHIV have a small and limited support network leading to very few people living openly with HIV. There is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach, and maximising campaign reach will likely need a multifaceted approach.Conclusion Currently, the relationship between nurses and PLHIV can appear to be transactional. Through learning about the community (including PLHIV), there are more chances of communicating in a way that resonates.
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- 2024
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33. Metagenomic sequencing of the skin microbiota of the scalp predicting the risk of surgical site infections following surgery of traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Hervé Monka Lekuya, David Patrick Kateete, Geofrey Olweny, Edgar Kigozi, Larrey Kasereka Kamabu, Safari Paterne Mudekereza, Rose Nantambi, Ronald Mbiine, Fredrick Makumbi, Stephen Cose, Jelle Vandersteene, Edward Baert, Jean-Pierre Okito Kalala, and Moses Galukande
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundSurgical site infections (SSI) are a significant concern following traumatic brain injury (TBI) surgery and often stem from the skin's microbiota near the surgical site, allowing bacteria to penetrate deeper layers and potentially causing severe infections in the cranial cavity. This study investigated the relationship between scalp skin microbiota composition and the risk of SSI after TBI surgery in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study, enrolling patients scheduled for TBI surgery. Sterile skin swabs were taken from the surrounding normal skin of the head and stored for analysis at -80°Celcius. Patients were monitored postoperatively for up to three months to detect any occurrences of SSI. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the skin microbiota composition, identifying different taxonomic microorganisms at the genus level. The analysis compared two groups: those who developed SSI and those who did not.ResultsA total of 57 patients were included, mostly male (89.5%) with a mean age of 26.5 years, predominantly from urban areas in Uganda and victims of assault. Graphical visualization and metagenomic metrics analysis revealed differences in composition, richness, and evenness of skin microbiota within samples (α) or within the community (β), and showed specific taxa (phylum and genera) associated with either the group of SSI or the No SSI.ConclusionsMetagenomic sequencing analysis uncovered several baseline findings and trends regarding the skin microbiome's relationship with SSI risk. There is an association between scalp microbiota composition (abundancy and diversity) and SSI occurrence following TBI surgery in SSA. We hypothesize under reserve that the scalp microbiota dysbiosis could potentially be an independent predictor of the occurrence of SSI; we advocate for further studies with larger cohorts.
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- 2024
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34. Prevalence of alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda.
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Adriane Wynn, Katelyn M Sileo, Katherine Schmarje Crockett, Rose Naigino, Michael Ediau, Rhoda K Wanyenze, Noah Kiwanuka, Natasha K Martin, and Susan M Kiene
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundAlcohol use is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Uganda has a high level of alcohol use per capita. Compared to men, women are less likely to consume alcohol globally; however, women who drink have increased risks for co-occurring conditions, including depression, intimate partner violence, and HIV. This study assessed the prevalence of alcohol use and correlates of harmful alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from a study among women and men aged 15-59 residing in rural, central Uganda and accepting home-based HIV testing (Nov 2017 to Dec 2020). We estimated the prevalence of levels of alcohol use (categorized as no alcohol use (score 0), low (score 1-3 for men; 1-2 for women), medium (score 4-5 for men; 3-5 for women), high (score 6-7), and very-high (score 8-12) use with the AUDIT-C), stratified by gender and HIV status. We assessed correlates of harmful alcohol use using multivariable logistic regression models for women and men.ResultsAmong 18,460 participants, 67% (95% CI: 66-67%) reported no alcohol use, 16% (95% CI: 16-17%) reported low, 5% (95% CI: 4.8-5%) reported medium, 5% (95% CI: 4-5%) reported high, and 3% (95% CI: 2.8-3) reported very high alcohol use. Compared to women, men were more likely to report alcohol use (Chi-squared p-valueConclusionWhile alcohol use was higher among men and people living with HIV, being newly diagnosed with HIV had a stronger relationship with harmful alcohol use among women than men. More research is needed to understand how alcohol use may increase the risks of HIV acquisition among women and to identify gender-responsive services to address harmful alcohol use and increase access to HIV testing and linkage to care for women who use harmful levels of alcohol.
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- 2024
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35. HIV risk behaviour, viraemia, and transmission across HIV cascade stages including low-level viremia: Analysis of 14 cross-sectional population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Olanrewaju Edun, Lucy Okell, Helen Chun, Anne-Cecile Z Bissek, Clement B Ndongmo, Judith D Shang, Hermann Brou, Eboi Ehui, Alexandre K Ekra, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Sindisiwe S Dlamini, Choice Ginindza, Frehywot Eshetu, Yimam G Misganie, Sileshi Lulseged Desta, Thomas N O Achia, Appolonia Aoko, Sasi Jonnalagadda, Rose Wafula, Fred M Asiimwe, Shirley Lecher, Kondwani Nkanaunena, Mtemwa K Nyangulu, Rose Nyirenda, Anita Beukes, Johannes O Klemens, Negussie Taffa, Andrew A Abutu, Matthias Alagi, Man E Charurat, Ibrahim Dalhatu, Gambo Aliyu, Collins Kamanzi, Celestine Nyagatare, Gallican N Rwibasira, Mohamed F Jalloh, Werner M Maokola, George S Mgomella, Wilford L Kirungi, Christina Mwangi, Jennifer A Nel, Peter A Minchella, Gloria Gonese, Melodie A Nasr, Stephane Bodika, Elisabeth Mungai, Hetal K Patel, Katrina Sleeman, Kyle Milligan, Emilio Dirlikov, Andrew C Voetsch, Ray W Shiraishi, and Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
As antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage for people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases, HIV programmes require up-to-date information about evolving HIV risk behaviour and transmission risk, including those with low-level viremia (LLV; >50 to ≤1000 copies/mL), to guide prevention priorities. We aimed to assess differences in sexual risk behaviours, distribution of viral load (VL) and proportion of transmission across PLHIV subgroups. We analysed data from Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys in 14 sub-Saharan African countries during 2015-2019. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of self-reported HIV high-risk behaviour (multiple partners and condomless sex) across cascade stages via generalised estimation equations. We modelled the proportions of transmission from each subgroup using relative self-reported sexual risk, a Hill function for transmission rate by VL, and proportions within cascade stages from surveys and UNAIDS country estimates for 2010-2020. Compared to PLHIV with undetectable VL (≤50 copies/mL), undiagnosed PLHIV (aPR women: 1.28 [95% CI: 1.08-1.52]; men: 1.61 [1.33-1.95]) and men diagnosed but untreated (2.06 [1.52-2.78]) were more likely to self-report high-risk sex. High-risk behaviour was not significantly associated with LLV. Mean VL was similar among undiagnosed, diagnosed but untreated, and on ART but non-suppressed sub-groups. Across surveys, undiagnosed and diagnosed but untreated contributed most to transmission (40-91% and 1-41%, respectively), with less than 1% from those with LLV. Between 2010 and 2020, the proportion of transmission from individuals on ART but non-suppressed increased. In settings with high ART coverage, effective HIV testing, ART linkage, and retention remain priorities to reduce HIV transmission. Persons with LLV are an increasing share of PLHIV but their contribution to HIV transmission was small. Improving suppression among PLHIV on ART with VL ≥1000 copies/mL will become increasingly important.
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- 2024
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36. Himatanthus bracteatusstem bark ethanolic extract obtained by sequential pressurized liquid extraction: chromatographic characterization and profiling of cytotoxic, antitumoral and immunopharmacological properties
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Pereira-Filho, Rose N., Gonçalves-Júnior, Wilson D., dos Santos-Neto, Agenor G., Cunha, John L.S., de Almeida, Oslei P., Andrade, Luciana N., Droppa-Almeida, Daniela, Amaral, Ricardo G., Dariva, Cláudio, Cardoso, Juliana C., Severino, Patricia, Souto, Eliana B., and de Albuquerque-Júnior, Ricardo L.C.
- Abstract
This study aims to characterize the cytotoxic, antitumoral and immunopharmacological profile of the ethanolic extract of Himatanthus bracteatus(EEHB) stem bark. Chromatographic analysis revealed the major EEHB composition in dimethyl isoplumerideo acid, 13-deoxyplumerido, isoplumeride, and plumeride. Cytotoxicity was performed on MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines using MTT assay. The antitumor activity was assessed using sarcoma 180 tumor cells subcutaneously implanted in mice. After seven days, hematological and biochemical analysis, and pathological evaluation of tumors and visceral organs were carried out. The IC50value was 28.49 ± 2.05 μg/mL on MCF7 cells, but over 320 μg/mL on MCF-10A cells. Molecular docking was predicted using the caspase 3 molecular target with plumeride and isoplumeride ligands. Both compounds were also analysed by PreADMET. The tumor growth inhibition was comparable to 5-FU. EEHB reduced the proliferative index (Ki67 immunoexpression) but increased the expression of apoptotic markers in a sarcoma 180 model. The ligands showed interaction with Caspase 3 with a binding energy between -7.2 to -6.6 kcal/mol for isoplumeride and -7.8 to -7.0 kcal/mol for plumeride. Hydrogen interactions were present between the ligands and caspase 3. Both phytochemicals showed low or no permeability in blood-brain barrier and medium permeability in Caco-2 cells and only isoplumeride showed mutagenic potential and carcinogenic. EEHB presented no toxicological effect either on the hematological parameters or average weight and histological features of liver, kidneys, and spleen. Our data suggest that EEHB has antitumor activity in S-180 tumor-bearing mice by blocking cell cycle and increasing apoptosis.
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- 2024
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37. Periodic orbits in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou systems.
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Karve N, Rose N, and Campbell D
- Abstract
The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) paradox is the phenomenon whereby a one-dimensional chain of oscillators with nonlinear couplings shows long-lived nonergodic behavior prior to thermalization. The trajectory of the system in phase space, with a long-wavelength initial condition, closely follows that of the Toda model over short times, as both systems seem to relax quickly to a non-thermal, metastable state. Over longer times, resonances in the FPUT spectrum drive the system toward equilibrium, away from the Toda trajectory. Similar resonances are observed in q-breather spectra, suggesting that q-breathers are involved in the route toward thermalization. In this article, we first review previous important results related to the metastable state, solitons, and q-breathers. We then investigate orbit bifurcations of q-breathers and show that they occur due to resonances, where the q-breather frequencies become commensurate as mΩ1=Ωk. The resonances appear as peaks in the breather energy spectrum. Furthermore, they give rise to new "composite periodic orbits," which are nonlinear combinations of multiple q-breathers that exist following orbit bifurcations. We find that such resonances are absent in integrable systems, as a consequence of the (extensive number of) conservation laws associated with integrability., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)
- Published
- 2024
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38. How are Long-Covid, Post-Sepsis-Syndrome and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome related? A conceptional approach based on the current research literature.
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Fleischmann-Struzek C, Joost FEA, Pletz MW, Weiß B, Paul N, Ely EW, Reinhart K, and Rose N
- Subjects
- Humans, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Critical Care methods, Critical Illness, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 epidemiology, Sepsis complications
- Abstract
Long-Covid (LC), Post-Sepsis-Syndrome (PSS) and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome (PICS) show remarkable overlaps in their clinical presentation. Nevertheless, it is unclear if they are distinct syndromes, which may co-occur in the same patient, or if they are three different labels to describe similar symptoms, assigned on the basis on patient history and professional perspective of the treating physician. Therefore, we reviewed the current literature on the relation between LC, PSS and PICS. To date, the three syndromes cannot reliably be distinguished due similarities in clinical presentation as they share the cognitive, psychological and physical impairments with only different probabilities of occurrence and a heterogeneity in individual expression. The diagnosis is furthermore hindered by a lack of specific diagnostic tools. It can be concluded that survivors after COVID-19 sepsis likely have more frequent and more severe consequences than patients with milder COVID-19 courses, and that are some COVID-19-specific sequelae, e.g. an increased risk for venous thromboembolism in the 30 days after the acute disease, which occur less often after sepsis of other causes. Patients may profit from leveraging synergies from PICS, PSS and LC treatment as well as from experiences gained from infection-associated chronic conditions in general. Disentangling molecular pathomechanisms may enable future targeted therapies that go beyond symptomatic treatment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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39. Contamination of depressional wetlands in the Mpumalanga Lake District of South Africa near a global emission hotspot.
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Curtis CJ, Rose NL, Yang H, Turner S, Langerman K, Fitchett J, Milner A, Kabba A, and Shilland J
- Abstract
The Mpumalanga Lake District (MLD) of South Africa hosts a regionally unique cluster of water bodies of great importance for wetland biodiversity. It is also located close to a global hotspot for coal-fired power station emissions but the local impacts from these sources of pollution are poorly understood. Sediment cores from three contrasting wetlands were
210 Pb dated and analysed for a range of contaminants linked to fossil fuel combustion, including trace elements, Hg, sulphur and spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles (SCPs). At the two sites with pre-industrial (1900) baseline sediments, Pb, Zn and especially Cr concentrations and fluxes showed significant increases in the impact period (post-1975). Mercury showed the greatest proportional increase in flux (>4-fold) of all trace metals. Mercury and sulphur concentrations and fluxes showed highly significant correlations with emissions over the corresponding periods, while SCPs in sediments also closely tracked emissions. In a global context, levels of sediment contamination are relatively minor compared with other heavily industrialised regions, with only Cr exceeding the sediment Probable Effects Concentration for biological impact post-1975. Despite the relatively large increases in Hg, concentrations do not reach the Threshold Effects Concentration. The unexpectedly low levels of contamination may be due to i) low levels of many trace contaminants in South African coals compared to global averages, ii) prevailing recirculation patterns which transport pollution away from the study area during the wet season, minimising wet deposition, and iii) pollutant remobilisation through desiccation of wetlands or volatilization. The effects of hydrology and sediment accumulation rates lead to differential transport and preservation of organic-associated and more volatile contaminants (e.g. Hg, S) relative to non-volatile trace elements in wetlands of the MLD. The greatest fluxes of Hg and S are recorded in the site with the highest catchment: lake area ratio, lowest salinity and greatest sediment organic matter content., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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40. Neutralization activity in chronic HIV infection is characterized by a distinct programming of follicular helper CD4 T cells.
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Moysi E, Sharma AA, O'Dell S, Georgakis S, Del Rio Estrada PM, Torres-Ruiz F, Navarro MG, Villalobos YAL, Rios SA, Reyes-Teran G, Beddall MH, Ko SH, Belinky F, Orfanakis M, de Leval L, Enriquez AB, Buckner CM, Moir S, Doria-Rose N, Boritz E, Mascola JR, Sekaly RP, Koup RA, and Petrovas C
- Abstract
A subset of people living with HIV (PLWH) can produce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV, but the lymph node (LN) dynamics that promote the generation of these antibodies are poorly understood. Here, we explored LN-associated histological, immunological, and virological mechanisms of bNAb generation in a cohort of anti-retroviral therapy (ART)-naïve PLWH. We found that participants who produce bNAbs, termed neutralizers, have a superior LN-associated B cell follicle architecture compared with PLWH who do not. The latter was associated with a significantly higher in situ prevalence of Bcl-6
hi follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH), expressing a molecular program that favors their differentiation and stemness, and significantly reduced IL-10 follicular suppressor CD4 T cells. Furthermore, our data reveal possible molecular targets mediating TFH- B cell interactions in neutralizers. Together, we identify cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of bNAbs in PLWH., Competing Interests: Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no competing conflicts of interest.- Published
- 2024
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41. Bayesian estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of coprological and serological diagnostic tests for the detection of Ascaris suum infection on pig farms.
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Delsart M, Répérant JM, Benoit C, Boudin E, Da-Costa JF, Dorenlor V, Eono F, Eveno E, Kerphérique S, Poulain G, Souquière M, Thomas-Hénaff M, Pol F, Dufour B, Rose N, and Fablet C
- Subjects
- Animals, Swine, Serologic Tests veterinary, Serologic Tests methods, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, France, Farms, Antibodies, Helminth blood, Ascaris suum isolation & purification, Ascaris suum immunology, Swine Diseases diagnosis, Swine Diseases parasitology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Feces parasitology, Feces chemistry, Ascariasis diagnosis, Ascariasis veterinary, Ascariasis parasitology, Bayes Theorem
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Coprological and serological diagnostic tests were compared to define the status of a pig farm with regard to Ascaris suum. On each of the 100 farms in France visited for the study, 10 blood samples were taken from pigs at the end of fattening (at least 22 weeks old) and 20 to 30 faecal samples were taken, depending on the category of animals present on the farm (10 sows, 10 piglets aged 10 to 12 weeks and 10 pigs at the end of fattening, aged at least 22 weeks). A SERASCA® ELISA test (Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University) was performed on each blood sample (cut-off 0.5) and a coprological analysis on each faecal sample. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the coprological and serological tests. A farm was considered positive if at least one A. suum egg was observed in the faecal samples. With regard to the serological test, various hypotheses were tested in order to define the number of seropositive animals required to consider a farm positive for A. suum. The coprological test has very good specificity in the search for A. suum, whether 20 or 30 samples are taken per farm. However, even with an increase in the number of samples, the sensitivity of this diagnostic approach is very low (less than 30%). On the other hand, the serological diagnostic method, which consists of taking blood samples from 10 animals at the end of fattening, has good sensitivity and seems better suited to defining the status of a farm with regard to A. suum, provided that a farm is considered seropositive only if two out of 10 samples are positive., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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42. Characterization of Influenza D Virus Reassortant Strain in Swine from Mixed Pig and Beef Farm, France.
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Gorin S, Richard G, Hervé S, Eveno E, Blanchard Y, Jardin A, Rose N, and Simon G
- Subjects
- Animals, Swine, France epidemiology, Cattle, Deltainfluenzavirus, Reassortant Viruses genetics, Orthomyxoviridae Infections virology, Orthomyxoviridae Infections veterinary, Swine Diseases virology, Phylogeny, Farms, Thogotovirus genetics, Thogotovirus classification, Thogotovirus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Influenza D virus was isolated from pigs on a mixed pig and beef farm in France. Investigation suggested bull-to-pig transmission and spread among pigs. The swine influenza D virus recovered was a reassortant of D/660 and D/OK lineages. Reported mutations in the receptor binding site might be related to swine host adaptation.
- Published
- 2024
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43. Frequency and clinical significance of Herpes simplex virus type 1/2 reactivation in adult patients with mild to moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study.
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Bahrs C, Schönherr C, Panning M, Rose N, Dähne T, Hagel S, Weis S, Rupp J, Rohde G, Witzenrath M, and Pletz MW
- Abstract
Purpose: This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)., Methods: The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death)., Results: Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7-16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0-2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS., Conclusion: Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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44. Calling to the collective: contact calling rates within groups of disc-winged bats do not vary by kinship or association.
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Chaverri G, Sagot M, Stynoski JL, Araya-Salas M, Araya-Ajoy Y, Nagy M, Knörnschild M, Chaves-Ramírez S, Rose N, Sánchez-Chavarría M, Jiménez-Torres Y, Ulloa-Sanabria D, Solís-Hernández H, and Carter GG
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Female, Chiroptera physiology, Social Behavior, Vocalization, Animal
- Abstract
Many group-living animals coordinate social behaviours using contact calls, which can be produced for all group members or targeted at specific individuals. In the disc-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor , group members use 'inquiry' and 'response' calls to coordinate daily movements into new roosts (furled leaves). Rates of both calls show consistent among-individual variation, but causes of within-individual variation remain unknown. Here, we tested whether disc-winged bats produce more contact calls towards group members with higher kinship or association. In 446 experimental trials, we recorded 139 random within-group pairs of one flying bat (producing inquiry calls for roost searching) and one roosting bat (producing response calls for roost advertising). Using generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMM), we assessed how response and inquiry calling rates varied by sender, receiver, genetic kinship and co-roosting association rate. Calling rates varied consistently across senders but not by receiver. Response calling was influenced by inquiry calling rates, but neither calling rate was higher when the interacting pair had higher kinship or association. Rather than dyadic calling rates indicating within-group relationships, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bats produce contact calls to maintain contact with any or all individuals within a group while collectively searching for a new roost site. This article is part of the theme issue 'The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics'.
- Published
- 2024
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45. Group vocal composition and decision-making during roost finding in Spix's disk-winged bats.
- Author
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Sagot M, Rose N, and Chaverri G
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Chiroptera physiology, Vocalization, Animal, Social Behavior, Decision Making physiology
- Abstract
Theoretical work suggests that having many informed individuals within social groups can promote efficient resource location. However, it may also give rise to group fragmentation if members fail to reach consensus on their direction of movement. In this study, we investigate whether the number of informed individuals, exemplified by bats emitting calls from different roosts, influences group cohesion in Spix's disk-winged bats ( Thyroptera tricolor ). Additionally, we explore the role of signal reliability, quantified through signalling rates, in group consensus on where to roost. These bats use contact calls to announce the location of a roost site and recruit conspecifics. The groups they form exhibit high levels of cohesion and consist of both vocal and non-vocal bats, with vocal behaviour being consistent over time. Our findings revealed that an increase in the number of roosts broadcasting calls is strongly associated with the likelihood of groups fragmenting among multiple roosts. Additionally, we found that a majority of group members enter the roost with higher calling rates. This phenomenon can mitigate the risk of group fragmentation, as bats emitting more calls may contribute to greater group consensus on roosting locations, thereby reducing the likelihood of individuals separating and enhancing overall group cohesion. Our results highlight the potential costs of having too many information producers for group coordination, despite their established role in finding critical resources. This article is part of the theme issue 'The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics'.
- Published
- 2024
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46. LSD1 controls a nuclear checkpoint in Wnt/β-Catenin signaling to regulate muscle stem cell self-renewal.
- Author
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Mouradian S, Cicciarello D, Lacoste N, Risson V, Berretta F, Le Grand F, Rose N, Simonet T, Schaeffer L, and Scionti I
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Spindle Apparatus metabolism, Cell Differentiation genetics, Humans, Stem Cells metabolism, Stem Cells cytology, Histone Demethylases metabolism, Histone Demethylases genetics, Wnt Signaling Pathway, beta Catenin metabolism, beta Catenin genetics, Cell Self Renewal genetics
- Abstract
The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway plays a key role in cell fate determination during development and in adult tissue regeneration by stem cells. These processes involve profound gene expression and epigenome remodeling and linking Wnt/β-Catenin signaling to chromatin modifications has been a challenge over the past decades. Functional studies of the lysine demethylase LSD1/KDM1A converge to indicate that this epigenetic regulator is a key regulator of cell fate, although the extracellular cues controlling LSD1 action remain largely unknown. Here we show that β-Catenin is a substrate of LSD1. Demethylation by LSD1 prevents β-Catenin degradation thereby maintaining its nuclear levels. Consistently, in absence of LSD1, β-Catenin transcriptional activity is reduced in both MuSCs and ESCs. Moreover, inactivation of LSD1 in mouse muscle stem cells and embryonic stem cells shows that LSD1 promotes mitotic spindle orientation via β-Catenin protein stabilization. Altogether, by inscribing LSD1 and β-Catenin in the same molecular cascade linking extracellular factors to gene expression, our results provide a mechanistic explanation to the similarity of action of canonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling and LSD1 on stem cell fate., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)
- Published
- 2024
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47. First recorded presence of anthropogenic fly-ash particles in coral skeletons.
- Author
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Roberts LR, Kersting DK, Zinke J, and Rose NL
- Subjects
- Animals, Coal Ash, Plastics metabolism, Fossil Fuels, Coal, Coral Reefs, Anthozoa metabolism
- Abstract
Fly-ash particles formed during industrial fossil-fuel combustion show a globally observed rapid increase in concentration within natural archives post-1950 and have been proposed as a marker for the Anthropocene Epoch. Here, we present the first record of fly-ash particles incorporated into coral skeletons. Particles are present in Mediterranean corals between CE 1957 and 1992 at concentrations of 8-30 g
-1 coral, mirroring the period of increased industrial activity in the area, and corroborating with spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) records globally. The findings have important implications for the use of SCPs as markers in natural archives. With the exception of microplastics, this is the first evidence of particulate contamination in corals collected from natural environments. Further research is needed to understand incorporation pathways into coral skeletons, any subsequent ecotoxicological impact of contaminants, and the influence on overall coral health globally., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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48. Understanding the biases to sepsis surveillance and quality assurance caused by inaccurate coding in administrative health data.
- Author
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Schwarzkopf D, Rose N, Fleischmann-Struzek C, Boden B, Dorow H, Edel A, Friedrich M, Gonnert FA, Götz J, Gründling M, Heim M, Holbeck K, Jaschinski U, Koch C, Künzer C, Le Ngoc K, Lindau S, Mehlmann NB, Meschede J, Meybohm P, Ouart D, Putensen C, Sander M, Schewe JC, Schlattmann P, Schmidt G, Schneider G, Spies C, Steinsberger F, Zacharowski K, Zinn S, and Reinhart K
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Retrospective Studies, Hospital Mortality, Bias, Hospitals, Sepsis diagnosis, Sepsis epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: Timely and accurate data on the epidemiology of sepsis are essential to inform policy decisions and research priorities. We aimed to investigate the validity of inpatient administrative health data (IAHD) for surveillance and quality assurance of sepsis care., Methods: We conducted a retrospective validation study in a disproportional stratified random sample of 10,334 inpatient cases of age ≥ 15 years treated in 2015-2017 in ten German hospitals. The accuracy of coding of sepsis and risk factors for mortality in IAHD was assessed compared to reference standard diagnoses obtained by a chart review. Hospital-level risk-adjusted mortality of sepsis as calculated from IAHD information was compared to mortality calculated from chart review information., Results: ICD-coding of sepsis in IAHD showed high positive predictive value (76.9-85.7% depending on sepsis definition), but low sensitivity (26.8-38%), which led to an underestimation of sepsis incidence (1.4% vs. 3.3% for severe sepsis-1). Not naming sepsis in the chart was strongly associated with under-coding of sepsis. The frequency of correctly naming sepsis and ICD-coding of sepsis varied strongly between hospitals (range of sensitivity of naming: 29-71.7%, of ICD-diagnosis: 10.7-58.5%). Risk-adjusted mortality of sepsis per hospital calculated from coding in IAHD showed no substantial correlation to reference standard risk-adjusted mortality (r = 0.09)., Conclusion: Due to the under-coding of sepsis in IAHD, previous epidemiological studies underestimated the burden of sepsis in Germany. There is a large variability between hospitals in accuracy of diagnosing and coding of sepsis. Therefore, IAHD alone is not suited to assess quality of sepsis care., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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49. Complete genome sequences of Streptomyces griseus phages Spelly and Phredrick.
- Author
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Stamm J, Merkle JA, Abernathy A, Ackerman E, Brown J, Harris A, Hoffman K, Hoskins A, Jahn A, Jones N, Kitch A, Mathavan N, Rose N, and Taylor J
- Abstract
We present the complete genome sequences of two viruses with siphovirus morphology, isolated from soils collected in Southwestern Indiana using the host Streptomyces griseus . Spelly is a BE2 cluster phage with a 131,347-bp genome. Phredrick is a BK1 cluster phage with a 128,873-bp genome., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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50. Nationwide surveillance identifies yellow fever and chikungunya viruses transmitted by various species of Aedes mosquitoes in Nigeria.
- Author
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Nwangwu UC, Oguzie JU, Nwachukwu WE, Onwude CO, Dogunro FA, Diallo M, Ezihe CK, Agashi NO, Eloy EI, Anokwu SO, Anioke CC, Ikechukwu LC, Nwosu CM, Nwaogo ON, Ngwu IM, Onyeanusi RN, Okoronkwo AI, Orizu FU, Etiki MO, Onuora EN, Adeorike ST, Okeke PC, Chukwuekezie OC, Ochu JC, Ibrahim SS, Ifedayo A, Ihekweazu C, and Happi CT
- Abstract
Background: Since its reemergence in 2017, yellow fever (YF) has been active in Nigeria. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has coordinated responses to the outbreaks with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO). The National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC) handles the vector component of these responses. This study sought to identify the vectors driving YF transmission and any of the targeted arboviruses and their distribution across states., Methods: Eggs, larvae and pupae as well as adult mosquitoes were collected in observational, analytical, and cross-sectional surveys conducted in sixteen YF outbreak states between 2017 and 2020. Adult mosquitoes (field-collected or reared from immature stages) were morphologically identified, and arboviruses were detected using RT-qPCR at the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID)., Results: Aedes mosquitoes were collected in eleven of the sixteen states surveyed and the mosquitoes in nine states were found infected with arboviruses. A total of seven Aedes species were collected from different parts of the country. Aedes aegypti was the most dominant (51%) species, whereas Aedes africanus was the least (0.2%). Yellow fever virus (YFV) was discovered in 33 (~26%) out of the 127 Aedes mosquito pools. In addition to YFV, the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was found in nine pools. Except for Ae. africanus , all the Aedes species tested positive for at least one arbovirus. YFV-positive pools were found in six (6) Aedes species while CHIKV-positive pools were only recorded in two Aedes species. Edo State had the most positive pools (16), while Nasarawa, Imo, and Anambra states had the least (1 positive pool). Breteau and house indices were higher than normal transmission thresholds in all but one state., Conclusion: In Nigeria, there is a substantial risk of arbovirus transmission by Aedes mosquitoes, with YFV posing the largest threat at the moment. This risk is heightened by the fact that YFV and CHIKV have been detected in vectors across outbreak locations. Hence, there is an urgent need to step up arbovirus surveillance and control activities in the country.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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