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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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RESUMO Este artigo analisa algumas relações entre o problema agrário e o processo de desenvolvimento capitalista no Brasil. Argumenta que o aumento da produtividade associado ao aprofundamento da divisão social do trabalho altera as relações de produção no setor agrícola. O campesinato inicialmente ligado aos latifúndios feudais torna-se mão-de-obra assalariada contratada sazonalmente para as fazendas capitalistas. Nesse contexto, o problema fundiário surge como uma questão financeira associada basicamente ao preço da terra. Com isso, a reforma agrária baseada na compra de grandes áreas pelo governo não será uma solução para o problema agrário, pois apoiará o aumento do preço da terra.

O presente artigo examina as políticas de reforma agrária e assistência social no Brasil a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada no assentamento fundiário Pastorinhas. A origem desse território está relacionada à promessa de implementação de uma política pública de reforma agrária nos anos 1990, fato esse que levou um contingente de trabalhadoras/es rurais a ocuparem uma fazenda na zona rural de Brumadinho/MG. A pesquisa qualitativa buscou compreender como o acesso à terra e aos programas sociais permitiram que as famílias hoje assentadas no Pastorinhas superassem os desafios enfrentados e construíssem uma vida mais digna.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Como respuesta a la Revolución Cubana, Estados Unidos cambió su estrategia hacia la región. A través de la Alianza para el Progreso (ALPRO) promovió una serie de transformaciones estructurales en los países del subcontinente, entre ellas la denominada reforma agraria integral que circuló a través del Proyecto 206 del Programa de Cooperación Técnica de la Organización de Estados Americanos. El propósito del Proyecto 206 era “adiestrar” técnicos que motorizaran reformas agrarias en la región, a través de cursos financiados por diversos organismos internacionales. En este artículo realizaremos una reconstrucción de dicho proyecto: cuáles eran sus objetivos, cómo fue su conformación, qué cursos realizaron, qué materias dictaron y qué países participaron. A su vez, analizaremos cuál era el modelo de reforma agraria que se promovió en la región. Para ello indagaremos en los informes de actividades sobre el Proyecto 206 y las reuniones de directores del Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas.

En este artículo se argumenta que el Instituto de Educación Rural (IER) fue una institución decisiva en la reforma agraria chilena, actuando sobre sus rumbos con una estrategia político-pedagógica. Desde 1954, estaba presente cotidianamente en las bases del campesinado, ofreciéndole educación formal y capacitación técnica certificada. Así, el IER construyó una red de confianza político-pedagógica entre sectores populares del campo, vocalizando su subjetividad y sus valores, pero también ejerciendo el poder de ampliar oportunidades para obtención de una parcela. El argumento principal es que el IER funcionó como “institución-nexo” entre los campesinos y la política nacional, tejiendo una moral económica formada por tres componentes: el sacrificio, la meritocracia y el cooperativismo. Sin embargo, el cooperativismo socialcristiano convivió con el rechazo mordaz al comunismo y la declarada simpatía de Estados Unidos. Las fuentes utilizadas fueron la revista Surco y Semilla, la Revista de Educación, los archivos de los Ministerios de Agricultura y de Educación, junto con entrevistas.

A Reforma Agrária, uma consequência direta da Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974, representou um fenómeno socioeconómico, político e cultural marcante, embora de curta duração. À medida que as Unidades Coletivas de Produção e as Cooperativas Agrícolas iam sendo extintas, muitos dos seus arquivos começaram a ser destruídos. Para preservar o que subsistia de um espólio tão extenso e rico de informação, foi criado, na década de 90 do século XX o Centro de Documentação e Arquivo da Reforma Agrária (CDARA), que tem recolhido e tratado a documentação proveniente das unidades de exploração agrícolas extintas, mas também de sindicatos, centros regionais e locais da reforma agrária e de cooperativas de consumo e de comercialização criadas na área de intervenção da Zona de Intervenção da Reforma Agrária (ZIRA). Com este trabalho, procuramos divulgar a existência do CDARA; elaborar uma breve análise do conteúdo dos seus fundos documentais; e sensibilizar os investigadores para as suas potencialidades no respeitante a um conhecimento imparcial e aprofundado do fenómeno da Reforma Agrária.

En Brasil el contingente de población rural se reduce de forma constante desde la década de 1950; a la vez, hay un gran número de trabajadores sin tierra y grandes latifundios. El Estado ha puesto en marcha políticas de reforma agraria que incluyen la creación de asentamientos rurales. En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de estas políticas sobre la dinámica demográfica de la población rural. Se ha analizado como caso de estudio la mesorregión de Presidente Prudente (São Paulo) entre 1990 y 2010. La fuente de datos de población es el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística; la de asentamientos, el Instituto de Tierras de São Paulo. Lo que se ha hecho es comparar la dinámica demográfica de los municipios que tienen nuevos asentamientos y la de los que no tienen. Se ha comprobado que dinámica demográfica y creación de asentamientos rurales no son procesos independientes. En un contexto dominado por una dinámica de la población rural negativa, únicamente en municipios con nuevos asentamientos la población rural aumenta. La principal conclusión del trabajo es que la creación de asentamientos puede ser útil para la ordenación del territorio si se pretende mantener población en el campo.

This article examines agrarian reform and social assistance policies in Brazil based on field research carried out in the Pastorinhas land settlement. The origin of this territory is related to the promise of implementing a public policy of agrarian reform in the 1990s, a fact that led a contingent of rural workers to occupy a farm in the rural area of Brumadinho, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative research sought to understand how access to land and social programs allowed families currently settled in Pastorinhas to overcome the challenges they faced and build a more dignified life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Apresenta apontamentos acerca do protagonismo infanto-juvenil na luta por reforma agrária e na luta por uma Educação do Campo, afirmando crianças e adolescentes como sujeito social de direito que, por meio de ações coletivas, colocam-se na reivindicação por condições dignas de viver a condição infanto-juvenil no campo. Considerada sua inserção no Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, voltou-se a análise para o conjunto de ações protagonizadas pelas crianças e adolescentes Sem Terrinha que concretizam sua participação no processo de luta pela terra, por meio de uma pauta de reivindicação específica vinculada à reforma agrária e à Educação do Campo. O conjunto de questões apontadas pelos Sem Terrinha em seus manifestos e cartas permite compreender a concretização da luta por reforma agrária e por uma Educação do Campo como desafios presentes no cotidiano das crianças e adolescentes em acampamentos e assentamentos de reforma agrária, tendo-os como protagonistas desses processos.

Resumo A política de colonização interna no Brasil pós-Independência foi continuamente acionada e transformada ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX a fim de controlar populações insubmissas e territórios. A partir da análise bibliográfica e documental de um conjunto de projetos e experiências de colonização foi possível reconstruir o quadro interpretativo desta política, dando ênfase ao período da ditadura empresarial-militar e ao seu sentido de transformação do campesinato em classe média rural. Buscou-se identificar os principais elementos que constituem esse estrato, suas características e expectativas com base no conjunto de valores, interesses e pressupostos do complexo tecno-empresarial-militar a partir da política de colonização em sua formação. As continuidades e reconfigurações desta política nos permitem afirmar que colonizar é o verbo oculto do tratamento dado à questão agrária nacional.

RESUMO Este artigo é uma tentativa de analisar os padrões de propriedade da terra no Brasil e sua relação com variáveis econômicas como produção, produtividade, uso da terra e lucratividade. Algumas conclusões e derivadas a respeito da implementação do programa de reforma agrária e seus efeitos sobre os aspectos econômicos do setor agrícola brasileiro. As principais conclusões são: a) do ponto de vista econômico ‘a terra deve ser tratada em igualdade de condições com qualquer outro fator de produção; b) não há evidências de uso extensivo da terra para fins especulativos; e) nenhuma mudança significativa vem ocorrendo em relação ao padrão fundiário fortemente concentrado observado no Brasil; d) não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos de diferentes tamanhos de fazendas com relação à eficiência econômica (diferenças parciais de produtividade são explicadas por diferenças na disponibilidade de fatores e refletem o comportamento adequado de alocação de recursos pelos agricultores); e) a reforma agrária no Brasil, tal como proposta pelo governo, não é a política correta para promover o crescimento e desenvolvimento agrícola.

ROBLEDO HERNÁNDEZ, Ricardo (2023), La tierra es vuestra. La reforma agraria, un problema no resuelto. España 1900-1950. Barcelona: Pasado y presente, 611 pp.

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Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The struggle in the territory traditionally occupied by agro-extractive peasant families has always been marked by disputes between loggers, farmers and land grabbers, who compete against each other for natural resources in the Amazon. In Pará, despite the creation of collective agro-extractive settlements, there is a strong land concentration, which worsens when it incorporates elements that increase land disputes with the natural resources of the forests. This article aims to analyze the main challenges faced by families at Gleba Joana Peres II, from the land regularization process to the delimitation of their territory. The analyzes focused on the creation of the State Agroextractivist Settlement Projects (PEAEX) Dorothy Stang and PEAEX Joana Peres. The aim is to investigate the history of the area, in addition to carrying out a survey on the socioeconomic, production, income and organization of families, with the aim of identifying their trajectories and perspectives. During the research, a large number of social organizations were identified that built collective political actions with public agents, a network of articulation of movements and with peasant families. The local organization of families allowed the construction of repertoires to achieve land regularization, which is very significant. However, there is still a fragility in the engagement of families, which is reflected in the low adherence to trade unions, and of the social movement, which weakens the political-pedagogical formative process of collective social actions, within the scope of the dispute over territories, natural resources, maintenance of the traditional way of life. The methodology used was the case study, based on qualitative research, with field collection at two moments, in the years 2021 and 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper serves as a continuation of a study on the interconnections between the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and the Catholic Church, beginning with a critical analysis of Liberation Theology and its hermeneutical challenges. This second part employs narrative analysis and historical-scientific analysis to demonstrate that, by repeatedly presenting characters who are wealthy landowners and/or homeowners, Luke is advancing a theological proposition and an ethical one. The theological proposition is that God is the rightful owner of all land (as an economic good). The ethical thesis is that, since God is the land's quintessential owner, any human being who possesses real estate must use it altruistically as opposed to selfish practices. Therefore, this study not only advances the dialogue between theology and social practice, but also offers invaluable insights for ecclesiastical reflection on land ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reforming agrarian law will only be successful if agrarian law prioritizes farmers as the main pillar of national economic development, without ignoring the interests of investors and large investors as a source of development financing. In following up on the policy of reforming Agrarian law as regulated in the UUPA, the government has issued a decree as outlined in MPR Decree Number: IX/MPR/2001 concerning Agrarian Reform and Natural Resource Management. To overcome problems that will later hinder the implementation of agrarian law reform in Indonesia, Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution must be used as the ideal basis and constitutional basis for every legal act carried out by the State, meaning that regulations or policies issued in the context of implementing agrarian law reform must be based on on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Agrarian conflict is still a legal problem in Indonesia. The presence of a strategy in the form of agrarian reform is expected to be able to make a real contribution in realizing social justice and people's prosperity for all Indonesian people. The implementation of agrarian reform is characterized by comprehensive asset management and access management, so it is important to carry out a comprehensive evaluation with fairness and community empowerment. The results obtained from this research show that the organizers of agrarian reform are expected to be able to guarantee increased community welfare and realize social justice, whether through the efforts of the Agrarian Reform Task Force (GTRA) or the Government which carries out a compromise strategy with ministries/institutions to ensure land rights through agrarian reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El presente artículo pretende establecer lineamientos para efectos de que los operadores de tierras puedan zanjar las ambigüedades interpretativas que se presentan a la hora de calificar la naturaleza jurídica de los predios. Desde criterios lógicos, históricos y teleológicos se establecen parámetros interpretativos de aplicación del artículo 48 de la Ley 160 de 1994 referente a las fórmulas de acreditación de propiedad privada, sustentando una visión transaccional que permitiría unificar criterios en los procedimientos y evitar que la calificación de un predio sea una actividad bizantina de paleografía que conllevaría a que tengamos que esperar otros 200 años para contar en Colombia con un inventario completo de la propiedad y así emprender con efectividad las reformas que nuestra sociedad requiere.

Num país tão desigual quanto o Brasil, a questão agrária, a luta por reforma agrária e a educação nesses territórios precisam ser evidenciadas e discutidas, principalmente nesse momento do levante do fascismo no nosso país. No sentido de visualizar as tramas histórico-políticas dos movimentos sociais do campo no sudeste da Amazônia Paraense, este artigo busca abordar a criação de assentamentos rurais enquanto território de vida e de aprendizado. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo consistiu em apresentar os principais fatos históricos de constituição desses territórios e como são organizados o processo de luta pela terra, pela vida e pela educação do campo. À medida que esses territórios são organizados pelos trabalhadores rurais, o sudeste paraense vai modificando sua estrutura fundiária e educacional. São atualmente 514 projetos de assentamentos da reforma agrária no sudeste do Pará, onde residem 72.162 famílias assentadas nesta região (INCRA, 2017). Abrange uma superfície de 43.177,51 quilômetros quadrados, cerca de 14,53% da região sudeste paraense. Em um território em permanente disputa, conclui-se que os trabalhadores do campo estão em movimento, se mobilizando e articulando em busca dos seus direitos pela vida, pela terra e pelo conhecimento. A luta continua por uma educação que seja libertadora, que tenha justiça e dignidade social no campo, enfim por uma sociedade sem concentração de renda, de poder e saber. Palavras chave: Amazônia Paraense. Educação. Reforma Agrária

El golpe de estado liderado por el general Juan Velasco Alvarado el 3 de octubre de 1968 en Perú marcó el inicio de la ley de reforma agraria, la cual se extendió desde 1969 hasta 1980. Esta reforma implicó la expropiación de extensas tierras de grandes empresas, incluyendo la prominente Hacienda Casa Grande, una de las principales azucareras del país. Las tierras expropiadas se redistribuyeron entre campesinos y comunidades rurales con el objetivo de mejorar sus condiciones de vida y promover la igualdad en la tenencia de tierras. La reforma no solo impactó en el sector económico, sino también en la estructura organizacional de la hacienda, ya que las tierras pasaron a manos de los agricultores. En el caso de Casa Grande, la producción de azúcar experimentó un notable aumento entre 1969 y 1975, alcanzando su punto máximo junto con las exportaciones. Esto generó ingresos sustanciales para la hacienda, aunque estos resultados también estuvieron influenciados por factores como los precios favorables del azúcar en ese período.

In the last few decades, the worsening of the global climate crisis has constituted new challenges for environmental and social sciences, especially in the mobilization of theoretical-methodological approaches capable of explaining the socioecological complexity of the problem. The current study comprises an effort in this sense, guided by the following question: “How do climate emergencies affect the social and political order in modernity in times of climate emergency or global risk society?”. The objective is to explain how the new socioecological issues have impacted the disputes around the Agrarian Reform in the country. For this purpose, a case study was carried out in the Mário Lago settlement, Ribeirão Preto/SP, whose justification is based on defense of the environment, especially on protecting the waters of the Guarani Aquifer. In addition to that, the sociology of justifications and the sociology of metamorphoses were adopted as theoretical assumptions. For composition of the data corpuses, 16 interviews were carried out in the life report model, with actors involved in the socioecological valuation of the settlement, as well as the monitoring of disputes in local public arenas. The strategies for the production of diverse veracity evidence that provides the basis for the discourses justifying the ecological option mobilized by the MST were also analyzed. It is concluded that the socioecological principles have been consolidated as a new functionality of Agriculture, representing a significant social and political force in disputes around the Agrarian Reform, considering the case of the state of São Paulo in particular.