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This study evaluates the prognostic significance of various biomarkers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) among 50 patients, focusing on sex prevalence, case distribution, age group distribution according to final diagnosis, proteinuria severity, and the impact of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). The findings reveal a higher prevalence of CKD in males (58%) compared to females (42%), with diabetic nephropathy(DN) being the most common diagnosis (34%). Severe proteinuria was notably higher in conditions like DN and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN). TIN was associated with significant reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), indicating severe renal impairment. Correlation analyses showed a strong negative relationship between serum creatinine and eGFR (-0.67), and a positive correlation between serum creatinine and uric acid levels (0.24), indicating reduced kidney function with higher creatinine levels. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF), particularly C3c positivity, played a crucial role in confirming diagnoses and was linked to higher levels of uric acid and 24-hour urine protein, suggesting more severe disease. These insights underscore the importance of integrating traditional biochemical markers with advanced immunopathological techniques for comprehensive CKD diagnosis and management, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arthritis is an umbrella term that refers to approx 200 rheumatic diseases and conditions that affect various joints of the body, which including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune and common systemic inflammatory disease that results in joint deformity and functional disability when not properly managed. The early diagnosis and treatment of RA are imperative for optimal disease management, a greater probability of remission, and prevention of permanent clinical and radiographic damage. Objectives: The present study was conducted to study the value of rheumatoid factor (RF), anticyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (anti-CCP), and anti-RA33 autoantibodies for diagnosis of RA and prediction of outcome in patients with very early arthritis. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre situated at western part of India which included 30 patients aged between 18 - 65 years who presented with multiple joints pain. Inclusion criteria included Population aged between 18 to 65 years with clinically suspected patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Duration of signs and symptoms more than 6 weeks. Exclusion criteria included Patients <18 years and >65 years, patients with other chronic diseases such as Carcinoma, Diabetes mellitus, HIV, etc. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 30 patients, 57% of patients were females and rest 43% males. Out of which 66.66% patients were positive for antibodies and 33.33% were negative. Rheumatoid arthritis positivity was seen in 60% cases while other arthropathies were observed in 40% of cases. Specific antibody wise distribution shows 75% positivity with RF - IgM plus ACPA (Anticitrulline protein antibody) and 25% positivity with RA - 33 antibody. Conclusion: LIA based autoantibody testing in early inflammatory joint disease, should be used as a sensitive and effective strategy for distinguishing patients with RA at high risk for poor outcome. Anti - CCP is an extremely helpful diagnostic marker being not only highly specific for RA but also strongly associated with erosive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]