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Abstract Background Malnutrition is a common geriatric syndrome that is closely associated with adverse clinical outcomes and poses significant harm to older adults. Early assessment of nutritional status plays a crucial role in preventing and intervening in cases of malnutrition. However, there is currently a lack of measurable methods and biomarkers to evaluate malnutrition in older adults accurately. The aim of this study is to investigate the independent correlation between serum levels of amino acids and malnutrition in older adults, and to identify effective metabolomics biomarkers that can aid in the early detection of geriatric malnutrition. Methods A total of 254 geriatric medical examination participants from Beijing Hospital were included in the study, consisting of 182 individuals with normal nutritional status (Normal group) and 72 patients at risk of malnutrition or already malnourished (MN group). Malnutrition was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF). Demographic data were collected, and muscle-related and lipid indexes were determined. Serum amino acid concentrations were measured using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The correlation between serum amino acid levels and malnutrition was analyzed using non-parametric tests, partial correlation analysis, linear regression, and logistic regression. Results The geriatric MN group exhibited significantly lower serum aromatic amino acid levels (P

Abstract Background Hypertension and frailty often occur concurrently, exhibiting increasing prevalence in the older population. In this study, we analyzed the frailty status among older adults with hypertension and the impact of their interaction on death risk. Method This prospective cohort survey study included data from older people in an urban community in Beijing collected between 2009 and 2020 using the cluster random sampling method. The participants were older adults who were ≥ 60 years old at the time of investigation and had lived at the place of investigation for > 1 year. The survey variables comprised those related to health and frailty status assessed during the 2009 baseline survey, along with death-related information as outcome variables in 2020. Additionally, a frailty index (FI) model was used to examine the frailty status among the older adults at baseline. The effects of hypertension prevalence on the age-related frailty changes as well as on mortality for varying degrees of frailty were further analyzed. Lastly, Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier curves were applied to evaluate the impact of the interaction between hypertension and frailty on death risk. Results Ultimately, 1197 older individuals aged between 60 and 101 years(average age at baseline: 74.8 ± 8.6 years) were included .Among them, 475 individuals were men (mean age:74.8 ± 8.8 years), and 722 were women (mean age:74.8 ± 8.4 years).Frailty was identified in 151 individuals, leading to a prevalence rate of 12.6%(151/1197),while hypertension was detected in 593 (prevalence rate:49.5% [593/1197]).A total of 443 deaths were recorded by 2020, resulting in a mortality rate of 37.0% (443/1197).Moreover, FI values and mortality rates were higher at any age in older adults with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. Survival time analysis showed that the median survival time of older adults with hypertension and frailty was the shortest (39.0[95%CI: 35.6–42.3] months)when compared with that of older adults without hypertension but with frailty (52.9 [95%CI: 46.6-59.3] months), those with hypertension but without frailty (102.7 [95%CI: 98.7–106.8] months), and those without hypertension and frailty (127.9 [95%CI: 113.5–134.7] months),with log-rank x 2 = 999.686 and P