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The term “rapid prototyping” (RP) refers to a variety of methods for creating “physical models based on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing”. With the aid of RP technology, practically any variation of the surface and interior anatomical structure may be replicated in a medical model that is constructed layer by layer. To create the physical model, layer-by-layer construction is carried out using a variety of processes, including stereolithography, selective laser sintering, inkjet printing, and fused deposit modeling. Data for RP is received from magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans, which are then turned into digital images and then into standard triangulation language files. The use of this computerized programming in orthodontics incorporates “diagnosis and treatment planning”, the creation of removable “orthodontic appliances”, “impression trays” for indirect bonding, “3D printed occlusal splints and aligners”, prototype models used in various orthognathic surgeries, and the production of a distractor for distraction osteogenesis. It increases a crucial understanding at the time of preoperative treatment planning and raises the effectiveness of the therapy, yet, clinical judgment is still essential. Applications of RP for an orthodontist vary, and if we utilize it creatively, the future appears more hopeful. This article briefly reviews key advancements, challenges, and prospects in the integration of rapid prototyping and 3D printing, shaping a promising future for orthodontics.

Abstract Agro-waste is the outcome of the under-utilization of bioresources and a lack of knowledge to re-use this waste in proper ways or a circular economy approach. In the Indian medicinal system, the root of Cyperus scariosus (CS) is used at a large scale due to their vital medicinal properties. Unfortunately, the aerial part of CS is treated as agro-waste and is an under-utilized bioresource. Due to a lack of knowledge, CS is treated as a weed. This present study is the first ever attempt to explore CS leaves as medicinally and a nutrient rich source. To determine the food and nutritional values of the neglected part of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (CS), i.e. CS leaves, phytochemicals and metal ions of CS were quantified by newly developed HPLC and ICPOES-based methods. The content of the phytochemicals observed in HPLC analysis for caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, trans-p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid was 10.51, 276.15, 279.09, 70.53, and 36.83 µg/g, respectively. In GC–MS/MS analysis, fatty acids including linolenic acid, phytol, palmitic acid, etc. were identified. In ICPOES analysis, the significant content of Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn was observed. The TPC and TFC of the CS leaves was 17.933 mg GAE eq./g and 130.767 mg QCE eq./g along with an IC50 value of 2.78 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and better antacid activity was measured than the standard (CaCO3). The methanolic extract of CS leaves showed anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15 ± 2 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 ± 2 mm) and Escherichia coli (10 ± 2 mm). In silico studies confirmed the in vitro results obtained from the antioxidant, antiacid, and anti-microbial studies. In addition, in silico studies revealed the anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potential of the CS leaves. This study, thus, demonstrated the medicinal significance of the under-utilized part of CS and the conversion of agro-waste into mankind activity as a pharmaceutical potent material. Consequently, the present study highlighted that CS leaves have medicinal importance with good nutritional utility and have a large potential in the pharmaceutical industry along with improving bio-valorization and the environment.

BACKGROUND: One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to improve facial attractiveness. To orthodontists, this means that the nose, lips, and chin form an attractive outline when the faces are viewed from one side. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of lip inclination on perceived attractiveness using North Indian observer ratings on profile silhouettes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A profile photograph of an Indian male and female were converted to silhouettes for the study using computer software. The lip inclination of the idealized profile image was altered in two-degree increments to create a series of profiles with different upper lip inclination angles and rated by laypersons on a Likert scale. RESULTS: An angle of 79° was deemed to be neither attractive nor unattractive. Therefore, within the range of 65°–75°, the pictures were deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range, up to 91° were perceived as slightly unattractive, and anything outside the range of 93°–105° was deemed very unattractive. LIMITATIONS: The study is not generalizable to ethnic groups other than the North Indian population. Another limitation is the inability to visualize the entire face for a complete facial analysis. CONCLUSION: An upper lip inclination of 75°–85° in the male profile was associated with perceived attractiveness in all three groups whereas it was in the range of 65°–75° for a female profile. An upper lip inclination angle ranging from 95° to 105° was associated with unattractiveness in all three groups of observers and requires correctional intervention.

Firstly, this paper discusses the adverse effects of voltage unbalanced on the steady state performance of 3-Phase Induction Motor (3-0 IM). The characteristics of 3-Phase IM under the various conditions and degree of voltage unbalanced have been analyzed during its steady state condition. It is shown that the voltage unbalanced condition as well as degree of unbalanced produce the pulsation in torque and speed. Consequently, there is a reduction in the efficiency and increment in the copper loss of 3- 0 IM. Furthermore, the shortfalls of existing Power Quality (PQ) index, namely voltage unbalanced factor (VUF), used for the assessment of performance of 3- 0 IM under the voltage unbalanced condition, are highlighted. Finally, an index, namely Complex Voltage Sum (CVS) denoted by Vot, using symmetrical components of voltage, has been developed to overcome the shortfalls associated with VUE And it has been shown that Vot is sufficient to indicate both the degree and condition of voltage unbalanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous technologies for cleaning the environment without producing hazardous waste products have arisen in response to the rise in environmental pollution. Industrialization and the growing population have put society to a hard test. Continuous discharge of heavy metals (chromium, nickel, copper, mercury etc.) in water bodies is increasing by anthropogenic activities; these cause bio accumulation and shift towards a resistant microbial community. These hazardous metals enter the human body through water and food, creating a slew of health issues. Chromium (VI) is one such toxic pollutant and is more toxic than chromium (III). Several environment‐friendly technologies have been developed for decontaminating wastewater by using microorganisms. Microalgae, cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi are used for heavy metals eradication from the water due to their metal tolerance, bioaccumulation and biotransformation capacity. In this study two cyanobacteria strains were compared for their physiological response and metal tolerance for Cr (VI) stress. Leptolyngbya lignicola and Phormidium tenue were grown in a medium containing various concentrations of chromium (1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm), and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, proline, amino acid, carbohydrate, reducing sugar and lipid content) were measured. The findings revealed that P. tenue was more sensitive to metal stress than L. lignicola. P. tenue showed a decreasing trend for all biochemical parameters except proline at higher ad lower doses of Cr (VI) stress. However L. lignicola showed an increase in biomass (6.09%) and other biochemical parameters over control at lower metal stress concentration (1 ppm), whereas, a gradual decrease in all parameters except proline was observed at higher concentrations. Further L. lignicola showing high tolerance index can be preferred for metal remediation from the water bodies of heavy metal contaminated area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the optimal control of speed and regenerative braking in an electric vehicle (EV). The presence of the continuous generating power is one of the major challenges for battery charging of electric vehicle. In order to meet the demand of continuous power, electric vehicles are driven by solar PV arrays. Initially, maximum power extraction (MPPT) is assessed from a solar photovoltaic (PV) array using the P&O method. The outputs of the solar PV array are integrated with electric vehicles. Such integration creates the problem of maintaining the power quality. The existing methods also address the issue of optimal speed and torque control with high transients and more settling time. In this article, an electric vehicle is modeled first and then operated in regenerative braking mode. To address the shortcomings of existing methods, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method is used; then, fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based LQR is used for optimal speed and torque control during electric vehicle regenerative braking. In terms of reduced settling time and improved peak overshoot, optimal speed and regenerative torque of electric vehicles are better realized with LQR-based FLCs than with LQR controllers. In addition to this, stopping speed characteristics with various electrical parameters (voltage, current, and flux) have been analyzed with different methods in which LQR-based FLC shows its dominance to attain zero speed in regenerative mode with more sharp characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at enhancing the oral bioavailability of the BCS class 2 drug Ibrutinib (IBR), which exhibits low solubility (0.002 mg/mL) and high permeability (3.9% oral bioavailability). This was achieved through the formulation and evaluation of Ibrutinib-loaded Glycyrrhizic acid conjugated egg ovalbumin nanoparticles (IBR-GA-EA NPs) and Ibrutinib-Glycyrrhizic acid complex (IBR-GA-COMP). The formulation of Ibrutinib-Glycyrrhizic acid complex aimed to enhance the oral bioavailability of Ibrutinib. Lyophilized Ibrutinib-Glycyrrhizic acid complex was prepared and characterized through various studies including DSC, FTIR, in vitro release, and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies. DSC and FTIR confirmed successful formulation development. The nanoparticles exhibited spherical morphology with favourable characteristics: particle size of 194.10 nm, PDI of 0.22, and zeta potential of -33.96 mV. Encapsulation efficiency was 82.88%. In vitro release study displayed major improvement in drug release pattern compared to the free drug suspension. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated 3.21-fold and 3.41-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of IBR-GA-EA NPs and IBR-GA-COMP, respectively, compared to IBR suspension alone. The formulated IBR-GA-EA NPs and IBR-GA-COMP are promising drug delivery methods as they successfully improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of Ibrutinib.

Justification: Neurodevelopmental disorders, as per DSM-V, are described as a group of conditions with onset in the development period of childhood. There is a need to distinguish the process of habilitation and rehabilitation, especially in a developing country like India, and define the roles of all stakeholders to reduce the burden of neurodevelopmental disorders., Process: Subject experts and members of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Chapter of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, who reviewed the literature on the topic, developed key questions and prepared the first draft on guidelines. The guidelines were then discussed by the whole group through online meetings, and the contentious issues were discussed until a general consensus was arrived at. Following this, the final guidelines were drafted by the writing group and approved by all contributors., Objectives: These guidelines aim to provide practical clinical guidelines for pediatricians on the prevention, early diagnosis and management of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in the Indian settings. It also defines the roles of developmental pediatricians and development nurse counselor., Statement: There is a need for nationwide studies with representative sampling on epidemiology of babies with early NDD in the first 1000 days in India. Specific learning disability (SLD) has been documented as the most common NDD after 6 years in India, and special efforts should be made to establish the epidemiology of infants and toddlers at risk for SLD, where ever measures are available. Preconception counseling as part of focusing on first 1000 days; Promoting efforts to organize systematic training programs in Newborn Resuscitation Program (NRP); Lactation management; Developmental follow-up and Early stimulation for SNCU/ NICU graduates; Risk stratification of NICU graduates, Newborn Screening; Counseling parents; Screening for developmental delay by trained professionals using simple validated Indian screening tools at 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months; Holistic assessment of 10 NDDs at child developmental clinics (CDCs) / district early intervention centre (DEICs) by multidisciplinary team members; Confirmation of diagnosis by developmental pediatrician/developmental neurologist/child psychiatrist using clinical/diagnostic tools; Providing parent guided low intensity multimodal therapies before 3 years age as a center-based or home-based or community-based rehabilitation; Developmental pediatrician to seek guidance of pediatric neurologist, geneticist, child psychiatrist, physiatrist, and other specialists, when necessary; and Need to promote ongoing academic programs in clinical child development for capacity building of community based therapies, are the chief recommendations.