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Experimental soil heating experiments have found a consistent increase in soil-surface CO2 emissions (Fs), but inconsistent soil organic carbon (SOC) responses. Interpretation of heating effects is complicated by spatial heterogeneity and soil moisture, nitrogen availability, and microbial and plant responses. Here we applied a mechanistic ecosystem model to interpret heating impacts on a California forest subjected to 1 m deep, 4°C heating. The model accurately simulated control-plot CO2 fluxes, SOC stocks, fine root biomass, soil moisture, and soil temperature, and the observed increases in Fs and decreases in fine root biomass. We show that a complex suite of interactions can lead to a consistent increase in Fs (∼17%) over the 5-year study period, with very small changes in SOC stocks (

Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its management represents real economic and public health burdens, accentuated by periods of acute disease deterioration, called exacerbations. Some researchers have studied the interest of monitoring patients’ breathing rate as an indicator of exacerbation, although achieving limited sensitivity and/or specificity. In this study, we look to improve the previously described method, by combining breathing variables, using multiple daily measures, and using an artificial intelligence-based novelty detection approach. Methods Patients with COPD were monitored with a telemedicine device during their stay in a rehabilitation care center. Daily measures are compared to individually trained reference models based on: i. oxygen therapy duration ii. mean breathing rate, iii. mean inspiratory amplitude, iv. mean breathing rate and mean inspiratory amplitude, v. average distribution of breathing rate and inspiratory amplitude, vi. hidden Markov model (HMM) from a time series of breathing rate and inspiratory amplitude. Results A set of 16 recordings with exacerbation and 23 recordings without exacerbation was obtained. When using a daily measure of breathing rate, pre-exacerbation periods were identified with a specificity of 50% and a sensitivity of 55.6%. The method based on daily oxygen therapy usage and the method based on time series obtain a sensitivity of 76.8% and 73.2%, respectively, for a fixed specificity of 50%. Conclusion A single daily measure of breathing rate alone is not sufficient for the detection of pre-exacerbation periods. More complete models also achieve limited performance, equivalent to models based on changes in the duration of therapy usage.

Abstract Background and purpose Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disease belonging to the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes and characterized by hypocellular bone marrow, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities. SDS is associated with increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although SDS is not primarily considered an inflammatory disorder, some of the associated conditions (e.g., neutropenia, pancreatitis and bone marrow dysfunction) may involve inflammation or immune system dysfunctions. We have already demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were hyperactivated and associated with elevated IL-6 levels in SDS leukocytes. In this study, we analyzed the level of phosphoproteins involved in STAT3 and mTOR pathways in SDS lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) and the secretomic profile of soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in SDS plasma and LCLs in order to investigate the systemic inflammation in these patients and relative pathways. Methods Twenty-six SDS patients and seven healthy donors of comparable age were recruited during the programmed follow-up visits for clinical evaluation at the Verona Cystic Fibrosis Center Human. The obtained samples (plasma and/or LCLs) were analyzed for: phosphoproteins, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors levels by Bio-plex technology; microRNAs profiling by next generation sequencing (NGS) and microRNAs expression validation by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) . Results We demonstrated dysregulation of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphoproteins in SDS, as their involvement in the hyperactivation of the STAT3 and mTOR pathways confirmed the interplay of these pathways in SDS pathophysiology. However, both these signaling pathways are strongly influenced by the inflammatory environment. Here, we reported that SDS is characterized by elevated plasma levels of several soluble proinflammatory mediators. In vitro experiments show that these pro-inflammatory genes are closely correlated with STAT3/mTOR pathway activation. In addition, we found that miR-181a-3p is down-regulated in SDS. Since this miRNA acts as a regulator of several pro-inflammatory pathways such as STAT3 and ERK1/2, its down-regulation may be a driver of the constitutive inflammation observed in SDS patients. Conclusions The results obtained in this study shed light on the complex pathogenetic mechanism underlying bone marrow failure and leukemogenesis in SDS, suggesting the need for anti-inflammatory therapies for SDS patients.

Abstract Continuous access to electronic health records will fuel the digital transformation of medicine. For data-sharing initiatives, the challenge lies in ensuring data access aligns with the interests of data holders. Federated data access authorization, where data remains controlled locally, may offer a solution to balance these interests. This paper reports on a digital health implementation of the federated data access authorization system used in the German National Emergency Department Data Registry. Using data from 2017 to 2024, we analyzed the system’s effectiveness in managing data access in a nationwide research network of 58 emergency departments. Facilitating access to more than 7.9 million records, 75% of data access queries were authorized within 15 days. The system also supports periodic queries, enabling recurring real-time access. Query volumes grew from 15 to over 23,000 by 2024, with completion rates of 86%. The system may thus serve as a blueprint for data-sharing initiatives worldwide.

The InsectAI COST action will support insect monitoring and conservation at the national and continental scale in order to understand and counteract widespread insect declines. The Action will bring together a critical mass of researchers and stakeholders in image-based insect AI technologies to direct and drive the research agenda, build research capacity across Europe and support innovation and application.There is mounting evidence that populations of insects around the world are in sharp decline. Understanding trends in species and their drivers is key to knowing the size of the challenge, its causes and how to address it. To identify solutions that lead to sustainable biodiversity alongside economic prosperity, insect monitoring should be efficient and provide standardised and frequently updated status indicators to guide conservation actions.The EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 identifies the critical challenge of delivering standardised information about the state of nature and image-based insect AI can contribute to this. Specifically, the EU Nature Restoration Law will likely set binding targets for the high resolution data that cameras can provide. Thus, outputs of the Action will contribute directly to EU policies implementation, where biodiversity monitoring is considered a key component.The InsectAI COST Action will organise workshops, conferences, short-term scientific missions, hackathons, design-sprints and much more, across four Working Groups. These groups will address how image-based insect AI technologies can best address Societal Needs, support innovation in Image Collection hardware, create standardised approaches for Image Processing and develop novel Data Analysis and Integration methods for turning data into actionable insights.

A pandemia da Covid-19 acarretou, além de mortes e hospitalizações, impactos psicológicos negativos para a população e comunidade da saúde. A alta transmissibilidade do vírus, ansiedade devido isolamento e medo da morte foram vivências experienciadas com maior intensidade por pacientes hospitalizados, familiares e trabalhadores da linha de frente do cuidado. Diante disso, os psicólogos que atuam na assistência hospitalar receberam uma larga demanda de cuidado e suas ferramentas de trabalho exigiram adaptação para o novo cenário, marcado pela redução de contato físico. O objetivo deste artigo foi mapear as estratégias utilizadas por psicóloga/os hospitalares durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão integrativa de literatura, onde foram selecionados 14 artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2023, do tipo relato de experiência, a partir das bases de dados online BVS, Capes, PePSIC e Google Acadêmico, com os descritores “psicologia hospitalar”, “Covid-19” e “relato”. Os resultados destacam ações que envolvera comunicação remota e atividades presenciais, e dificuldades encontradas na prática da psicologia hospitalar, como a sobrecarga de trabalho e falta de conhecimento específico sobre o vírus. Observou-se que, apesar de as estratégias presenciais serem mantidas a partir dos protocolos de biossegurança, o uso de tecnologias foi utilizado com frequência para teleatendimentos, acolhimento online, plantões de atendimento psicológico remoto e visitas virtuais. Nota-se a importância de ações educativas e promoção de saúde mental aos profissionais de saúde afim de garantir desempenho eficaz. As estratégias adotadas durante a pandemia se mostraram valiosas, podendo desempenhar importante função enquanto medidas permanentes.

Introdução: Atualmente, existem cerca de 235 milhões de pessoas com asma no mundo, de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde. No Brasil, em torno de 20 milhões, aproximadamente 10% da população apresenta anualmente 350.000 internações por causa da asma no país, o que acarreta diversas perdas financeiras com impactos sociais diretos e indiretos; tanto para o indivíduo quanto para sua família. Existem gastos financeiros em saúde, que vão além do custo com medicamentos, que são decorrentes das idas aos serviços de saúde, compra de outros produtos para saúde, perda de produtividade causados pelo absenteísmo ou desemprego. Objetivo: Descrever e avaliar os gastos que os asmáticos e seus familiares relataram ter ocorrido no ano de 2022. Material e Método: A partir da realização de um estudo transversal descritivo, que entrevistou usuários diagnosticados com asma no sistema único de saúde, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos atendidos em uma Unidade de Saúde do Sul do Brasil, no período de março a abril de 2022, ainda sob reflexos da Pandemia de Covid-19. No momento da dispensação do salbutamol foi realizado o convite para a participação da pesquisa, com assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e a aplicação do questionário de custos familiares da Asma, respondendo às perguntas referentes aos gastos realizados em 2022. Os gastos foram descritos por média e desvio-padrão e apresentados em reais (R$) e dólar (US$) por paridade do poder de compra. Resultados: dos 57 entrevistados, 43 (75,4%) relataram ter gastos próprios diversos com saúde e cinco (11,6%) destes relataram perda de emprego ou de dias de trabalho devido a asma, como também queda de rendimento financeiro, tendo valores médios de R$2.300,00 (US$909,09). Além disso, 31 (72,1%) das pessoas gastaram em média R$100,23 (US$9.62) com transporte; 6 (14,0%) relataram outros gastos relacionados ao deslocamento para serviços de saúde com alimentação e estacionamento, em média de R$44,33 (US$17,52); 17 (40%) gastaram em média R$132,29 (US$52,29) com medicamentos; 7 (16,3%) gastaram em média R$614,29 (US$242,80) em consultas e exames; 11 (25,6%) gastaram em média R$445,45 (US$176.07) com plano de saúde e 10 (23,3%) relataram que gastaram em média R$678,10 (US$ 268,02) com outros gastos extras relacionados à asma. Conclusões: Foram identificados gastos diretos e indiretos com saúde como: perda de rendimentos; exames, consultas, transporte, alimentação, perda de emprego e outros. A trajetória percorrida pelas pessoas em busca de atendimento e tratamento para a asma é muito sinuosa, considerada uma barreira de acesso, pois, quando gastos extras são gerados, uma demanda de saúde pode deixar de ser atendida, trazendo consequências graves para a prevenção de doenças e para a promoção da saúde. A maioria das pessoas entrevistadas apresentaram gastos além daqueles com medicamentos relacionados à asma, os quais impactaram na renda pessoal ou familiar. Isso pode refletir na continuidade do tratamento farmacoterapêutico, trazendo dificuldades no controle da asma.

Abstract Experimental soil heating experiments have found a consistent increase in soil‐surface CO2 emissions (Fs), but inconsistent soil organic carbon (SOC) responses. Interpretation of heating effects is complicated by spatial heterogeneity and soil moisture, nitrogen availability, and microbial and plant responses. Here we applied a mechanistic ecosystem model to interpret heating impacts on a California forest subjected to 1 m deep, 4°C heating. The model accurately simulated control‐plot CO2 fluxes, SOC stocks, fine root biomass, soil moisture, and soil temperature, and the observed increases in Fs and decreases in fine root biomass. We show that a complex suite of interactions can lead to a consistent increase in Fs (∼17%) over the 5‐year study period, with very small changes in SOC stocks (

BackgroundRecent developments have made the thrombin generation (TG) test accessible to the clinical laboratory. Therefore, the clinical interpretation of TG parameters has become of increasing interest, and reference values are required. Age and sex have been shown to affect TG parameters, but no consensus has been reached on the subject. We investigated the effect of age and sex on TG parameters to determine the need for age and sex specific reference values for TG.MethodsTG was measured in 22,014 individuals of the Moli-sani study, a cross-sectional cohort of the general adult Italian population. TG was measured using Calibrated Automated Thrombinography in platelet poor plasma (PPP) using PPP reagent Low and PPP reagent, in the presence and absence of thrombomodulin (TM).ResultsIndividuals were grouped into 6 age categories: 35–44 years of age (n = 5,073), 45–54 (n = 6,448), 55–64 (n = 5,516), 65–74 (n = 3,539), 75–84 (n = 1,261), and 85 years of age and older (n = 106). Men and women were distributed evenly in the age categories. Smoking was more common at younger age, whereas cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were more common at older age (p

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se há diferença na classificação da hipernasalidade de fala de ouvintes não experientes usando escalas ordinais distintas; verificar a concordância dos ouvintes nas análises ao empregar estas escalas e verificar se a ordem de apresentação das escalas influencia os resultados. Método Vinte acadêmicos em Fonoaudiologia classificaram os graus de hipernasalidade de 40 amostras (orais) de pacientes com fissura labiopalatina. Dez realizaram as classificações utilizando escala de 4 pontos (ausente, leve, moderada e grave) e, após duas semanas, utilizando escala de 3 pontos (ausente, pouco hipernasal e muito hipernasal). Outros dez alunos realizaram as mesmas classificações, porém em ordem inversa. As classificações foram feitas de forma remota e documentadas em um formulário. Resultados A porcentagem média de respostas corretas dos alunos, em relação ao padrão-ouro, foi significativamente maior para a escala de 3 pontos. Não houve interação significativa entre ordem de apresentação e escala para o percentual de acerto das classificações. A concordância dos alunos em relação à avaliação padrão-ouro foi regular (escala de 3 pontos) e moderada (escala de 4 pontos). A porcentagem média de concordância das análises intra-avaliador foi significativamente maior para a escala de 3 pontos. Não houve interação significativa entre ordem de apresentação e escala para o percentual das classificações intra-avaliadores. O índice de coeficiente Kappa mostrou concordância intra-avaliador mais favorável para a escala reduzida. Conclusão A escala reduzida favoreceu a classificação da hipernasalidade de fala pelos ouvintes e pode ser considerada uma importante estratégia para favorecer as avaliações iniciais de acadêmicos em Fonoaudiologia durante sua formação.

Summary: A significant portion of human cancers utilize a recombination-based pathway, alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), to extend telomeres. To gain further insights into this pathway, we developed a high-throughput imaging-based screen named TAILS (telomeric ALT in situ localization screen) to identify genes that either promote or inhibit ALT activity. Screening over 1,000 genes implicated in DNA transactions, TAILS reveals both well-established and putative ALT modulators. Here, we present the validation of factors that promote ALT, such as the nucleosome-remodeling factor CHD4 and the chromatin reader SGF29, as well as factors that suppress ALT, including the RNA helicases DExD-box helicase 39A/B (DDX39A/B), the replication factor TIMELESS, and components of the chromatin assembly factor CAF1. Our data indicate that defects in histone deposition significantly contribute to ALT-associated phenotypes. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that pharmacological treatments can be employed to either exacerbate or suppress ALT-associated phenotypes.

This article pays homage to Black Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) players and their activist efforts. Such players are often-overlooked activists who are always "holdin it down" while simultaneously keeping activism at the forefront of their agenda. When the 2020 Women's National Basketball Association season opened, the athletes in this league took the opportunity to highlight social injustice in the United States; not surprising given the history of Black feminism and athlete activism in this league. Using underwater waves as a metaphor, we examine how the intersectionality of Black feminism and Black athlete activism has largely gone unnoticed. Feminism and women's rights movements have largely been associated with White women while Black activism has been associated with Black men. This manuscript aims to highlight the efforts of Black women and nonbinary athletes whose work has been instrumental in societal progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporotrichosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is spreading and causing epidemics in large urban centers. Cats are the most susceptible species to develop the disease, which could cause significant systemic lesions. The aim was to investigate and to identify predictive indicators of disease progression by correlations between the blood profile (hematological and biochemical analytes) and cutaneous lesion patterns of 70 cats diagnosed with Sporothrix brasiliensis. The higher occurrence in male cats in this study could be related to being non-neutered and having access to open spaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) with two principal components, followed by binary logistic regression, and binary logistic regression analysis, with independent variables and backward elimination modeling, were performed to evaluate hematological (n = 56) and biochemical (n = 34) analytes, including red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, total plasma protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase. Two logistic regression models (PCA and independent variables) were employed to search for a predicted model to correlate fixed (isolated) and disseminated cutaneous lesion patterns. Total plasma protein concentration may be assessed during screening diagnosis as it has been recognized as an independent predictor for the dissemination of cutaneous lesion patterns, with the capability of serving as a predictive biomarker to identify the progression of cutaneous lesions induced by S. brasiliensis infections in cats.

Modern hyperprolific sows are increasingly susceptible to health challenges. Their rapid growth rates predispose them to locomotor disorders, while high metabolic demands, reduced backfat thickness, and increased protein accretion heighten their vulnerability to heat stress and dystocia. Additionally, prolonged farrowing negatively affects the oxidative and inflammatory status of these females. Additionally, prevalent conditions such as gastric ulcers and cystitis raise ethical, welfare, and economic concerns. Despite the several studies related to sow nutrition, there are no studies which compile and extrapolate nutrition approaches from the rearing period and their impact on sows’ health and longevity. Also, the aim of our review was to shed light on gaps that require further investigation. Controlling body condition scores is crucial for maximizing productivity in sows. During gestation, high-fiber diets help maintain optimal body condition and prevent constipation, particularly during the peripartum period. Antioxidants offer a range of beneficial effects during this critical phase. Additionally, probiotics and acidifiers can enhance gut health and lower the risk of genitourinary infections. On the day of farrowing, energy supplementation emerges as a promising strategy to reduce farrowing duration. Collectively, these strategies address major health challenges, enhancing welfare and promoting sow’s longevity.

There is still no consensus on whether intraoral scanning for producing full-arch implant-supported prostheses is effective. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze clinical studies that evaluated intraoral scanning versus conventional impression to obtain rehabilitation of full-arch fixed prostheses and removable. Registration was carried out in the PROSPERO database (CRD: 42020152197). Searches were performed in 11 databases. Review Manager 7.2 (2024) software was used for the quantitative analysis stage (α = 0.05). Bias analysis was conducted using the ROBINS-I and ROB scales, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE scale. The initial search showed 33,975 abstracts and titles, from which, after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 clinical studies were selected. Based on the studies collected, it was observed that there was no difference in the comparison between the digital (DG) and conventional (CG) groups for the following criteria: technical and biological complication rates and marginal bone loss (p > 0.05). The analysis of clinical execution time highlights a notable advantage of the DG over the CG at both scanned patient and implant levels (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, CG achieved fewer retakes than the DG (p < 0.05), demonstrating its reliability in execution. It is concluded that the survival rates of full-arch fixed prostheses produced using intraoral scanning are comparable to those achieved with traditional impression techniques, providing a reliable option for patients. However, further clinical studies are necessary due to the variability in clinical protocols.

While light-driven molecular motors (MMs) hold immense potential to control cell function, low biocompatibility and solubility have hampered their implementation. We developed a novel polypeptide-conjugated MM by linking a propargyl-derivatized light-driven MM to a poly- L -glutamic acid-based carrier (P) with inherent mitochondria tropism through click chemistry, denoted P-MM. P-MM effectively maintained the parental stability and unidirectional rotational capabilities of MM upon irradiation at 405 nm. Light-induced supramolecular conformational changes significantly increased cell uptake compared to non-irradiated controls while retaining the subcellular targeting capacity of P. P-MM exhibited minimal cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production, suggesting a non-disruptive interaction with cell membranes. Overall, we establish a connection between irradiation and enhanced biological responses, demonstrating the potential of integrating MMs with targeted polymeric nanocarriers for controlled, light-responsive behavior in biological systems and innovative applications in advanced therapeutic/diagnostic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its management represents real economic and public health burdens, accentuated by periods of acute disease deterioration, called exacerbations. Some researchers have studied the interest of monitoring patients' breathing rate as an indicator of exacerbation, although achieving limited sensitivity and/or specificity. In this study, we look to improve the previously described method, by combining breathing variables, using multiple daily measures, and using an artificial intelligence-based novelty detection approach. Methods: Patients with COPD were monitored with a telemedicine device during their stay in a rehabilitation care center. Daily measures are compared to individually trained reference models based on: i. oxygen therapy duration ii. mean breathing rate, iii. mean inspiratory amplitude, iv. mean breathing rate and mean inspiratory amplitude, v. average distribution of breathing rate and inspiratory amplitude, vi. hidden Markov model (HMM) from a time series of breathing rate and inspiratory amplitude. Results: A set of 16 recordings with exacerbation and 23 recordings without exacerbation was obtained. When using a daily measure of breathing rate, pre-exacerbation periods were identified with a specificity of 50% and a sensitivity of 55.6%. The method based on daily oxygen therapy usage and the method based on time series obtain a sensitivity of 76.8% and 73.2%, respectively, for a fixed specificity of 50%. Conclusion: A single daily measure of breathing rate alone is not sufficient for the detection of pre-exacerbation periods. More complete models also achieve limited performance, equivalent to models based on changes in the duration of therapy usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous access to electronic health records will fuel the digital transformation of medicine. For data-sharing initiatives, the challenge lies in ensuring data access aligns with the interests of data holders. Federated data access authorization, where data remains controlled locally, may offer a solution to balance these interests. This paper reports on a digital health implementation of the federated data access authorization system used in the German National Emergency Department Data Registry. Using data from 2017 to 2024, we analyzed the system's effectiveness in managing data access in a nationwide research network of 58 emergency departments. Facilitating access to more than 7.9 million records, 75% of data access queries were authorized within 15 days. The system also supports periodic queries, enabling recurring real-time access. Query volumes grew from 15 to over 23,000 by 2024, with completion rates of 86%. The system may thus serve as a blueprint for data-sharing initiatives worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coinciding with athlete mothers' stories gaining media visibility, sport media researchers are studying media discourses to learn more about socially constructed motherhood and sport. The present study extends media research on elite athlete mothers, by using feminist narrative inquiry to interrogate discrimination meanings in sport. North American sport media stories were collected on Canadian athletes' (i.e., boxer Mandy Bujold, basketball player Kim Gaucher) journeys to the 2020 Tokyo Games after being discriminated against due to their motherhood status. Thematic narrative analysis of 103 stories identified three narrative motifs (i.e., recurring concepts) in stories linked to discrimination meanings: last shots, forced to choose, and more than us. The first two motifs are discussed in relation to a motherhood penalty narrative linked to sexism and discrimination. The more than us motif is discussed in relation to the resolution to compete for both athletes, linked to maternal activism and social change. All three motifs exposed and challenged maternal discrimination in sport, using 'feminist consciousness' linked to a neoliberal feminist status quo. These findings show the pedagogical potential of media stories for athlete maternity rights awareness and structural change, while highlighting a need for intersectional feminist reform regarding athlete parents and post-pandemic recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Over recent decades, the swine industry has achieved substantial productivity gains through advancements in genetics, nutrition, and management practices. However, at the same time, there has been a concerning rise in the number of sows being culled earlier than expected and an increase in sow mortality rates. The longevity of sows is crucial for sustainable pig production as it improves productivity and reduces costs. This early removal raises ethical and welfare concerns. Several factors influence sow longevity, making nutritional strategies critical for addressing these challenges and improving sow health and welfare. This article highlights key nutritional approaches to support sow development and longevity while identifying information gaps that warrant further research. For instance, young female pigs (gilts) should be fed separately from other pigs to ensure proper growth and bone development. Special diets are particularly important around the time sows give birth, as this is when they face the highest health risks. The use of fiber, probiotics or antioxidants can help improve the health and resilience of sows during these critical stages. These approaches are promising nutritional tools to improve sow health and welfare and can also benefit the industry's profitability. Modern hyperprolific sows are increasingly susceptible to health challenges. Their rapid growth rates predispose them to locomotor disorders, while high metabolic demands, reduced backfat thickness, and increased protein accretion heighten their vulnerability to heat stress and dystocia. Additionally, prolonged farrowing negatively affects the oxidative and inflammatory status of these females. Additionally, prevalent conditions such as gastric ulcers and cystitis raise ethical, welfare, and economic concerns. Despite the several studies related to sow nutrition, there are no studies which compile and extrapolate nutrition approaches from the rearing period and their impact on sows' health and longevity. Also, the aim of our review was to shed light on gaps that require further investigation. Controlling body condition scores is crucial for maximizing productivity in sows. During gestation, high-fiber diets help maintain optimal body condition and prevent constipation, particularly during the peripartum period. Antioxidants offer a range of beneficial effects during this critical phase. Additionally, probiotics and acidifiers can enhance gut health and lower the risk of genitourinary infections. On the day of farrowing, energy supplementation emerges as a promising strategy to reduce farrowing duration. Collectively, these strategies address major health challenges, enhancing welfare and promoting sow's longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is still no consensus on whether intraoral scanning for producing full-arch implant-supported prostheses is effective. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze clinical studies that evaluated intraoral scanning versus conventional impression to obtain rehabilitation of full-arch fixed prostheses and removable. Registration was carried out in the PROSPERO database (CRD: 42020152197). Searches were performed in 11 databases. Review Manager 7.2 (2024) software was used for the quantitative analysis stage (α = 0.05). Bias analysis was conducted using the ROBINS-I and ROB scales, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE scale. The initial search showed 33,975 abstracts and titles, from which, after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 clinical studies were selected. Based on the studies collected, it was observed that there was no difference in the comparison between the digital (DG) and conventional (CG) groups for the following criteria: technical and biological complication rates and marginal bone loss (p > 0.05). The analysis of clinical execution time highlights a notable advantage of the DG over the CG at both scanned patient and implant levels (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, CG achieved fewer retakes than the DG (p < 0.05), demonstrating its reliability in execution. It is concluded that the survival rates of full-arch fixed prostheses produced using intraoral scanning are comparable to those achieved with traditional impression techniques, providing a reliable option for patients. However, further clinical studies are necessary due to the variability in clinical protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm infants (PIs) are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental impairment compared with term newborns. Adequate postnatal growth has been associated with improved neurocognitive outcomes; therefore, optimization of nutrition may positively impact the neurodevelopment of PIs. Objective: This study focused on macronutrient parenteral nutrition (PN) intake during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay and their associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes in PIs in the first two years of life. Methods: The Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the following subject headings and terms (MeSH): "premature infants", "parenteral nutrition", "growth", "brain", "neurodevelopment", and "central nervous system diseases". All relevant papers' reference lists were manually searched. PN and neurodevelopment studies concerning the first two years of life were collected and analyzed. Results: 275 potential studies were retrieved, 64 were selected for full-text reading, and 22 were included (12 randomized controlled trials). While glucose intakes should be immediately provided and strictly monitored avoiding hyperglycemia, the long-term outcomes of aggressive PN caloric intakes are uncertain. Early amino acid (AA) supplementation is mandatory and improves short-term growth, though it is questionable whether increased AA and better neurodevelopment are directly related. Lipid infusion should be initiated right after birth, and further investigation will enable us to ascertain the potential impacts of lipid emulsions, particularly fish oil, on PI neurodevelopment. Conclusions: An aggressive PN and its possible metabolic complication could not favor neurodevelopment; the way forward could be a customized approach, depending on the patient's clinical state and tolerance. Long-term follow-up studies and the search for specific markers of tolerance are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, social and healthcare systems at a global level are facing constant challenges dictated by an increasing mismatch between the demand for care services and the supply of human and economic resources. Such a situation has been exacerbated in the past two years by the Covid-19 pandemic. This has led to an increase in the leverage of digitalisation, which has proved to be a crucial tool for the development and application of new organisational models at both hospital and territorial levels, thus addressing the various criticalities already present in the system. In this sense, the Virtual Hospital has emerged as a potential model for increasing effectiveness and efficiency in delivering sociomedical services. Starting from these premises, an EFTE (estimate, feedback, talk, estimate) approach was used to acquire an expert consensus within a multidisciplinary panel of academics and healthcare managers of the Veneto Region in Italy. This article reports the expert opinion on the possible application of the Virtual Hospital model in the national context, starting from the existing international evidence and good practices, highlighting the potential advantages and barriers to its implementation. Furthermore, the article analyses the most relevant areas of investment for the development of intangible assets and the acquisition of tangible assets necessary for its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]