7 results on '"Pearson, Talima"'
Search Results
2. Natural reversion promotes LPS elongation in an attenuated Coxiella burnetii strain
- Author
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Long, Carrie M., primary, Beare, Paul A., additional, Cockrell, Diane, additional, Binette, Picabo, additional, Tesfamariam, Mahelat, additional, Richards, Crystal, additional, Anderson, Matthew, additional, McCormick-Ell, Jessica, additional, Brose, Megan, additional, Anderson, Rebecca, additional, Omsland, Anders, additional, Pearson, Talima, additional, and Heinzen, Robert A., additional
- Published
- 2024
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3. Staphylococcus aureus infection disparities among Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Yuma, Arizona.
- Author
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Pearson T, Kramer S, Panisello Yagüe D, Nangkuu E, Medina-Rodriguez S, Wood C, Hepp C, Camplain R, Mihaljevic J, and Milner T
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection patterns in Yuma, Arizona show a 2.25x higher infection rate in non-Hispanics. Males had higher infection rates in most age classes. These disparities in infection are mostly consistent with previously observed patterns in colonization, suggesting that sex and ethnicity do not differentially impact colonization and infection., Competing Interests: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)
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- 2024
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4. Population sequencing for diversity and transmission analyses.
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Pearson T, Furstenau T, Wood C, Rigas V, Sahl J, Maltinsky S, Currie BJ, Mayo M, Hall C, Keim P, and Fofanov V
- Abstract
Genomic diversity in a pathogen population is the foundation for evolution and adaptations in virulence, drug resistance, pathogenesis, and immune evasion. Characterizing, analyzing, and understanding population-level diversity is also essential for epidemiological and forensic tracking of sources and revealing detailed pathways of transmission and spread. For bacteria, culturing, isolating, and sequencing the large number of individual colonies required to adequately sample diversity can be prohibitively time-consuming and expensive. While sequencing directly from a mixed population will show variants among reads, they cannot be linked to reveal allele combinations associated with particular traits or phylogenetic inheritance patterns. Here, we describe the theory and method of how population sequencing directly from a mixed sample can be used in conjunction with sequencing a very small number of colonies to describe the phylogenetic diversity of a population without haplotype reconstruction. To demonstrate the utility of population sequencing in capturing phylogenetic diversity, we compared isogenic clones to population sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei from the sputum of a single patient. We also analyzed population sequences of Staphylococcus aureus derived from different people and different body sites. Sequencing results confirm our ability to capture and characterize phylogenetic diversity in our samples. Our analyses of B. pseudomallei populations led to the surprising discovery that the pathogen population is highly structured in sputum, suggesting that for some pathogens, sputum sampling may preserve structuring in the lungs and thus present a non-invasive alternative to understanding colonization, movement, and pathogen/host interactions. Our analyses of S. aureus samples show how comparing phylogenetic diversity across populations can reveal directionality of transmission between hosts and across body sites, demonstrating the power and utility for characterizing the spread of disease and identification of reservoirs at the finest levels. We anticipate that population sequencing and analysis can be broadly applied to accelerate research in a broad range of fields reliant on a foundational understanding of population diversity.
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- 2024
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5. Host population structure and rare dispersal events drive leptospirosis transmission patterns among Rattus norvegicus in Boston, Massachusetts, US.
- Author
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Stone NE, Hamond C, Clegg J, McDonough RF, Bourgeois RM, Ballard R, Thornton NB, Nuttall M, Hertzel H, Anderson T, Whealy RN, Timm S, Roberts AK, Barragán V, Phipatanakul W, Leibler JH, Benson H, Specht A, White R, LeCount K, Furstenau TN, Galloway RL, Hill NJ, Madison JD, Fofanov VY, Pearson T, Sahl JW, Busch JD, Weiner Z, Nally JE, Wagner DM, and Rosenbaum MH
- Abstract
Leptospirosis (caused by pathogenic bacteria in the genus Leptospira ) is prevalent worldwide but more common in tropical and subtropical regions. Transmission can occur following direct exposure to infected urine from reservoir hosts, such as rats, or a urine-contaminated environment, which then can serve as an infection source for additional rats and other mammals, including humans. The brown rat, Rattus norvegicus , is an important reservoir of leptospirosis in urban settings. We investigated leptospirosis among brown rats in Boston, Massachusetts and hypothesized that rat dispersal in this urban setting influences the movement, persistence, and diversity of Leptospira . We analyzed DNA from 328 rat kidney samples collected from 17 sites in Boston over a seven-year period (2016-2022); 59 rats representing 12 of 17 sites were positive for Leptospira . We used 21 neutral microsatellite loci to genotype 311 rats and utilized the resulting data to investigate genetic connectivity among sampling sites. We generated whole genome sequences for 28 Leptospira isolates obtained from frozen and fresh tissue from some of the 59 Leptospira -positive rat kidneys. When isolates were not obtained, we attempted Leptospira genomic DNA capture and enrichment, which yielded 14 additional Leptospira genomes from rats. We also generated an enriched Leptospira genome from a 2018 human case in Boston. We found evidence of high genetic structure and limited dispersal among rat populations that is likely influenced by major roads and/or other unknown dispersal barriers, resulting in distinct rat population groups within the city; at certain sites these groups persisted for multiple years. We identified multiple distinct phylogenetic clades of L. interrogans among rats, with specific clades tightly linked to distinct rat populations. This pattern suggests L. interrogans persists in local rat populations and movement of leptospirosis in this urban rat community is driven by rat dispersal. Finally, our genomic analyses of the 2018 human leptospirosis case in Boston suggests a link to rats as the source. These findings will be useful for guiding rat control and human leptospirosis mitigation efforts in this and other urban settings.
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- 2024
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6. Pan-Enterovirus Characterization Reveals Cryptic Circulation of Clinically Relevant Subtypes in Arizona Wastewater.
- Author
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Erickson DE, Simmons KM, Barrand ZA, Ridenour CL, Hawkinson PB, Lemke L, Sellner SP, Brock BN, Rivas AN, Sheridan K, Lemmer D, Yaglom HD, Porter WT, Belanger M, Torrey RM, Stills AJR, McCormack K, Black M, Holmes W, Rostain D, Mikus J, Sotelo K, Haq E, Neupane R, Weiss J, Johnson J, Collins C, Avalle S, White C, Howard BJ, Maltinsky SA, Whealy RN, Gordon NB, Sahl JW, Pearson T, Fofanov VY, Furstenau T, Driebe EM, Caporaso JG, Barber J, Terriquez J, Engelthaler DM, and Hepp CM
- Abstract
Background: Most seasonally circulating enteroviruses result in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections. In rare cases, however, infection with some subtypes can result in paralysis or death. Of the 300 subtypes known, only poliovirus is reportable, limiting our understanding of the distribution of other enteroviruses that can cause clinical disease., Objective: The overarching objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the distribution of enteroviruses in Arizona during the late summer and fall of 2022, the time of year when they are thought to be most abundant, and 2) demonstrate the utility of viral pan-assay approaches for semi-agnostic discovery that can be followed up by more targeted assays and phylogenomics., Methods: This study utilizes pooled nasal samples collected from school-aged children and long-term care facility residents, and wastewater from multiple locations in Arizona during July-October of 2022. We used PCR to amplify and sequence a region common to all enteroviruses, followed by species-level bioinformatic characterization using the QIIME 2 platform. For Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68), detection was carried out using RT-qPCR, followed by confirmation using near-complete whole EV-D68 genome sequencing using a newly designed tiled amplicon approach., Results: In the late summer and early fall of 2022, multiple enterovirus species were identified in Arizona wastewater, with Coxsackievirus A6, EV-D68, and Coxsackievirus A19 composing 86% of the characterized reads sequenced. While EV-D68 was not identified in pooled human nasal samples, and the only reported acute flaccid myelitis case in Arizona did not test positive for the virus, an in-depth analysis of EV-D68 in wastewater revealed that the virus was circulating from August through mid-October. A phylogenetic analysis on this relatively limited dataset revealed just a few importations into the state, with a single clade indicating local circulation., Significance: This study further supports the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology to identify potential public health threats. Our further investigations into EV-D68 shows how these data might help inform healthcare diagnoses for children presenting with concerning neurological symptoms.
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- 2024
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7. Author Correction: Natural reversion promotes LPS elongation in an attenuated Coxiella burnetii strain.
- Author
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Long CM, Beare PA, Cockrell D, Binette P, Tesfamariam M, Richards C, Anderson M, McCormick-Ell J, Brose M, Anderson R, Omsland A, Pearson T, and Heinzen RA
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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