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Surgical error is a difficult subject to address in our current society that wants to leave no place for it. However, our human condition makes it impossible to disappear. This study mainly focuses on the management of a serious adverse event happening in the operating room to dwindle collateral damage, particularly in the field of teaching. The questionnaire was developed in a constructive manner. Face-to-face interviews with voluntary and informed practitioners from different institutions and position were conducted. These interviews were all transcribed and analyzed as part of a heuristic approach. Based on the recent literature, the iterative deductive-inductive text analysis was respected. The verbatim thematic grid has evolved according to the progress of the text study. Nine interviews were carried out (7/9 face-to-face, 2/9 via digital interaction), transcribed and analyzed. The practitioners median age is 54 years old. Six out of nine expressed a serious adverse event leading to death and all expressed its unexpected nature. The reported facts included a distance of time (5/9), and/or person (2/9). The most expressed personal impact apart from an unpleasant experience feeling, is the more or less important, facts rumination (7/9) to analyze and at the same time hoping to undo what has been done. All expressed a desire to verbalize explanation of the facts motivated by the distinction between guilt and responsibility. Everyone appreciated the questionnaire approach (Table 1). The abilities to manage a serious adverse event in the operating room are very internalized and essentially mobilized to avoid it. The use of these capacities for educational purposes to manage fear and the encystment of these unpleasant experiences does not yet seem successful. This approach would also allow us to remain vigilant regarding the construction of different sophisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Aortic valvuloplasty frequency has significantly increased over the past 15 years. Surgical repair varies in complexity depending on valvular lesions. Our aim is to report results on the whole spectrum of aortic valvuloplasty techniques., Methods: All children who consecutively underwent aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis and/or aortic insufficiency between January 2006 and December 2020 at Necker Sick Children's Hospital (Paris, France) were included in a retrospective cohort study. Aortic valvuloplasty techniques were classified into 3 difficulty levels: (1) simple repair, corresponding to commissurotomy and/or shaving in aortic stenosis (AS) in neonates (group 1) and children >1 month (group 2); (2) intermediate-complexity repair, corresponding to commissuroplasty, leaflet resuspension, and fenestration closure in aortic insufficiency (leaflet prolapse in connective tissue disease, isolated leaflet prolapse and Laubry-Pezzi groups); and (3) complex repair requiring a pericardial patch to restore a functional aortic valve in mixed aortic valve disease (bicuspidization with neocommissure and cusp extension groups)., Results: During the study period, 324 children underwent aortic valvuloplasty. Survival and freedom from aortic valve reintervention at 10 years were, respectively, 86.1% and 50.9% in neonates with AS, 95.2% and 71.7% in children >1 month with AS, 93.8% and 79.5% in leaflet prolapse in connective tissue disease, 97.7% and 91.9% in isolated leaflet prolapse, 100% and 88% in those with Laubry-Pezzi syndrome, 97.4% and 84.8% in bicuspidization with neocommissure, and 100% and 54.2% in the cusp extension., Conclusions: Durability of aortic valvuloplasty techniques is satisfactory and offers the possibility to delay the Ross procedure, regardless of the lesion's complexity., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Statement The authors reported no conflicts of interest. The Journal policy requires editors and reviewers to disclose conflicts of interest and to decline handling or reviewing manuscripts for which they may have a conflict of interest. The editors and reviewers of this article have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)