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In view of the dispersible nature of the radiologically significant gaseous radon (222Rn) and its dependence on metrological variables, an investigation was carried out in the uranium mineralized region of Jaduguda. Two distinct locations, comprising of prototype dwellings and outdoor environment outside the dwellings were chosen for the comparative study. The investigation was carried out during monsoon, autumn and winter seasons so that a profile ranging from minima to maxima can be accounted. Along with the 222Rn concentration profile and gamma level, the metrological variables such as ambient temperature, pressure, relative humidity has also been investigated. Results of sixty six (66) outdoor and thirty nine (39) dwellings monitoring was found to have 222Rn concentration ranged from 9 to 68 Bq m−3 and 35 to 130 Bq m−3, respectively, in outdoor and indoor with corresponding average value of 222Rn concentration were found 34 ± 13 and 79 ± 24 Bq m−3, respectively. These values are well within the expected range of a uranium mineralized area. Also, the outdoor 222Rn activity concentration is about 43% of the indoor 222Rn activity concentration, which can be attributed to greater atmospheric dilution and related metrological variables like higher temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground uranium mines, in particular, is associated with radiological conditions normally not anticipated in other mining industries. Depending on the grade and characteristics of the uranium deposit, the radiological hazard considerations may widely vary. Although short lived radon progeny are the major contributor of individual dose to the miners, dose assessment using their activity concentration data is normally avoided. Mine dust, diesel fumes, high humidity and seepage from the surrounding surface poses additional difficulty in direct estimation of radon progeny activity concentration. Individual doses are computed through radon (222Rn) monitoring data and equilibrium ratio (F) between radon and its short lived progeny. Both ambient and passive techniques are used in Indian uranium mines for the dose assessment but the passive technique is preferred over the ambient as the later can explicitly account the individual worker during its uses. The device, Personal Radon Dosimeter (PRD), based on nuclear track registry on a LR-115 Kotak film has indigenously been designed after detailed scientific studies. Basic features of this device, their uses, track registry and calibration aspects along with dose assessment methodology of uranium miners are provided in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gases from the breath exhalation can be used for the detection and estimation of associated contaminant in the human body. For the estimation of 226Ra body burden through the analyses of radon (222Rn) in the exhaled breath, similar technique has been considered for uranium miners in India. Initial experiments for Jaduguda underground uranium mine workers were based on qualitative approach due to the limitations of the sensitivity of the then available techniques. The inert gas 222Rn after its formation is soluble in the blood, may escape from the human body like other dissolved gases at lung/blood interface which can be removed through exhalation. Using a sensitive device that can effectively analyze the low activity concentration of radon, 226Ra body burden of the uranium miner can be estimated. The working principle, description and utility of the device as well as estimated 226Ra body burden are provided in the paper. Examination results of 244 subjects of uranium mines have shown a variation in the radium (226Ra) body burden from 0.54 to 3.75 kBq. The inexpensive technique can effectively be used in the field conditions due to high sensitivity, portability, low sampling time and minimal instrumentation requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a frequent occurrence in India, often complicated by a multitude of pathogenic and etiological factors. In this context, it is important to analyze the biochemical, hematological, and epidemiological clinical parameters of AFI patients in the North Indian population., Methods: This study included 1,819 patients of various ages who presented with new-onset acute febrile illness (AFI) between 2017 and 2021. Among these patients, 211, with a median age of 40 years (ranging from 2 to 85 years), were selected for further analysis. At enrollment, clinical examination involved collecting respiratory tract specimens, blood, and urine samples for bio-chemical analysis, with subsequent data analysis conducted using statistical methods., Results and Discussion: The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and total protein serum. The hematological parameters included total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, red blood cell count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Additionally, clinical parameters such as phosphorus, urea, calcium, sodium, uric acid, bilirubin, and potassium were measured. Specific values observed were: SGPT (~113 IU/L in 2018), SGOT (~81 U/L in 2019), GGT (~148 g/L in 2018), and total protein serum (~7 g/L in 2020). The hematological parameters (TLC, lymphocyte, monocyte, RBCs, PCV, ESR, MCV, and MCH). The regression analysis was conducted to explore the temperature recorded at the time of admission, the duration of hospital stays, and biochemical as well as hematological variables of patients suffering from AFI. Karl-Pearson's correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor for each variable mentioned above., Conclusion: Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed over different years of intake in patients with Acute Febrile Illness (AFI). Further investigation is required to explore the mechanistic pathways of infection, and preventive measures will be implemented using natural products and other therapeutic interventions. Our data will offer the first systematic assessment of the etiological factors, along with regression analysis and the Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient for each variable in AFI patients., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive cartilage degradation, ultimately leading to joint dysfunction and disability. Oleocanthal (OC), a bioactive phenolic compound derived from extra virgin olive oil, has garnered significant attention due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties, which are comparable to those of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study pioneers the investigation into the effects of OC on the Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2) mediated inflammatory pathway in OA, aiming to validate its efficacy as a functional food-based therapeutic intervention., Methods: To simulate cartilage tissue in vitro, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were differentiated into chondrocytes. An inflammatory OA-like environment was induced in these chondrocytes using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the pathological conditions of OA. The therapeutic effects of OC were evaluated by treating these inflamed chondrocytes with various concentrations of OC. The study focused on assessing key inflammatory markers, catabolic enzymes, and mitochondrial function to elucidate the protective mechanisms of OC. Mitochondrial function, specifically mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), was assessed using Rhodamine 123 staining, a fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in active mitochondria. The integrity of ΔΨm serves as an indicator of mitochondrial and bioenergetic function. Additionally, Western blotting was employed to analyze protein expression levels, while real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and catabolic enzymes. Flow cytometry was utilized to measure cell viability and apoptosis, providing a comprehensive evaluation of OC's therapeutic effects on chondrocytes., Results: The results demonstrated that OC significantly downregulated PAR-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a substantial reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Furthermore, OC attenuated the expression of catabolic markers such as SOX4 and ADAMTS5, which are critically involved in cartilage matrix degradation. Importantly, OC was found to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in chondrocytes subjected to inflammatory stress, as evidenced by Rhodamine 123 staining, indicating a protective effect on cellular bioenergetics. Additionally, OC modulated the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand (RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β (RANK) pathway, suggesting a broader therapeutic action against the multifactorial pathogenesis of OA., Conclusions: This study is the first to elucidate the modulatory effects of OC on the PAR-2 mediated inflammatory pathway in OA, revealing its potential as a multifaceted therapeutic agent that not only mitigates inflammation but also protects cartilage integrity. The preservation of mitochondrial function and modulation of the RANKL/RANK pathway further underscores OC's comprehensive therapeutic potential in counteracting the complex pathogenesis of OA. These findings position OC as a promising candidate for integration into nutritional interventions aimed at managing OA. However, further research is warranted to fully explore OC's therapeutic potential across different stages of OA and its long-term effects in musculoskeletal disorders., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In the United States, the discrepancy between organ availability and need has persisted despite changes in allocation, innovations in preservation, and policy initiatives. Living donor liver transplant remains an underutilized means of improving access to timely liver transplantation and decreasing waitlist mortality. Liver paired exchange (LPE) represents an opportunity to overcome living donor liver transplant pair incompatibility due to size, anatomy, or blood type. LPE was adopted as a strategy to augment access to liver transplantation at our institution. Specific educational materials, consent forms, and selection processes were developed to facilitate LPE. From 2019 through October 2023, our center performed 11 LPEs, resulting in 23 living donor liver transplant pairs. The series included several types of LPE: those combining complementary incompatible pairs, the inclusion of compatible pairs to overcome incompatibility, and the use of altruistic nondirected donors to initiate chains. These exchanges facilitated transplantation for 23 recipients, including 1 pediatric patient. LPE improved access to liver transplantation at our institution. The ethical application of LPE includes tailored patient education, assessment and disclosure of exchange balance, mitigation of risk, and maximization of benefit for donors and recipients., (Copyright © 2024 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder, occasionally presenting with rare complications like lupus enteritis (LE) and intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO). We present a unique case of a 32-year-old woman with LE and IPO, complicated by invasive candidiasis, as an initial manifestation of SLE. The patient presented with a 15-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and poor oral intake, and was initially misdiagnosed with infective enterocolitis. Examination revealed abdominal distension and absent bowel sounds due to IPO, alongside severe hypokalemia and signs of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), necessitating ventilator support. Subsequent workup confirmed SLE with LE and associated lupus nephritis (LN). The patient's condition was further complicated by disseminated invasive candidiasis involving multiple organs, including the bloodstream, chorioretinitis, and endocarditis. Despite her critical state, intensive multidisciplinary care, including high-dose steroids, antifungal therapy, and supportive measures, led to her recovery and discharge after a 51-day ICU stay. This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing SLE when it presents with non-specific symptoms. The concomitant occurrence of LE, IPO, and invasive candidiasis is particularly rare, highlighting the need for high clinical suspicion in the presence of SLE serological activity. The presence of invasive candidiasis was likely secondary to gut translocation due to LE-associated inflammation, a phenomenon not previously well-documented. LE can manifest as the primary and sole presentation of SLE, even in the absence of typical lupus features. Prompt immunomodulatory treatment and comprehensive care are essential for a favorable outcome. Clinicians should consider invasive candidiasis in SLE patients with acute GI involvement, particularly in the presence of LE., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Patnaik et al.)

Honey truffle sweetener (HTS), a 121 amino acid protein is identified as a high-intensity sweetener found naturally occurring in the Hungarian Sweet Truffle Mattirolomyces terfezioides , an edible mushroom used in regional diets. The protein is intensely sweet, but the truffle is difficult to cultivate; therefore, the protein was systematically characterized, and the gene coding for the protein was expressed in a commonly used host yeast Komagataella phaffii . The heterologously expressed protein maintained the structural characteristics and sweet taste of the truffle. Preliminary safety evaluations for use as a food ingredient were performed on the protein including digestibility and in silico approaches for predicting the allergenicity and toxicity of the protein. HTS is predicted to be nonallergenic, nontoxic, and readily digestible. This protein is readily produced by precision fermentation of the host yeast, making it a potential replacement for both added sugars and small molecule high-intensity sweeteners in food.

Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have revolutionized anticoagulant therapy, offering improved safety and efficacy over traditional agents like warfarin. This review comprehensively examines the dual roles of NOACs-apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran-not only as anticoagulants, but also as modulators of inflammation via protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling. We highlight the unique pharmacotherapeutic properties of each NOAC, supported by key clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in preventing thromboembolic events. Beyond their established anticoagulant roles, emerging research suggests that NOACs influence inflammation through PAR signaling pathways, implicating factors such as factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin in the modulation of inflammatory responses. This review synthesizes current evidence on the anti-inflammatory potential of NOACs, exploring their impact on inflammatory markers and conditions like atherosclerosis and diabetes. By delineating the mechanisms by which NOACs mediate anti-inflammatory effects, this work aims to expand their therapeutic utility, offering new perspectives for managing inflammatory diseases. Our findings underscore the broader clinical implications of NOACs, advocating for their consideration in therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing inflammation-related pathologies. This comprehensive synthesis not only enhances understanding of NOACs' multifaceted roles, but also paves the way for future research and clinical applications in inflammation and cardiovascular health.

Aim and Background: Neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) is evolving as a prognostic biomarker in sepsis. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether serial trend of nCD64, procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis/septic shock, as per Sepsis-3 criteria., Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational single-center cohort study included 60 adult patients (age ≥18 years) with sepsis. Serial biomarker levels with SOFA score were measured at admission (day 0), on day 4, and on day 8., Results: Of the 60 patients, 42 (70%) had septic shock. Biomarker levels at admission did not differ between patients with sepsis and septic shock. Thirty-seven patients survived and 23 were non-survivors by day 28. There was a significant fall in serial trend of all three biomarkers from admission till day 8 (Friedman p < 0.001) in survivors compared to a non-significant change in non-survivors. On multivariate analysis, SOFA score at admission (OR 1.731), more days with vasopressor support (OR 1.077), rise in CD64 from day 0 to day 8 (OR 1.074), and rise in CRP from day 0 to 8 (OR 1.245) were the significant predictors of 28-day mortality ( p < 0.05). The highest area under the ROC curve was obtained for more days of vasopressor therapy (0.857), followed by a rise in CD64 from day 0 to day 8 (0.798)., Conclusion: Serial trend of biomarkers has prognostic utility. The rise in CD64 from day 0 to day 8 was a good predictor of mortality compared to the trend of other biomarkers., How to Cite This Article: Patnaik R, Azim A, Singh K, Agarwal V, Mishra P, Poddar B, et al . Serial Trend of Neutrophil CD64, C-reactive Protein, and Procalcitonin as a Prognostic Marker in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis/Septic Shock: A Prospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(8):777-784., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: Dr Banani Poddar is associated as the Associate Editors of this journal and this manuscript was subjected to this journal's standard review procedures, with this peer review handled independently of this Associate Editors and his research group.Conflict of interest: Dr Banani Poddar is associated as the Associate Editors of this journal and this manuscript was subjected to this journal's standard review procedures, with this peer review handled independently of this Associate Editors and his research group., (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Algae cultivation and bioprocessing are important due to algae's potential to effectively tackle crucial environmental challenges like climate change, soil and water pollution, energy security, and food scarcity. To realize these benefits high algal biomass production and valuable compound extraction are necessary. Nanotechnology can significantly improve algal cultivation through enhanced nutrient uptake, catalysis, CO 2 utilization, real-time monitoring, cost-effective harvesting, etc. Synthetic nanoparticles are extensively used due to ease of manufacturing and targeted application. Nonetheless, there is a growing interest in transitioning to environmentally friendly options like natural and 'green' nanoparticles which are produced from renewable/biological sources by using eco-friendly solvents. Presently, natural, and 'green' nanoparticles are predominantly utilized in algal harvesting, with limited application in other areas, the reasons for which remain unclear. This review aims to critically evaluate research on nanotechnology-based algae system enhancement, identify research gaps and propose solutions using natural and 'green' nanoparticles for a sustainable future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: This study intended to assess the quality of life (QOL) with telephonic interview using the Short Form 12 (SF-12) Scale in follow-up patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 pneumonia., Methods: This prospective, noninterventional follow-up study was conducted at a tertiary care center. COVID-19 pneumonia patients discharged from ICU were recruited for telephonic interviews. Interviews were performed using SF-12 Scale to assess QOL 6 months after discharge. The SF-12 survey measures general health status in eight domains. A radar chart was used for the interpretation of health component scores., Results: One hundred and fifty patients could complete the telephonic interview. The first-stage depression risk was 50%, which was 30% more than general position incidence (20%). As compared to the general population, physical component summary (PCS-12) was 60% below and mental component summary (MCS-12) was 67% below the general norm. Role emotional was the most affected followed by role physical., Conclusions: QOL in follow-up ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was worse in terms of physical and mental scores. By employing a comprehensive, longitudinal assessment of QOL in follow-up patients, using validated SF-12 Scale, this study captures a multifaceted view of their health status postrecovery., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science.)

Phosphorus in wastewater poses a significant environmental threat, leading to water pollution and eutrophication. However, it plays a crucial role in the water-energy-resource recovery-environment (WERE) nexus. Recovering Phosphorus from wastewater can close the phosphorus loop, supporting circular economy principles by reusing it as fertilizer or in industrial applications. Despite the recognized importance of phosphorus recovery, there is a lack of analysis of the cyber-physical framework concerning the WERE nexus. Advanced methods like automatic control, optimal process technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and life cycle assessment (LCA) have emerged to enhance wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operations focusing on improving effluent quality, energy efficiency, resource recovery, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Providing insights into implementing modeling and simulation platforms, control, and optimization systems for Phosphorus recovery in WERE (P-WERE) in WWTPs is extremely important in WWTPs. This review highlights the valuable applications of AI algorithms, such as machine learning, deep learning, and explainable AI, for predicting phosphorus (P) dynamics in WWTPs. It emphasizes the importance of using AI to analyze microbial communities and optimize WWTPs for different various objectives. Additionally, it discusses the benefits of integrating mechanistic and data-driven models into plant-wide frameworks, which can enhance GHG simulation and enable simultaneous nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) removal. The review underscores the significance of prioritizing recovery actions to redirect Phosphorus from effluent to reusable products for future considerations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a unique entity marked by various etiologies and heterogenous pathophysiologies. There remain concerns regarding the efficacy of particular medications for each severity level apart from respiratory support. Among several pharmacotherapies which have been examined in the treatment of ARDS, corticosteroids, in particular, have demonstrated potential for improving the resolution of ARDS. Nevertheless, it is imperative to consider the potential adverse effects of hyperglycemia, susceptibility to hospital-acquired infections, and the development of intensive care unit acquired weakness when administering corticosteroids. Thus far, a multitude of trials spanning several decades have investigated the role of corticosteroids in ARDS. Further stringent trials are necessary to identify particular subgroups before implementing corticosteroids more widely in the treatment of ARDS. This review article provides a concise overview of the most recent evidence regarding the role and impact of corticosteroids in the management of ARDS., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Solid process fine waste or tailings of a uranium mill is a potential source of release of radiologically significant gaseous radon ( 222 Rn). A number of variables such as radium ( 226 Ra) content, porosity, moisture content, and tailings density can affect the extent of emanation from the tailings. Further, if a cover material is used for remediation purposes, additional challenges due to changes in the matrix characteristics in predicting the radon flux can be anticipated. The uranium mill tailings impoundment systems at Jaduguda have been in use for the long-term storage of fine process waste (tailings). A pilot-scale remediation exercise of one of the tailings ponds has been undertaken with 30 cm soil as a cover material. For the prediction of the radon flux, a numerical model has been developed to account for the radon exhalation process at the remediated site. The model can effectively be used to accommodate both the continuous and discrete variable inputs. Depth profiling and physicochemical characterization for the remediated site have been done for the required input variables of the proposed numerical model. The predicted flux worked out is well below the reference level of 0.74 Bq m -2  s -1 IAEA (2004)., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The 5-factor frailty index (5-mFI), validated frailty index with Spearmen rho correlation of .95 and C statistic >.7 for predicting postoperative complications, can be preoperatively used to stratify patients prior to parastomal hernia repairs., Methods: Retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database identified patients from 2015 to 2020. 5-mFI scores were calculated by adding one point for each comorbidity present: diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension requiring medication, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-independent functional status. Primary endpoint was 30-day overall complications; secondary endpoints were 30-day readmission, reoperation, and discharge to care facility., Results: 2924 (52.2% female) patients underwent elective parastomal hernia repair. Univariate analysis showed 5-mFI > 2 had higher rates of overall ( P = .008), pulmonary ( P = .002), cardiovascular ( P = .003)), hematologic ( P = .003), and renal ( P = .002) complications and higher rates of readmission ( P = .009), reoperation ( P = .001), discharge to care facility ( P < .001), and death ( P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified a 5-mFI of 2 or more as an independent risk factor for overall complications [OR: 1.40, 1.03-1.78; P = .032], pulmonary complications [2.97, 1.63-5.39; P < .001], hematological complications [1.60, 1.03-2.47; P = .035], renal complications [2.04, 1.19-3.46; P = .009], readmission [1.54, 1.19-1.99; P < .001], and discharge to facility [2.50, 1.66-3.77; P < .001]. Reoperation was not signification on multivariate analysis., Conclusions: Parastomal hernia repair patients with 5-mFI score of > 2 had higher risk of renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic complications, readmissions, longer hospitalization, discharge to care facility, and mortality, and can be useful during preoperative risk stratification., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: None of the authors have relevant financial conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr Wexner reports received consulting fees from ARC/Corvus, Astellas, Baxter, Becton Dickinson, GI Supply, ICON Language Services, Intuitive Surgical, Leading BioSciences, Livsmed, Medtronic, Olympus Surgical, Stryker, Takeda and receiving royalties from Intuitive Surgical and Karl Storz Endoscopy America Inc.

Objective Hearing loss as a comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is frequently overlooked by patients and healthcare professionals because of a lack of awareness. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of DM on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the population of Eastern India. The primary objectives are to assess the prevalence and severity of SNHL among individuals with DM, explore demographic and clinical factors associated with hearing impairment, and contribute valuable insights to the understanding of this relationship in a specific regional context. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 198 patients with type 2 DM. Of these, 46 patients were excluded based on exclusion criteria. All patients underwent detailed demographic and clinical assessments, including glycemic control, DM duration, and associated complications. Pure tone audiometry was used to evaluate hearing thresholds. Otoacoustic emission testing was performed to assess cochlear dysfunction. Results A high prevalence of SNHL (70.4%) was observed among the 152 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Females exhibited a higher prevalence than males, and most participants experienced mild SNHL. Rural residence, lower socioeconomic status, and poor glycemic control were associated with increased SNHL. Significant associations were found between hearing loss severity and DM duration, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and complications. Among complications, a strong association was noted with diabetic neuropathy. No significant association was observed with the presence or absence of otoacoustic-emission. Conclusion This study reveals a substantial impact of DM on SNHL in Eastern India, emphasizing the importance of routine hearing assessments in diabetic populations. The findings contribute to regional understanding and have implications for targeted healthcare interventions and preventive strategies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Mishra et al.)