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1. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids and chestnut tannin extract blend as supplement in poultry feeding: effect on animal performances and gut microbiota communities

Author

Daghio, Matteo, Scicutella, F., Buccioni, A., Minieri, S., Galigani, I., Passeri, S., Danesi, R., Toni, E., Mele, M., and Mannelli, F.

Abstract

AbstractIntensive poultry rearing needs preventive strategies against diseases, several of which are little or not containable by vaccinations. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SMCFAs) and chestnut tannin (CHT), both by-products of two different industrial production chains, are very effective antimicrobials. The inclusion level of these additives in the diet is fundamental because a detrimental effect on the gut microbiome can occur if the dose is too high, compromising the animal welfare and performance. Hence, the aim of this trial was to test the effect of a blend (BL; 1:1, w/w) of SMCFAs (fatty acids from C4:0 to C9:0) and CHT extract (CTE) as feed additive in broiler feeding. One hundred one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (4 replicates; 20 pens; 5 animals per pen): control diet (CON), FAS diet (with 1.5 g/100g on dry matter (DM) of SMCFAs), CTE diet (with 1.5 g/100g on DM of CHT extract), BL1 diet (with 1.5 g/100g on DM of BL), and BL2 diet (with 3.0 g/100g on DM of BL). Among the parameters evaluated (weight gain; feed intake; feed efficiency; dressing out), the only differences were observed for the feed intake. In particular, the feed intake of CON (2.876 kg), FAS (2.773 kg), CTE (2.882 kg), and BL1 (2.858 kg) were comparable while the feed intake of BL2 (2.717 kg) was lower than the other diets except for FAS which was similar (p = 0.0010). The microbial community in the caecum was described by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and was similar between the treatments both in terms of alpha-diversity and beta-diversity. The results of this trial evidenced that no detrimental effect on growth performances or on gut microbiome occurred when birds were fed the blend of SMCFAs and CHT extracts at the inclusion levels tested in this study.HIGHLIGHTSShort- and medium-chain fatty acids and chestnut tannins are alternatives to conventional antimicrobialsNatural antimicrobials improve the sustainability of poultry productionShort- and medium-chain fatty acids and chestnut tannins did not alter the gut microbiota of broiler

Published
2024
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2. Tolerability of vortioxetine compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in older adults with major depressive disorder (VESPA): a randomised, assessor-blinded and statistician-blinded, multicentre, superiority trial

Author

Ostuzzi, G, Gastaldon, C, Tettamanti, M, Cartabia, M, Monti, I, Aguglia, A, Aguglia, E, Bartoli, F, Callegari, C, Canozzi, A, Carbone, E, Carrà, G, Caruso, R, Cavallotti, S, Chiappini, S, Colasante, F, Compri, B, D'Agostino, A, De Fazio, P, de Filippis, R, Gari, M, Ielmini, M, Ingrosso, G, Mammarella, S, Martinotti, G, Rodolico, A, Roncone, R, Sterzi, E, Tarsitani, L, Tiberto, E, Todini, L, Amaddeo, F, D'Avanzo, B, Barbato, A, Barbui, C, Alessi, M, Avincola, G, Bachi, B, Bernasconi, G, Birgillito, A, Bisso, E, Bonora, S, Calabrese, A, Callovini, T, Canestro, A, Canonico, S, Capogrosso, C, Carosielli, D, Caselli, I, Cavaleri, D, Cavallotto, C, Cesca, M, Chiarenza, C, Cioni, R, Coloccini, S, Cruciata, M, Cumerlato, C, De Filippis, R, De Palma, M, Del Vecchio, S, Della Rocca, B, Di Natale, C, D'Onofrio, E, Espa, I, Fior, G, Gancitano, M, Giordano, B, Giusti, L, Grassi, L, Guzzi, P, Isella, C, Lax, A, Marano, L, Marconi, F, Marella, M, Metelli, A, Michencig, G, Miuli, A, Moncada, A, Morello, P, Moretti, F, Morreale, M, Mosca, A, Nasti, C, Nosé, M, Ogheri, F, Oresti, M, Ornaghi, A, Palpella, D, Pancheri, C, Papola, D, Passeri, S, Pettorusso, M, Piacenti, S, Pinucci, I, Pugliese, V, Purgato, M, Rania, M, Robbi, F, Romito, S, Ronchi, B, Roselli, V, Segura-Garcia, C, Signorelli, M, Simonelli, G, Sociali, A, Sturiale, S, Tambelli, A, Todesco, B, Trabucco, A, Turrini, G, Villa, V, Wiedenmann, F, Zambuto, L, Zanini, E, Zannini, C, Zerbinati, L, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Gastaldon, Chiara, Tettamanti, Mauro, Cartabia, Massimo, Monti, Igor, Aguglia, Andrea, Aguglia, Eugenio, Bartoli, Francesco, Callegari, Camilla, Canozzi, Andrea, Carbone, Elvira Anna, Carrà, Giuseppe, Caruso, Rosangela, Cavallotti, Simone, Chiappini, Stefania, Colasante, Fabrizio, Compri, Beatrice, D'Agostino, Armando, De Fazio, Pasquale, de Filippis, Renato, Gari, Matteo, Ielmini, Marta, Ingrosso, Gianmarco, Mammarella, Silvia, Martinotti, Giovanni, Rodolico, Alessandro, Roncone, Rita, Sterzi, Enrico, Tarsitani, Lorenzo, Tiberto, Elisa, Todini, Liliana, Amaddeo, Francesco, D'Avanzo, Barbara, Barbato, Angelo, Barbui, Corrado, Alessi, Maria Chiara, Avincola, Gabriele, Bachi, Bianca, Bernasconi, Gianna, Birgillito, Andrea, Bisso, Emanuele, Bonora, Stefano, Calabrese, Angela, Callovini, Tommaso, Canestro, Aurelia, Canonico, Salvo, Capogrosso, Chiara Alessandra, Carbone, Elvira, Carosielli, Doriana, Caselli, Ivano, Cavaleri, Daniele, Cavallotto, Clara, Cesca, Marco, Chiarenza, Cecilia, Cioni, Riccardo Matteo, Coloccini, Sara, Cruciata, Marco, Cumerlato, Claudia, De Filippis, Renato, De Palma, Manuela, Del Vecchio, Sasha, Della Rocca, Bianca, Di Natale, Chiara, D'Onofrio, Ettore, Espa, Irene, Fior, Giulia, Gancitano, Marta, Giordano, Barbara, Giusti, Laura, Grassi, Luigi, Guzzi, Pierluca, Isella, Celeste, Lax, Annamaria, Marano, Leonardo, Marconi, Federico, Marella, Marco, Metelli, Alessia, Michencig, Giulia, Miuli, Andrea, Moncada, Alessandro, Morello, Pietro, Moretti, Federico, Morreale, Marco, Mosca, Alessio, Nasti, Christian, Nosé, Michela, Ogheri, Filippo, Oresti, Margherita, Ornaghi, Alessandra, Palpella, Dario, Pancheri, Corinna, Papola, Davide, Passeri, Silvia, Pettorusso, Mauro, Piacenti, Susanna, Pinucci, Irene, Pugliese, Valentina, Purgato, Marianna, Rania, Marianna, Robbi, Federica, Romito, Samantha, Ronchi, Barbara, Roselli, Valentina, Segura-Garcia, Cristina, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Simonelli, Gabriele, Sociali, Antonella, Sturiale, Serena, Tambelli, Antonio, Todesco, Beatrice, Trabucco, Alice, Turrini, Giulia, Villa, Veronica, Wiedenmann, Federico, Zambuto, Luca, Zanini, Elisa, Zannini, Chiara, Zerbinati, Luigi, Ostuzzi, G, Gastaldon, C, Tettamanti, M, Cartabia, M, Monti, I, Aguglia, A, Aguglia, E, Bartoli, F, Callegari, C, Canozzi, A, Carbone, E, Carrà, G, Caruso, R, Cavallotti, S, Chiappini, S, Colasante, F, Compri, B, D'Agostino, A, De Fazio, P, de Filippis, R, Gari, M, Ielmini, M, Ingrosso, G, Mammarella, S, Martinotti, G, Rodolico, A, Roncone, R, Sterzi, E, Tarsitani, L, Tiberto, E, Todini, L, Amaddeo, F, D'Avanzo, B, Barbato, A, Barbui, C, Alessi, M, Avincola, G, Bachi, B, Bernasconi, G, Birgillito, A, Bisso, E, Bonora, S, Calabrese, A, Callovini, T, Canestro, A, Canonico, S, Capogrosso, C, Carosielli, D, Caselli, I, Cavaleri, D, Cavallotto, C, Cesca, M, Chiarenza, C, Cioni, R, Coloccini, S, Cruciata, M, Cumerlato, C, De Filippis, R, De Palma, M, Del Vecchio, S, Della Rocca, B, Di Natale, C, D'Onofrio, E, Espa, I, Fior, G, Gancitano, M, Giordano, B, Giusti, L, Grassi, L, Guzzi, P, Isella, C, Lax, A, Marano, L, Marconi, F, Marella, M, Metelli, A, Michencig, G, Miuli, A, Moncada, A, Morello, P, Moretti, F, Morreale, M, Mosca, A, Nasti, C, Nosé, M, Ogheri, F, Oresti, M, Ornaghi, A, Palpella, D, Pancheri, C, Papola, D, Passeri, S, Pettorusso, M, Piacenti, S, Pinucci, I, Pugliese, V, Purgato, M, Rania, M, Robbi, F, Romito, S, Ronchi, B, Roselli, V, Segura-Garcia, C, Signorelli, M, Simonelli, G, Sociali, A, Sturiale, S, Tambelli, A, Todesco, B, Trabucco, A, Turrini, G, Villa, V, Wiedenmann, F, Zambuto, L, Zanini, E, Zannini, C, Zerbinati, L, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Gastaldon, Chiara, Tettamanti, Mauro, Cartabia, Massimo, Monti, Igor, Aguglia, Andrea, Aguglia, Eugenio, Bartoli, Francesco, Callegari, Camilla, Canozzi, Andrea, Carbone, Elvira Anna, Carrà, Giuseppe, Caruso, Rosangela, Cavallotti, Simone, Chiappini, Stefania, Colasante, Fabrizio, Compri, Beatrice, D'Agostino, Armando, De Fazio, Pasquale, de Filippis, Renato, Gari, Matteo, Ielmini, Marta, Ingrosso, Gianmarco, Mammarella, Silvia, Martinotti, Giovanni, Rodolico, Alessandro, Roncone, Rita, Sterzi, Enrico, Tarsitani, Lorenzo, Tiberto, Elisa, Todini, Liliana, Amaddeo, Francesco, D'Avanzo, Barbara, Barbato, Angelo, Barbui, Corrado, Alessi, Maria Chiara, Avincola, Gabriele, Bachi, Bianca, Bernasconi, Gianna, Birgillito, Andrea, Bisso, Emanuele, Bonora, Stefano, Calabrese, Angela, Callovini, Tommaso, Canestro, Aurelia, Canonico, Salvo, Capogrosso, Chiara Alessandra, Carbone, Elvira, Carosielli, Doriana, Caselli, Ivano, Cavaleri, Daniele, Cavallotto, Clara, Cesca, Marco, Chiarenza, Cecilia, Cioni, Riccardo Matteo, Coloccini, Sara, Cruciata, Marco, Cumerlato, Claudia, De Filippis, Renato, De Palma, Manuela, Del Vecchio, Sasha, Della Rocca, Bianca, Di Natale, Chiara, D'Onofrio, Ettore, Espa, Irene, Fior, Giulia, Gancitano, Marta, Giordano, Barbara, Giusti, Laura, Grassi, Luigi, Guzzi, Pierluca, Isella, Celeste, Lax, Annamaria, Marano, Leonardo, Marconi, Federico, Marella, Marco, Metelli, Alessia, Michencig, Giulia, Miuli, Andrea, Moncada, Alessandro, Morello, Pietro, Moretti, Federico, Morreale, Marco, Mosca, Alessio, Nasti, Christian, Nosé, Michela, Ogheri, Filippo, Oresti, Margherita, Ornaghi, Alessandra, Palpella, Dario, Pancheri, Corinna, Papola, Davide, Passeri, Silvia, Pettorusso, Mauro, Piacenti, Susanna, Pinucci, Irene, Pugliese, Valentina, Purgato, Marianna, Rania, Marianna, Robbi, Federica, Romito, Samantha, Ronchi, Barbara, Roselli, Valentina, Segura-Garcia, Cristina, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Simonelli, Gabriele, Sociali, Antonella, Sturiale, Serena, Tambelli, Antonio, Todesco, Beatrice, Trabucco, Alice, Turrini, Giulia, Villa, Veronica, Wiedenmann, Federico, Zambuto, Luca, Zanini, Elisa, Zannini, Chiara, and Zerbinati, Luigi

Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and disabling among older adults. Standing on its tolerability profile, vortioxetine might be a promising alternative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in such a vulnerable population. Methods: We conducted a randomised, assessor- and statistician-blinded, superiority trial including older adults with MDD. The study was conducted between 02/02/2019 and 02/22/2023 in 11 Italian Psychiatric Services. Participants were randomised to vortioxetine or one of the SSRIs, selected according to common practice. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events after six months was the primary outcome, for which we aimed to detect a 12% difference in favour of vortioxetine. The study was registered in the online repository clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03779789). Findings: The intention-to-treat population included 179 individuals randomised to vortioxetine and 178 to SSRIs. Mean age was 73.7 years (standard deviation 6.1), and 264 participants (69%) were female. Of those on vortioxetine, 78 (44%) discontinued the treatment due to adverse events at six months, compared to 59 (33%) of those on SSRIs (odds ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.39). Adjusted and per-protocol analyses confirmed point estimates in favour of SSRIs, but without a significant difference. With the exception of the unadjusted survival analysis showing SSRIs to outperform vortioxetine, secondary outcomes provided results consistent with a lack of substantial safety and tolerability differences between the two arms. Overall, no significant differences emerged in terms of response rates, depressive symptoms and quality of life, while SSRIs outperformed vortioxetine in terms of cognitive performance. Interpretation: As opposed to what was previously hypothesised, vortioxetine did not show a better tolerability profile compared to SSRIs in older adults with MDD in this study. Additionally, hypothetical advantages of vortioxetine on depress

Published
2024

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