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Two Gram-staining negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, pinkish-colored and rod-shaped strains, designated SJ11T and HCMS5-2 T, were isolated from soil in South Korea. The growth of strain SJ11T was observed from 15℃ to 35℃ (optimum, 30℃), from pH 6.0 to 11.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and with NaCl 0–1% (w/v) (optimum, 0%) and that of strain HCMS5-2 T was observed from 4℃ to 40℃ (optimum, 25℃), from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with NaCl 0–5% (w/v) (optimum, 0–1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that both strains belonged to the genus Pedobacter. Strain SJ11T had the highest 16S rRNA similarities with Pedobacter jejuensis THG-DR3T (98.5%) and strain HCMS5-2 T had the highest similarities with Pedobacter nototheniae 36B243T (98.7%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain SJ11T with Pedobacter jejuensis THG-DR3T was 23.6%, with an average nucleotide identity value of 79.6%, and that of strain HCMS5-2 T with Pedobacter nototheniae 36B243T was 26.4%, with an average nucleotide identity value of 83.1%. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of SJ11T and HCMS5-2 T were iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The genome size of strain SJ11T was approximately 4.7 Mb with a G + C content of 37.7% and that of strain HCMS5-2 T was approximately 4.1 Mb with a G + C content of 36.4%. The major polar lipid and respiratory quinone of SJ11T and HCMS5-2 T were phosphatidylethanolamine and menaquinone NK-7, respectively. Results of this study showed that strains SJ11T and HCMS5-2 T belonged to the genus Pedobacter as novel species, of which the name Pedobacter rhodius sp. nov., with the type strain SJ11T (= KACC 22884 T = TBRC 16597 T) and Pedobacter punctiformis sp. nov., with the type strain HCMS5-2 T (= KACC 22863 T = TBRC 16598 T) were respectively proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel strains were isolated from the mudflat of Suaeda japonica colonies in Incheon, Republic of Korea. Designated as DGU5 T and DGU6 T , these strains were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped and had yellowish colonies. Both strains were determined to belong to the genus Aurantiacibacter through phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA sequences and draft genomes. The cells of strain DGU5 T were non-motile and grew at temperatures ranging between 7-45°C (optimum, 25-30°C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-11.0% NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). The cells of strain DGU6T were non-motile and grew in temperatures ranging from 10-45 °C (optimum, 30-35°C), pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-11.0% NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Overall genome relatedness index calculations revealed average nucleotide identity values (72.3-88.6%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (18.8-35.9%) aligning with those of the genus Aurantiacibacter . The major fatty acids in both strains were C 17:1 ω 6 c and summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c /C 18:1 ω 7 c ), while the predominant polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic, average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological, and biochemical data collectively demonstrated the distinctiveness of the novel strains from other members within the family Erythrobacteraceae . We propose the names A. flavus sp. nov. (type strain DGU5 T = KACC 23720 T = TBRC 19015 T ) and A. gilvus sp. nov. (type strain DGU6 T = KACC 23721 T = TBRC 19016 T ) for the two strains.

Two yellow-pigmented novel strains, designated HF-S3 T and HF-S4 T , were isolated from farm soil in Paju, Republic of Korea. Cells of the two strains are characteristically Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile and rod-shaped. Strain HF-S3 T grew at 10-37 °C, while HF-S4 T grew at 15-35 °C. Both strains grew at pH 5.0-12.0 and in NaCl concentrations (w/v) of 0-2.0%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that HF-S3 T and HF-S4 T belong to the genus Sphingomonas , with HF-S3 T exhibiting 97.7, 97.6 and 97.4% similarity to Sphingomonas cannabina DM2-R-LB4 T , Sphingomonas leidyi DSM 4733 T and Sphingomonas canadensis FWC47 T , respectively. Strain HF-S4 T displayed 97.9, 97.7 and 97.6% similarity to Sphingomonas psychrotolerans Cra20 T , Sphingomonas gei ZFGT-11 T and Sphingomonas naasensis KIS18-15 T , respectively. The DNA G+C contents of HF-S3 T and HF-S4 T were 67.0 and 66.5 mol%, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values among the novel and related type strains were 20.2-28.2% and 75.9-84.3%, respectively. They all contained C 14:0 2-OH and C 16:0 , summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c and/or C 18:1 ω 7 c ) as the major fatty acids and ubiquinone-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. Strains HF-S3 T and HF-S4 T were found to produce carotenoid-type pigments. Based on polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the new isolates ostensibly represent two novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , with the proposed names Sphingomonas rustica sp. nov. and Sphingomonas agrestis sp. nov. for strains HF-S3 T and HF-S4 T , respectively. The S. rustica and S. agrestis type strains are HF-S3 T (=KACC 23554 T =TBRC 18352 T ) and HF-S4 T (=KACC 23386 T =TBRC 17899 T ), respectively.

Two novel Gram-positive strains, chi10 T and PFR10 T , were isolated from the roots of Suaeda japonica Makino and Viola mandshurica W. Becker, respectively. The strains are facultatively aerobic, rod-shaped, motile via peritrichous flagella and endospore-forming. Strains chi10 T and PFR10 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Paenibacillus alvei DSM 29 T (99.0%) and Paenibacillus planticolens LMG 31457 T (99.3%). Furthermore, the phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses demonstrated that strains chi10 T and PFR10 T were closely related to the genus Paenibacillus . The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values for strains used in the phylogenetic analysis and strain chi10 T ranged from 19.6 to 28.4%, while for strain PFR10 T , the values ranged from 19.8 to 53.5%, according to the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator 3.0, which were all less than 70%. Additionally, the dDDH value between strains chi10 T and PFR10 T was 22.0%, confirming that they are different species of the genus Paenibacillus . The average nucleotide identity between chi10 T and PFR10 T and other species of the genus Paenibacillus were 68.4-84.7% and 67.8-93.6%, respectively. In addition, the major polar lipids of chi10 T and PFR10 T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acid profile of strain chi10 T was iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 , whereas the major fatty acid profile of strain PFR10 T was iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 . The sole respiratory quinone in strains chi10 T and PFR10 T was menaquinone-7. Phylogenomic, phenotypic and genome analyses strongly indicated that chi10 T and PFR10 T could be two novel Paenibacillus species for which the names Paenibacillus suaedae sp. nov. (type strain chi10 T = KACC 23258 T = TBRC 17803 T ) and Paenibacillus violae sp. nov. (type strain PFR10 T = KACC 23263 T = TBRC 17804 T ) are proposed, respectively.

Biological and abiotic stresses in plant growth are associated with reduced crop yields. Therefore, improving plant stress resistance can be a crucial strategy to improve crop production. To overcome these problems, plant growth-promoting bacteria are emphasized as one of the alternative tools for sustainable agriculture. This study found a novel strain (L3 T ) of a plant growth-promoting bacterium in fermented Liriope platyphylla fruit. Strain L3 T showed the ability to promote plant growth. The L3 T strain promoted plant growth of D. carota subsp. sativus , increasing the length (increase rate compared to the control group, 36.98%), diameter (47.06%), and weight of carrots (81.5%), ultimately increasing the edible area. In addition, we confirmed that plant growth was improved even in situations that inhibited plant growth, such as salinity and drought stress. Strain L3 T performed indole production, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation, all characteristics of a strain that promotes plant growth. Genome analysis revealed genes involved in the growth promotion effects of strain L3 T . Additionally, the properties of exopolysaccharides were identified and characterized using FTIR, TGA, and UHPLC. Our results demonstrated that L3 isolated from fermented L . platyphylla fruit can be used to simultaneously alleviate drought and NaCl stress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Kim, Woo, Chhetri, Park and Seo.)

Two novel strains, designated APW6 T and APW11 T , were isolated from artificial pond water, and one novel strain, designated PFR6 T , was isolated from a Viola mandshurica root. These strains were found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of flagella, and oxidase-positive. Growth conditions of the type strains were as follows: APW6 T , 15-43 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-12.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), with no salinity; APW11 T , 4-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 9.0), with 0-1 % NaCl (w/v, optimum 0 %); PFR6 T , 10-38 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 6.0-12.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), with 0-2 % NaCl (w/v; optimum, 0 %). Strains APW6 T , APW11 T , and PFR6 T belonged to the genus Roseateles , having the most 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Roseateles saccharophilus DSM 654 T (98.1 %), Roseateles oligotrophus CHU3 T (98.7 %), and Roseateles puraquae CCUG 52769 T (98.1 %). The estimated genome sizes of APW6 T , APW11 T , and PFR6 T were 50 50 473, 56 70 008, and 52 16 869 bp, respectively and the G+C contents were 69.5, 66, and 68.5 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average amino acid identity, and average nucleotide identity values among the novel strains and related taxa were all lower than 22.4, 74.7, and 78.9 %, respectively. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of all strains were summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1  ω 6 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 7 c ) and C 16 : 0 . PFR6 T also had summed feature 8 (comprising C 18 :  1   ω 7 c and/or C 18 :  1   ω 6 c ) as a major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of all strains contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoaminoglycolipid, and phosphoglycolipid. The distinct phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic features reported in this study indicate that strains APW6 T , APW11 T , and PFR6 T represent novel species within the genus Roseateles , for which the names Roseateles subflavus sp. nov., with the type strain APW6 T (=KACC 22877 T =TBRC 16606 T ), Roseateles aquae sp. nov., with the type strain APW11 T (=KACC 22878 T =TBRC 16607 T ), and Roseateles violae sp. nov (=KACC 23257 T =TBRC 17653 T ) are respectively proposed.

Two Gram-negative bacteria, designated as strains LF1 T and HM2-2 T , were isolated from an artificial pond in a honey farm at Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis results revealed that strain LF1 T belonged to the genus Lysobacter and had the highest sequence similarity to Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7 T (99.0 %), Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29 T (98.9 %), and Lysobacter prati SYSU H10001 T (98.2 %). Its growth occurred at 20-37 °C, at pH 5.0-12.0, and in the presence of 0-2% NaCl. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , and summed feature 9 (iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c and/or C 16 : 0 10-methyl). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 67.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain LF1 T and species of the genus Lysobacter were 79.1-84.4% and 22.0-27.5 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis results revealed that strain HM2-2 T belonged to the genus Limnohabitans and was most closely related to Limnohabitans planktonicus II-D5 T (98.9 %), Limnohabitans radicicola JUR4 T (98.4%), and Limnohabitans parvus II-B4 T (98.4 %). Its growth occurred at 10-35 °C, at pH 5.0-11.0, and in the presence of 0-2% NaCl. The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c /C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain HM2-2 T and its closely related strains were 75.1-83.0% and 20.4-26.4 %, respectively. Phenotypic, genomic, and phylogenetic data revealed that strains LF1 T and HM2-2 T represent novel species in the genera Lysobacter and Limnohabitans , for which the names Lysobacter stagni sp. nov. and Limnohabitans lacus sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Lys. stagni is LF1 T (=KACC 23251 T =TBRC 17648 T ), and that of Lim. lacus is HM2-2 T (=KACC 23250 T =TBRC 17649 T ).

Two novel strains were isolated from wetland soils in Goyang, Republic of Korea. The two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterial-type strains were designated MW4 T and MW9 T . Phylogenomic analysis based on whole-genome sequences suggested that both strains belonged to the genus Cellulomonas . The cells of strain MW4 T were non-motile and grew at 20-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in the presence of 0-1.0% NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The cells of strain MW9 T were non-motile and grew at 20-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in the presence of 0-1.0% NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The average nucleotide identity (77.1-88.1 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (21.0-34.8 %) between the two novel strains and with their closely related strains fell within the range for the genus Cellulomonas . The novel strains MW4 T and MW9 T and reference strains possessed alkane synthesis gene clusters ( oleA , oleB , oleC and oleD ). Phylogenomic, phylogenetic, average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical data indicated that the novel strains were distinct from other members of the family Cellulomonadaceae . We propose the names Cellulomonas alba sp. nov. (type strain MW4 T =KACC 23260 T =TBRC 17645 T ) and Cellulomons edaphi sp. nov. (type strain MW9 T =KACC 23261 T =TBRC 17646 T ) for the two strains.